Hotan Prefecture[10] (also known as Gosthana, Gaustana, Godana, Godaniya, Khotan, Hetian, Hotien)[11][12][13] is located in the Tarim Basin region of southwestern Xinjiang, China, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region to the south and Union Territory of Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The vast majority of the Aksai Chin region which is disputed between China and India is administered as part of Hotan Prefecture. The seat of Hotan Prefecture is Hotan and its largest county by population is Karakax County. The vast majority of the residents of the prefecture are Muslim Uyghurs and live around oases situated between the desolate Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains.
Hotan Prefecture
خوتەن ۋىلايىتى 和田地区 Gosthana, Gaustana, Godana, Godaniya Khotan, Hetian, Hotien | |
---|---|
Prefecture | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Region | Xinjiang |
Seat | Hotan[1] |
Government | |
• CPC Secretary (地委书记) | Yang Fasen (杨发森[2]) |
Area | |
• Total | 247,800 km2 (95,700 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 2,504,718 |
• Density | 10/km2 (26/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Uyghur, Han Chinese[4][6][7][8]: 178 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
ISO 3166 code | CN-XJ-32 |
GDP (Nominal)[9] | 2021 |
- Total | ¥46.7 billion $7.1 billion |
- Per Capita | ¥18,235 $2,827 |
- Growth | 6.6% |
Website | xjht |
Hotan Prefecture | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uyghur name | |||||||||||||||
Uyghur | خوتەن ۋىلايىتى | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 和田地区 | ||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 和田地區 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
The region was the center of the ancient Iranian Saka Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan. Later, the region was part of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, followed by the Qara Khitai, Chagatai Khanate, Moghulistan and the Dzungar Khanate, which was conquered by the Qing dynasty of China. Hotan became part of Xinjiang under Qing rule.[14] In the 1930s, the Khotan Emirate declared independence from China. The PLA entered Hotan in 1949.
The prefecture is known for its jade, silk and carpets.
The prefecture is named for its seat, Hotan (Khotan, Hetian, Hotien).
The area of Hotan is historically known as Gaustana, Godana or Godaniya, a Sanskrit name meaning "Land of the cows".[15][12] In Chinese, the same name is written as Yu-t'ien, pronounced as Gu-dana. It is referred to as Gosthana by local Tibetans, which also means the same in Sanskrit.[13]
The Hotan Prefecture region played a major part in the Dungan Revolt (1862–1877).[14]
Tunganistan was an independent administered region in the southern part of Xinjiang from 1934 to 1937. The territory included the oases of the southern Tarim Basin; the centre of the region was Khotan.
On December 22, 1949, PLA forces reached Hotan. In 1950, the area was redesignated as Hotan District (和闐專區).[16]
In 1959, the Chinese character name of Hotan was changed from '和阗' to the homophonous '和田'.[1][16]
In 1962, events of the Sino-Indian War occurred in parts of Aksai Chin administered as part of Hotan Prefecture.
In 1971, Hotan was changed from a district (专区) to a prefecture (地区).[16]
Between June 1991 and March 1992, there were six attacks with firearms on Han Chinese residents in Hotan Prefecture.[17]
According to a reporter for the Wen Wei Po in Ürümqi, between January and August 2005, authorities had disbanded six "illegal underground" religious schools in Hotan Prefecture and confiscated more than one hundred unauthorized religious books and periodicals as well as 972 audio and video tapes.[18][19]
In 2016, Kunyu was established within the boundaries of Hotan Prefecture.
In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, 171 Uyghur workers from Hotan Prefecture were sent to Changsha, Hunan.[20]
The vast majority of the residents live around oases situated between the desolate Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains. To the north, the prefecture borders Aksu Prefecture, to the east Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, to the west Kashgar Prefecture, and to the south, Tibet and the areas disputed between China, India and Pakistan. Aksai Chin includes the southernmost point administered as part of Xinjiang. Most of the prefecture has a cold desert climate.
The Hotan Prefecture is divided into one county-level city and seven counties and surrounds Kunyu:[21][2]
(Outdated map: Kunyu was established within the boundaries of Hotan Prefecture in 2016) | |||||||||
# | Name | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hotan[10] (Hetian) | خوتەن شەھىرى | Hoten Shehiri | 和田市 | Hétián Shì | 322,300 | 466 | 691.63 | |
2 | Hotan County[10] (Hetian) | خوتەن ناھىيىسى | Hoten Nahiyisi | 和田县 | Hétián Xiàn | 269,941 | 41,403[lower-alpha 2] | 6.51 | |
3 | Moyu County[10] (Karakax) | قاراقاش ناھىيىسى | Qaraqash Nahiyisi | 墨玉县 | Mòyù Xiàn | 500,114 | 25,789 | 19.39 | |
4 | Pishan County[10] (Guma) | گۇما ناھىيىسى | Guma Nahiyisi | 皮山县 | Píshān Xiàn | 258,210 | 39,742 | 6.49 | |
5 | Lop County (Luopu) | لوپ ناھىيىسى | Lop Nahiyisi | 洛浦县 | Luòpǔ Xiàn | 232,916 | 14,314 | 16.27 | |
6 | Qira County (Chira, Cele) | چىرا ناھىيىسى | Chira Nahiyisi | 策勒县 | Cèlè Xiàn | 147,050 | 31,688 | 4.64 | |
7 | Yutian County[10] (Keriya) | كېرىيە ناھىيىسى | Kériye Nahiyisi | 于田县 | Yútián Xiàn | 249,899 | 39,095 | 6.39 | |
8 | Niya County (Minfeng[10]) | نىيە ناھىيىسى | Niye Nahiyisi | 民丰县 | Mínfēng Xiàn | 33,932 | 56,760 | 0.59 |
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 1,681,310 | — |
2010 | 2,014,362 | +1.82% |
2015 | 2,324,287 | +2.90% |
[4][22] |
According to the analysis of Adrian Zenz, the population growth of Hotan declined significantly between 2015 and 2018.[23]
As of 2015, 2,248,113 (96.7%) of the 2,324,287 residents of the prefecture were Uyghur, 71,233 were Han Chinese (3.1%) and 4,941 were from other ethnic groups.[22]
In 2014, according to a local government employee in the township of Langru in Hotan County, "Islamic beliefs are very strong" in the prefecture.[7]
As of the 2000s, the population of Hotan Prefecture was more than 95% Uyghur.[4][6][7][8]: 178
As of 1999, 96.9% of the population of Hotan (Hetian) Prefecture was Uyghur and 3.1% of the population was Han Chinese.[24]
Residents of Hotan Prefecture commonly speak Uyghur and often do not speak Mandarin Chinese.[8]: 181 [25][26][27]: 241 [better source needed]
Historical English-language maps including modern-day Hotan Prefecture area:
和田 1市名。{...}和田地区行署驻此。{...}清设和阗直隶州,1913年改和阗县,1959年改和田县。
和田地区辖和田市、和田县、皮山县、墨玉县、洛浦县、策勒县、于田县、民丰县7县1市,91个乡镇,13个街道办事处,98个社区,1384个行政村,还有生产建设兵团十四师及所属奴尔牧场、47团场、皮山农场及224团场。历任中共和田地委书记22位,专员14位,现任地委书记杨发森、行署专员艾则孜•木沙。
和田地区位于新疆维吾尔自治区最南端。{...}总面积24.78万平方公里。
2000年第五次人口普查,和田地区常住总人口1681310人。{...}2000年末,和田地区常住总人口168.15万,其中非农业人口23.67万人,占总人口的14.08%;维吾尔族162.56万人,占总人口的96.67%。{...}2003年,和田地区总面积248945.29平方千米,{...}2010年第六次人口普查,和田地区常住总人口2014362人,
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)维吾尔族占96.9%,汉族占2.9%。
Government employees at the local level frequently regret the difficulties caused by these requirements, an employee at Langru’s Economy Management Office told RFA, adding, “But we have no choice, since these are the rules of our county.” Hotan prefecture, in which the county lies, “is a very special region in the [Xinjiang] Autonomous Region,” he said. “Most of our population here are Uyghurs, and their Islamic beliefs are very strong.”
While much of Xinjiang is being overpopulated by Han migration from eastern China that has more than quadrupled the desert region's population in a mere half-century, Hotan has been protected from the influx by its remote location at the southern base of the Taklimakan. It remains more than 95 percent Uyghur.{...}Even after eight years in the city, he spoke only Uyghur. His few Han clients were forced to communicate in their limited Uyghur, he explained, as he himself had never learned Chinese. In Hotan, there was no need for it.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)1949年12月22日中国人民解放军十五团抵达和阗 ,和阗解放。1950年改称和阗专区,1959年改和阗为和田,1971年改专区为地区,1979年建立和田行政公署。
據悉,今年以來,該地區已查獲地下非法教經點6個,查收非法宗教書刊100餘本、音像製品972盒和帶有違法的各類物品1,874件。
The article also reports that since January, Hetian authorities have disbanded six "illegal underground" religious schools and confiscated unauthorized religious books, periodicals, and audio and video tapes.
Recent reports by the official Xinjiang Daily and Chinanews.com said that from Feb. 22-23, “400 youths were transferred to the provinces of Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi.” Of those, 114 from Awat (in Chinese, Awati) county, in the XUAR’s Aksu (Akesu) prefecture, were sent to Jiangxi’s Jiujiang city on Feb. 23, 100 from Aksu city were sent to Jiujiang on Feb. 22, and 171 from Hotan (Hetian) prefecture were sent to Changsha city in Hunan province, the reports said, without providing a date for the last transfer.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)统计用区划代码 名称 653201000000 和田市 653221000000 和田县 653222000000 墨玉县 653223000000 皮山县 653224000000 洛浦县 653225000000 策勒县 653226000000 于田县 653227000000 民丰县
Official statistics show that the combined net population growth rates of Hotan and Kashgar, two of the largest Uighur regions, dropped by about 84 percent between 2015 and 2018.
Travelling east from Khotan{...}Many Uighurs speak no Chinese at all, and most hotels are even less likely to have English speakers than those elsewhere in China.
Far fewer people understood Mandarin in Hotan than anywhere else I'd been in Xinjiang. It made getting around difficult, as not only did the taxi drivers fail to understand what I was saying, but they couldn't read an address either. Most ignored or didn't know the Chinese names given to the streets anyway.
和田地区{...}安全 因为与当地人语言交流可能有障碍,注意礼貌和当地习俗是非常必要,以免发生不必要的争执。
Prefectural-level divisions of China | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China |