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Toyohashi (豊橋市, Toyohashi-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019, the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households [1] and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 261.86 square kilometres (101.10 sq mi). By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-largest city until March 31, 2005 when it was surpassed by the city of Toyota, which had merged with six peripheral municipalities.

Toyohashi
豊橋市
Core city
Mount Ishimaki
Yoshida CastleFutagawa-juku
Port of ToyohashiToyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park
Tedutsu hanabiNikake-Udon
Location of Toyohashi in Aichi Prefecture
Toyohashi
 
Coordinates: 34°46′9″N 137°23′29.5″E
CountryJapan
RegionChūbu (Tōkai)
PrefectureAichi Prefecture
Area
  Total261.86 km2 (101.10 sq mi)
Population
 (December 1, 2019)
  Total377,453
  Density1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0532-51-2111
Address1 Imabashi-chō, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi-ken 440-8501
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerAzalea
TreeCamphor Laurel

Geography


Toyohashi is located in southeastern Aichi Prefecture, and is the capital of the informal "Higashi-Mikawa Region" of the prefecture. It is bordered by Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, and by Mikawa Bay and the headlands of the Atsumi Peninsula to the west. To the south is the Enshu Bay of the Pacific Ocean. The presence of the warm Kuroshio Current offshore gives the city a temperate climate. The Katahama Jusan-ri Beach (片浜十三里) in Toyohashi is a sea turtle nesting spot.


Climate


The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Toyohashi is 16.3 °C (61.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,651.3 mm (65.01 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.5 °C (81.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.4 °C (41.7 °F).[2]

Climate data for Toyohashi (2006−2020 normals, extremes 2005−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.0
(62.6)
19.5
(67.1)
22.4
(72.3)
26.0
(78.8)
30.3
(86.5)
34.1
(93.4)
35.7
(96.3)
37.9
(100.2)
35.5
(95.9)
30.8
(87.4)
24.6
(76.3)
22.4
(72.3)
37.9
(100.2)
Average high °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6)
10.4
(50.7)
14.0
(57.2)
18.6
(65.5)
23.2
(73.8)
25.9
(78.6)
29.6
(85.3)
31.5
(88.7)
28.4
(83.1)
23.2
(73.8)
17.3
(63.1)
11.8
(53.2)
20.3
(68.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7)
6.4
(43.5)
9.5
(49.1)
14.3
(57.7)
19.0
(66.2)
22.3
(72.1)
26.0
(78.8)
27.5
(81.5)
24.4
(75.9)
19.1
(66.4)
13.3
(55.9)
8.0
(46.4)
16.3
(61.3)
Average low °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4)
2.5
(36.5)
5.2
(41.4)
10.0
(50.0)
15.1
(59.2)
19.2
(66.6)
23.2
(73.8)
24.3
(75.7)
21.0
(69.8)
15.4
(59.7)
9.3
(48.7)
4.1
(39.4)
12.6
(54.7)
Record low °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)
−4.4
(24.1)
−1.6
(29.1)
1.3
(34.3)
8.3
(46.9)
12.9
(55.2)
18.7
(65.7)
19.3
(66.7)
12.5
(54.5)
6.5
(43.7)
0.7
(33.3)
−2.2
(28.0)
−4.4
(24.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50.3
(1.98)
79.9
(3.15)
127.5
(5.02)
150.9
(5.94)
178.1
(7.01)
184.6
(7.27)
198.6
(7.82)
126.8
(4.99)
206.9
(8.15)
210.9
(8.30)
79.6
(3.13)
57.2
(2.25)
1,651.3
(65.01)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.3 6.4 8.4 9.3 8.9 11.3 10.8 7.1 10.7 10.0 6.7 5.5 100.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 197.8 178.4 210.2 207.9 223.7 161.8 186.6 236.8 171.1 166.1 170.0 183.4 2,293.8
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][2]

Demographics


Toyohashi MEA
Toyohashi MEA

Per Japanese census data,[4] the population of Toyohashi has grown steadily over the past 60 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950 185,984    
1960 215,515+15.9%
1970 258,547+20.0%
1980 304,273+17.7%
1990 337,982+11.1%
2000 364,865+8.0%
2010 376,861+3.3%

Neighboring municipalities


Aichi Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture

City scape



History



Origins


The area around present-day Toyohashi has been inhabited for many thousands of years. Archaeologists have found human remains from the Japanese Paleolithic period, which have been carbon dated to more than 10,000 BC along with the bones of Naumann elephants.

Numerous remains from the Jōmon period, and especially from the Yayoi and Kofun periods have also been found, including many kofun burial mounds.

During the Nara period, the area was assigned to Atsumi, Hoi and Yana Districts of Mikawa Province and prospered during subsequent periods as a post town on an important river crossing of the Tōkaidō connecting the capital with the eastern provinces.


Sengoku period


During the Sengoku period, the area was a highly contested zone between the Imagawa clan based in Suruga Province and various local warlords, who built a number of fortifications in the area, including Yoshida Castle. The rising power of the Matsudaira clan and its alliance with Oda Nobunaga eventually neutralized the threat posed by the Imagawa, and the area became part of the holdings of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Following the Battle of Odawara in 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the Tokugawa clan to relocate to the Kantō region and assigned the castle to Ikeda Terumasa. Ikeda developed the surrounding castle town and embarked on a massive and ambitious plan to rebuild Yoshida Castle. However, following the Battle of Sekigahara, he was relocated to Himeji Castle.


Edo period


After the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, Yoshida Castle became the center of Yoshida Domain, a clan fief. The domain was assigned to several different fudai daimyō clans until coming into the possession of the Matsudaira (Nagasawa-Ōkōchi) clan in 1752, which remained in residence at Yoshida until the Meiji Restoration. The final daimyō of Yoshida, Matsudaira Nobuhisa, surrendered the domain to the Meiji government in 1868. In 1869, the name of the domain was formally changed from Yoshida to Toyohashi.


Meiji period


With the establishment of the modern municipalities system under the Meiji government in 1879, Toyohashi Town was created within Atsumi District, Aichi Prefecture. Toyohashi Zoo was established in 1899. The town achieved city status in 1906.


Taishō period


A tram system (the present-day Toyohashi Railway Asumadai Main Line) was established in 1925.


Shōwa period


In 1932, Toyohashi expanded its borders by annexing Shimoji Town (Hoi District), Takashi Village, Muroyoshida Village (Atsumi District), and Shimokawa Village (Yana District). Toyohashi suffered considerable damage during the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake, and even more damage during the Toyohashi Air Raid, which destroyed more than 60% of the city in June 1945.


Modern Toyohashi


In 1955, Toyohashi's geographic extent was expanded again with the annexation of neighboring Maeshiba Village (Hoi District), Futagawa Village, Takatoyo Village, Oitsu Village (Atsumi District) and Ishimaki Village (Yana District). Toyohashi achieved core city status in 1999 with increased autonomy from the prefectural government.


Government


Toyohashi City Office
Toyohashi City Office
Toyohashi City Public Hall
Toyohashi City Public Hall

Mayor-council


Toyohashi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 36 members.


Prefectural Assembly


The city contributes five members to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly.


House of Representatives


In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District15 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.


List of mayors of Toyohashi (from 1907)



Public



Police



Firefighting



Health care



Post office



Library



International relations



Twin towns/sister cities


Sister cities
Friendship cities

Economy


Downtown of ToyohashiCity
Downtown of ToyohashiCity
Port of Toyohashi
Port of Toyohashi

Primary sector of the economy



Agriculture

Japan Agricultural Cooperatives

Secondary sector of the economy


Industrial production is centered around the production of automotive-related components for Toyota, Mitsubishi, Suzuki Motors, and Honda, all of whom have factories in the region.

Motors

Tertiary sector of the economy


Worldwide trade

Mikawa Port is a major port for worldwide trade, and its presence has made Toyohashi the largest import and export hub in Japan for automobiles, in volume terms. Compared to other ports around the world, Mikawa is roughly on a par with the German port of Bremerhaven.[8]

Shopping center

Media



Studio



Newspaper



Education


Toyohashi University of Technology
Toyohashi University of Technology
Aichi UniversityToyohashi campuses
Aichi UniversityToyohashi campuses

University


National university
Private university

Primary and secondary schools



International schools



Transportation



Railway


Toyohashi Station is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and the Tōkaidō Main Line. Hikari shinkansen services stop at Toyohashi Station approximately once every two hours, and Kodama services stop twice an hour. Toyohashi Station is also the terminus of the Iida Line, Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line, Toyohashi Railroad Atsumi Line, and the Toyohashi Railroad Azumada Main Line, making it an important transportation hub.


Highspeed rail

Central Japan Railway Company

Conventional lines

Central Japan Railway Company
Meitetsu
Toyotetsu

Tramway


Toyotetsu

Bus


Almost all services are operated by Toyotetsu Bus, a subsidiary of Toyohashi Railroad.


Roads


The Kilometre Zero of Toyohashi
The Kilometre Zero of Toyohashi

Highway


Japan National Route


Sea port



Local attractions



Places of interest


Yoshida Castle
Yoshida Castle
Toyohashi Natural History Museum
Toyohashi Natural History Museum
Kamo Iris Garden
Kamo Iris Garden

Facilities and parks


Toyohashi has many parks, including the Natural History Museum and Zoological Park, the Imou swamp, Mikawa Seaside Forest, Kamo Iris Garden, and the Mukaiyama Ume Garden. It also has what is considered one of the best surfing beaches in Aichi and the surrounding region.[11]


Culture



Festivals


Toyohashi Festival, Spring Festival, Iris Flower Festival, Gion Festival, Demon Festival (February), and traditional marionette performances (Akumi joruri). At some of these festivals, especially the summer festivals, the use of traditionally handcrafted fireworks is showcased, and include hand-held bamboo-tube fireworks known as tezutsu hanabi.


Special products


Chikuwa (a type of baked sausage roll made from fish), Gohei rice cake (五平餅, Gohei-mochi), beach fermented soybeans, food boiled in goby fish and soy, top producer of quail eggs in Japan, Toyohashi calligraphy brush (豊橋筆, Toyohashi-fude).



In the fictional Harry Potter universe, Toyohashi is the hometown of the professional Quidditch team, the Toyohashi Tengu.[12]

In the Takeshi Kitano movie Kikujiro, the story revolves around the characters' trip from Tokyo to Toyohashi.


Sports



Basketball


Baseball




Notable people from Toyohashi



See also



References


  1. Toyohashi City official statistics (in Japanese)
  2. 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  3. 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  4. Toyohashi population statistics
  5. "International Exchange". List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  6. "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  7. "Miestai partneriai". panevezys.lt (in Lithuanian). Panevėžys. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
  8. Toyohashi City / Welcome
  9. "Escolas Brasileiras Homologadas no Japão" (Archive). Embassy of Brazil in Tokyo. Retrieved on October 13, 2015.
  10. アクセス. Toyohashi Korean Elementary School and Kindergarten. Retrieved October 14, 2015. 愛知県豊橋市柳生町19
  11. Toyohashi Culture Map
  12. Whisp, Kennilworthy (2001). Quidditch Through the Ages. WhizzHard Books. pp. 31–46. ISBN 1-55192-454-4.



На других языках


[de] Toyohashi

Toyohashi (jap. 豊橋市, -shi) ist eine Stadt in der Präfektur Aichi auf Honshū, der Hauptinsel Japans.
- [en] Toyohashi

[es] Toyohashi (Aichi)

La ciudad de Toyohashi (豊橋市, Toyohashi-shi?) es una ciudad localizada al este de la prefectura de Aichi. Tiene un área de 261,26 km² y una población de 379.830 habitantes (2005). La ciudad fue fundada el 1 de agosto de 1906.

[ru] Тоёхаси

Тоё́хаси (яп. 豊橋市 Тоёхаси-си) — центральный город Японии, расположенный в юго-восточной части префектуры Айти на полуострове Ацуми на берегу нижнего течения реки Тоё. Основан 1 августа 1906 года путём предоставления посёлку статуса города. Город является центром машиностроения и пищевой промышленности. Площадь города составляет 261,35 км²[1], население — 373 296 человек (1 июня 2014)[2], плотность населения — 1428,34 чел./км².



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