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Tacheng[1] (Chinese: 塔城), as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Mongolian as Qoqak, is a county-level city (1994 est. pop. 56,400) and the administrative seat of Tacheng Prefecture, in northern Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang.

Tacheng
塔城市 · چۆچەك شەھىرى
Chuguchak; Tahcheng
County-level city
"Ruins in Chuguchak" by Vasily Vereshchagin (1869)
Location of Tacheng City (pink) in Tacheng Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Tacheng
Location of the city centre in Xinjiang
Coordinates (Tacheng municipal government): 46°45′06″N 82°59′13″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionXinjiang
PrefectureTacheng
Area
  Total4,007 km2 (1,547 sq mi)
Population
 (2003)
  Total160,000
  Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
834700
Tacheng
Chinese name
Chinese塔城
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese缺切克
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese楚呼楚
Third alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese塔尔巴哈台
Traditional Chinese塔爾巴哈台
Uyghur name
Uyghurچۆچەك
Kazakh name
Kazakhشاۋەشەك
Sháýeshek

The city was sometimes called Tarbaghatay or Tarbagatai (Mongolian: 'having marmots') and in European languages as Chuguchak (based on its name in the Mongolian language).[2] The current official Chinese name Tacheng is an abbreviation of "Tarbaghatay City". The current Uyghur name is Qöqäk transliterated from Mongolian.

It is located in the Dzungarian Basin, some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Chinese border with Kazakhstan. For a long time it has been a major center for trade with Central Asia because it is an agricultural hub. Its industries include food processing, textiles, and utilities.


History


In the mid-19th century, Chuguchak was considered the most important commercial center of Western China after Ghulja (Yining), being an important center of trade between China and Russia, in particular in tea. The city, surrounded by an earth wall, was the residence of two Qing ambans and had a garrison of some 1,000 Chinese soldiers and 1,500 Manchu and Mongol soldiers.[2]

Chuguchak suffered harshly in 1865 during the fighting between the Qing forces and the Dungan and Uyghur rebels.


Border crossing


The Bakhtu border crossing (simplified Chinese: 口岸; traditional Chinese: 巴克圖口岸; pinyin: Bākètú Kǒu'àn) into Kazakhstan is located 17 km (11 mi) from Tacheng. The checkpoint on the Kazakh side of the border is also known as Bakhty and is located 60 km (37 mi) from Makanchi in East Kazakhstan Province. In April 1962, during the Yita Incident [zh] (伊塔事件),[3] over 60,000 Chinese nationals, including around 48,000 Tacheng residents, illegally crossed the XinjiangKazakh SSR border,[3] leading to massive economic loss in Tacheng; the border crossing closed in August of that year.[3] The crossing re-opened on 20 October 1990,[3] and was deemed a "first-class port of entry" (一类口岸) on 14 March 1994.[3] On 1 July 1995, the crossing opened to use by third nations.[3]


Administrative divisions


Subdistricts (街道)

Town ()

Townships ()

Ethnic Townships (民族)

Other


Climate


Tacheng has a typical Xinjiang cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) that is almost moist enough to be a hot summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), as being on the west side of the Altay Mountains the region receives more winter snowfall than most of Xinjiang.

Climate data for Tacheng (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)
9.6
(49.3)
24.7
(76.5)
33.2
(91.8)
34.9
(94.8)
37.2
(99.0)
40.3
(104.5)
41.3
(106.3)
37.7
(99.9)
32.0
(89.6)
20.8
(69.4)
11.8
(53.2)
41.3
(106.3)
Average high °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6)
−2.3
(27.9)
4.1
(39.4)
17.0
(62.6)
23.4
(74.1)
28.4
(83.1)
30.8
(87.4)
29.9
(85.8)
24.1
(75.4)
15.0
(59.0)
4.3
(39.7)
−2.0
(28.4)
14.1
(57.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −10.4
(13.3)
−8.7
(16.3)
−1.8
(28.8)
9.7
(49.5)
15.9
(60.6)
20.7
(69.3)
22.9
(73.2)
21.6
(70.9)
15.8
(60.4)
7.6
(45.7)
−1.2
(29.8)
−7.4
(18.7)
7.1
(44.7)
Average low °C (°F) −15.6
(3.9)
−14.1
(6.6)
−7.0
(19.4)
3.6
(38.5)
9.2
(48.6)
13.6
(56.5)
15.7
(60.3)
14.1
(57.4)
8.5
(47.3)
1.9
(35.4)
−5.6
(21.9)
−12.0
(10.4)
1.0
(33.8)
Record low °C (°F) −33.5
(−28.3)
−37.1
(−34.8)
−30.6
(−23.1)
−12.3
(9.9)
−3.7
(25.3)
2.6
(36.7)
6.2
(43.2)
4.0
(39.2)
−4.1
(24.6)
−13.3
(8.1)
−31.5
(−24.7)
−34.7
(−30.5)
−37.1
(−34.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.5
(0.65)
14.4
(0.57)
15.6
(0.61)
32.4
(1.28)
31.7
(1.25)
24.5
(0.96)
29.8
(1.17)
16.3
(0.64)
14.0
(0.55)
26.9
(1.06)
34.3
(1.35)
25.9
(1.02)
282.3
(11.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.9 8.5 8.3 8.2 9.4 7.9 8.4 6.3 6.0 7.5 10.0 9.7 99.1
Source: Weather China

Transportation


The Karamay–Tacheng Railway (opened on May 30, 2019) connects Tacheng with Baikouquan Station (百口泉站) on the Kuytun–Beitun Railway in Karamay City. It takes 9 hours from Tacheng to Ürümqi.[4]

Tacheng is also served by the Tacheng Airport with flights to Ürümqi and other cities in Xinjiang.


References


  1. The official spelling according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press (中国地图出版社). 1997. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
  2. Lumley, John (1869), Report by Mr. Lumley, Her Majesty's Secretary of Embassy at St. Petersburgh, on the Tea Trade of Russia, dated May 4, 1867. [Extracted from "Commercial reports" presented to Parliament, July 1867.], p. 73
  3. 百年口岸——巴克图-塔城市政府门户网 (in Chinese (China)). Tacheng People's Government. 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  4. 穿越“魔鬼风区”的克塔铁路通车 新疆实现所有地州首府通火车. Xinhua. 2019-05-30. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019.



На других языках


- [en] Tacheng

[ru] Чугучак

Чугучак (уйг. چۆچەك, Чөчəк) или Тачэн (кит. упр. 塔城, пиньинь Tǎchéng) — городской уезд на севере Синьцзян-Уйгурского автономного района, административный центр округа Чугучак, входящего в Или-Казахский автономный округ.



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