Jiaozuo (Chinese: 焦作; pinyin: Jiāozuò [tɕjáʊ.tswô]; postal: Tsiaotso) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area.[2]

Jiaozuo 焦作市 Tsiaotso
Prefecture-level city
Top:View of Red Stone Gorge and waterfall in Yuntai Mountain Geological Park, Bottom left:View of Qingling Valley, Bottom upper right:Jiaozuo Sports Stadium, Bottom lower right:Jiaozuo Television Tower and Longyuan Lake
Jiaozuo in Henan
Jiaozuo Location on the North China Plain Show map of Northern China Jiaozuo Jiaozuo (China) Show map of China
Coordinates (Jiaozuo municipal government): 35°12′57″N 113°14′31″E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Henan
Municipal seat	Jiefang District
Area
• Prefecture-level city	4,000.9 km2 (1,544.8 sq mi)
• Urban	413.8 km2 (159.8 sq mi)
• Metro	896.3 km2 (346.1 sq mi)
Elevation	139 m (456 ft)
Population  (2018 estimation)
• Prefecture-level city	3,590,700[1]
• Urban	1,044,400link
• Metro	1,424,500
• Metro density	1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	454000
Area code	0391
ISO 3166 code	CN-HA-08
GDP	¥2,342.80(2017) link
Major Nationalities	Han, Hui
County-level divisions	10
Township-level divisions	116
License plate prefixes	豫H
Website	link

Its population was 3,590,700 as of the 2018 estimate whom 1,424,500 lived in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts (Jiefang, Shanyang, Zhongzhan and Macun) and Bo'ai County largely being urbanized.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Jiaozuo administers 4 districts, 2 county-level cities and 4 counties.

• Jiefang District (解放区)
• Shanyang District (山阳区)
• Zhongzhan District (中站区)
• Macun District (马村区)
• Qinyang City (沁阳市)
• Mengzhou City (孟州市)
• Xiuwu County (修武县)
• Wuzhi County (武陟县)
• Wen County (温县)
• Bo'ai County (博爱县)

Map
Jiefang Zhongzhan Macun Shanyang Xiuwu County Bo'ai County Wuzhi County Wen County Qinyang (city) Mengzhou (city)

History

This section does not cite any sources. (April 2020)

The city was founded on an industrial site left by the British after the First and Second Opium Wars (1839–1860). Jiaozuo was established as a city in 1953. Mao Zedong has written praise about the hard work of people from Jiaozuo in the coal industry.

Geography

Jiaozuo has a temperate semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with four distinct seasons; owing to the shielding influence of the Taihang Mountains, temperatures in the urban core of Jiaozuo are warmer than in Xinxiang and Zhengzhou. Winters are cool and relatively dry while summers are hot and often rainy. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 1.3 °C (34.3 °F) in January to 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) in July, with the annual mean temperature at 15.61 °C (60.1 °F). Extremes exist from −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) to 43.6 °C (110.5 °F).^{[citation needed]} Precipitation averages 552 mm (21.7 in) annually.

Economy

Jiaozuo is noted for its blast furnaces and machine construction industries. The total GDP of the city in 2017 was 234.28 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 13.733 billion yuan, up 4.6%; the added value of the secondary industry was 13.841 billion yuan, up 6.7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 81.143 billion yuan, up 9.1%. The per capita GDP reached 65,936 yuan. The three industrial structures changed from 6.4:59.3:34.3 of 2016 to 5.9:59.5:34.6.link

People

By the end of 2019, the total population of the city was 3.7789 million, and the permanent population was 3.5971 million. The birth rate is 10.57 ‰, the mortality rate is 6.36 ‰, and the natural growth rate is 4.21 ‰. The urbanization rate reached 60.94%.

Transport

Zhengjiaojin Expressway, Xinjiaoji Expressway, Jiluo Expressway and Jiaowen Expressway pass through the territory. Local expressways are connected with national trunk expressways, realizing "county expressway", "township expressway" and "village expressway". [4] In October 2020, it will be included in the list of pilot areas for deepening the reform of rural road management and maintenance system.

By the end of 2019, the expressway mileage was 239.51km. The annual highway cargo turnover was 30.25 billion tons per kilometer, up 9.4% over the previous year; Road passenger turnover reached 697 million person kilometers, down 11.8%.

Colleges and universities

Henan Polytechnic University (HPU),[4] with a history of nearly 100 years, is the first mining university in Chinese history. Its former is Jiaozuo Coal Mining School which was established by the British Syndicate Co. Ltd., in 1909. It has changed its names several times in the course of development, namely, FuZhong Coal Mining University, Jiaozuo Private Institute of Technology, North-west Institute of Technology, Jiaozuo National Institute of Technology, Jiaozuo Mining Institute and Jiaozuo Institute of Technology. The University resumed its name of Henan Polytechnic University in 2004. Henan University of Science and Technology (Province-Building Universities, Central and Western Universities Infrastructure Capacity Building Engineering Universities)

Natural Scenery

Jiaozuo is located adjacent to the Yellow River and is just south of the Taihang Mountain.

In the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in the northern part of Jiaozuo, there are about 500 square miles of gravel slopes. The geology is hard and stable, and the strata have great endurance. It is also close to mines, water sources, traffic arteries and cities and towns. It is an ideal industrial land. Very suitable for the construction of high-rise buildings.

In Shanyang distinct, Fengshanzhen mountain is a leisure and entertainment place for people living around it.

Yuntai Mountain, Qing Tian River, Qing Long Cape, Shen Nong Mountain, Feng Lin Cape, and so on.

Yuntai Mountain is said to have the waterfall with main cascade of 314 meters in height, together with numerous smaller cascades.

On February 13, 2004, Yuntai Mountain as the fifth in the world, the third in the country China, was named the world's first World Geopark by UNESCO and caused attention at home and abroad. Meanwhile, Yuntaishan is also a national scenic spot, National Civilized Scenic Area, the first national AAAAA-level scenic spot, national natural heritage, national forest parks, national macaque nature reserve. Yuntain Mountain also has Asia's highest head drop waterfall.

Other landmarks

Amongst Jiaozuo's best sights are:

• Old city with tombs
• Old rocks-hanging Taiping temple with cave grottoes
• Giant red new Jiaozuo temple
• TV tower
• Large futuristic Jiaozuo Sport centre
• Renmin bridge
• Building of People's government
• City's tallest building

• 
  Taiping hanging temple
• 
  Jiaozuo TV Tower
• 
  Jiaozuo Sport centre
• 
  Renmin bridge

Notable Person

• Chen Wangting, founder of Chen-style taijiquan，
• Li Sangyin,poets of the Tang Dynasty
• Si Mayi,the founder of the Jin dynasty

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jiaozuo city.

• Government website of Jiaozuo (in Simplified Chinese)
• Jiaozuo Travel Bureau (in English)

На других языках

[de] Jiaozuo

[ru] Цзяоцзо