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Sindhudurg district (Marathi pronunciation: [sin̪d̪ʱud̪uɾɡ]) is an administrative district of the Konkan division in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri district. The district headquarters are located at Oros and the district occupies an area of approximately 5,207 km2 and has a population of 849,651, of which 12.59% were urban (as of 2011).[1] As of 2011, it's the least populous district of Maharashtra (out of 36).[2]

Sindhudurg District
District of Maharashtra
Clockwise from top-left: Sindhudurg Fort, sunset at Sawantwadi, Tirlot Bridge, Amboli Ghat, Chivla Beach
Location in Maharashtra
Country India
StateMaharashtra
DivisionKonkan
HeadquartersOros, Sindhudurg
Talukas1. Dodamarg, 2. Sawantwadi, 3. Vengurla, 4. Kudal, 5. Malvan, 6. Kankavli, 7. Devgad, 8. Vaibhavwadi
Government
 • BodySindhudurg Zilla Parishad
 • Guardian MinisterAnil Parab
Additional charge
(Cabinet Minister Mha)
 • President Z. P. SindhudurgNA
 • District CollectorMs. K. Manjulekshmi (IAS)
 • CEO Z. P. SindhudurgNA
 • MPsVinayak Raut
(Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg)
Area
 • Total5,207 km2 (2,010 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total849,651
 • Density160/km2 (420/sq mi)
 • Urban
12.59%
Demographics
 • Literacy85.56%
 • Sex ratio1,036
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH-66
Average annual precipitation3,287 mm
Websitesindhudurg.nic.in/en/
Map of Sindhudurg district with its talukas
Map of Sindhudurg district with its talukas
Tirlot Bridge, north of Amberi
Tirlot Bridge, north of Amberi

History


The word 'Konkan' is of Indian origin and considerable antiquity, though the origin of the name has never been definitively explained. The seven kingdoms of the Konkan of mythology are mentioned in the History of Kashmir and are said to have included nearly the whole west coast of India. The Pandavas are said to have passed through this region in the 13th year of their exile and to have settled in this area for some time. The Raja of this region, Veerat Ray, accompanied them in the war at Kurukshetra with the Kauravas.[3]

In the second century A.D., the Maurya Empire annexed the Konkan coast. In the middle of the sixth century, kings of the Maurya and Nala dynasties appear to have ruled in the Konkan. The district of Ratnagiri was under the Silahars, and the capital of their kingdom was probably Goa. Later it may have been relocated to a more central place in the vicinity of Ratnagiri or Kharepatan. Chandrapur was one of the most ancient towns in Konkan, probably founded by Chandraditya, son of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II.[3]

The 16th century saw the advent and rise of Portuguese power on the west coast of India and Sindhudurg was not immune. The sultan lost his hold on the district in 1675 with the rise of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and the district became part of the Maratha Empire. Marathas continued to rule the district till 1817, when the conflict between the British and the Peshwas concluded and the whole of Konkan was transferred to the British.[3]

In 1819 South Konkan was formed as separate district with its headquarters first at Bankot and later at Ratnagiri. Three northern subdivisions were transferred to Thane district in 1830 and the district was reduced to a sub-collectorate level under Thane district. In 1832, it was again made a full-fledged district and named Ratnagiri district. In the year 1945, a new Mahal (tahsil) called Kankavli Mahal (tahsil) was formed. The former Indian state of Sawantwadi was merged with the district and the taluka boundaries reorganized in the year 1949. In the same year the new taluka of Sawantwadi was created and two new mahals, Kudal and Lanja, were formed. With the reorganization of states in 1956, the district was included in Bombay State and since 1960, it is a part of Maharashtra. The name of the district has been adopted from the sea fort of Sindhudurg. This was built by Shivaji Maharaj near Malwan and its name literally means ‘Sea Fort’. Its construction started on 25 November 1664 and was completed in three years, designed such that it could not be seen easily by enemies coming from the Arabian Sea.[3]

Sindhudurg district is the southern part of the Konkan coast which is historically known for its long coast line and safe harbours. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of Ratnagiri district. For administrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development, Ratnagiri district was divided into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with effect from 1 May 1981. Sindhudurg district now comprises the eight tahsils of Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad, Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi and Dodamarg.


Geography


Sindhudurg district is the southern most district of Maharashtra.[4] It has deposits of Iron, Bauxite and Manganese.[4] Sindhudurg is bordered on the north by Ratnagiri district, on the south by the state of Goa, on the west by the Arabian Sea, and to the east across the crest of the Western Ghats or Sahyadris is Kolhapur district. Sindhudurg is part of the Konkan (coastal) region, a narrow coastal plain in western Maharashtra which lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.

Sindhudurg has a semi-tropical climate and remains warm and humid most of the year. It has three clear seasons: rainy (June–October), Winter (November–mid February) and Summer (mid February–May). Temperatures rise to a maximum of 32 °C and monsoon winds bring heavy rains (average rainfall 3240.10 mm).[citation needed]

The people of Sindhudurg district mostly speak Konkani and a distinct dialect of Konkani called "Malvani"; almost all are fluent in Marathi as well.


About the district


Sindhudurg district was established on 1 May 1981.

Tehsils and Panchayat Samiti:

  1. Dodamarg
  2. Sawantwadi
  3. Kudal
  4. Vengurla
  5. Malvan
  6. Kankavli
  7. Devgad
  8. Vaibhavwadi

Nagar Palika:

  1. Dodamarg
  2. kudal
  3. Sawantwadi
  4. Malvan
  5. Devgad-Jamsande
  6. Kankavli
  7. Vengurla

Cities:

  1. Sawantwadi
  2. Vaibhavwadi
  3. Malvan
  4. Kankavli
  5. Vengurla
  6. Kudal
  7. Oros
  8. Devgad
  9. Dodamarg

Smaller towns include :

  1. Dodamarg
  2. Vaibhavwadi
  3. Vijaydurg
  4. Banda
  5. Amboli
  6. Rameshwar
  7. Girye
  8. Mangaon
  9. Shiroda
  10. Mhapan
  11. Phondaghat
  12. Bhedshi
  13. Kot Kamte
  14. Kandalgaon
  15. Katta
  16. Talere
  17. Shirgaon
  18. Naringre
  19. Kharepatan
  20. Achara
  21. Sukalwad
  22. Khotale
  23. Hedul
  24. Vanygawde
  25. Kasal
  26. Pawashi
  27. Kadawal
  28. Trimbak
  29. Masure
  30. Bandiwade,(बांदिवडे) Malvan
  31. Jamsande
  32. Shiroda
  33. Ghonsari
  34. Hivale
  35. Poip
  36. Tirlot
  37. Navanagar
  38. Amberi
  39. Waghotan
  40. Tirawade
  41. Redi
  42. Talvade Gate
  43. Tale Bazar
  44. Salgaon
  45. Bhuibawada- Vaibhavwadi
  46. Kunkeshwar
  47. Katwan
  48. Phanasgaon
  49. Undil
  50. Manache-mutat
  51. Mathbudruk
  52. Budhavle
  53. Sanadave
  54. Masure
  55. Shivapur Kudal
  56. Ovaliye

Villages:

  1. Gothos

Agriculture


Sindhudurg's major crops are Rice, Coconut, Kokum, Mango and Cashew, of which the last three are the major annual crops.

The irrigated area in Sindhudurg is 23.48%, through wells and small canals. 33,910 hectares of the district's agricultural land are irrigated, while 104,390 hectares are not. 74% of the total land holding in the district is held by small and marginal farmers. The district has 38,643 hectares of forest cover.


Irrigation



Education



Economy



Cuisine


The cuisine of the district is popularly known as Malvani cuisine. Coconut, rice, and fish feature prominently in Malvani cuisine. Seafood, particularly Bangada, Paplet, prawns, and Tisrya, is very popular. Kombdi Vade, also called Vade Sagoti, a chicken savory, is the most popular dish. Others include Ukadya Tandulachi Pej (उकड्या तांदळाची पेज – a semi-fluid boiled brown-red rice Congee preparation) and Solkadhi (सोल कढी – A preparation made of sol (kokum) सोल and coconut milk). Dry fish is also a local delicacy - varieties include Sungata and Golma which are both dried prawn preparations.

Malvani cuisine differs from cuisines in the rest of Maharashtra, with dishes prepared using locally available spices and generally with little oil. Some popular Malvani dishes include

Mango is a major influence on the socioeconomic life of Sindhudurg. Alphonso Mango (हापुस आंबा ) varieties from Devgad are particularly popular. Other varieties of mango: Mankur (मानकुर), Goa Mankur, Keshar, Pāyari (पायरी), Karel (करेल – used for preparing Mango Pickle), and Rayval are also popular for their distinct taste. Jackfruit is also one of the most popular fruits of Sindhudurg.

Malvani cuisine also has many vegetarian dishes, including Garyache Sandan, Karmal pickle, Bimble, Amba Halad, Karadichi Bhakri, Kanyacha Sanja, Appe, Ghavan, Dalimichi Usual, and Kaju Usual, Raiwal Ambyacha Rayta, Yelapp.


Places of attraction



Tourist destinations



Temples



Beaches



Demographics


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901543,058—    
1911553,550+0.19%
1921531,211−0.41%
1931598,968+1.21%
1941637,574+0.63%
1951676,335+0.59%
1961724,817+0.69%
1971757,917+0.45%
1981780,891+0.30%
1991832,152+0.64%
2001868,825+0.43%
2011849,651−0.22%
source:[6]

According to the 2011 census Sindhudurg district has a population of 849,651,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Qatar[7] or the US state of South Dakota.[8] This gives it a population ranking of 474th in India (out of a total of 640).[2] The district has a population density of 163 inhabitants per square kilometre (420/sq mi) .[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was -2.21%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.54% and 0.82% of the population respectively.[2]

Sindhudurg has a sex ratio of 1037 females for every 1000 males, which is second highest in Maharashtra,[2] and a literacy rate of 85.56%.[2]

Religions in Sindhudurg district (2011)[9]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 91.85%
Islam
 
 3.09%
Buddhism
 
 2.91%
Christianity
 
 1.82%
Other or not stated
 
 0.33%

Languages in Sindhudurg district (2011)[10]

  Marathi (91.22%)
  Malwani (2.29%)
  Konkani (1.65%)
  Urdu (1.54%)
  Hindi (1.33%)
  Others (1.97%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.22% of the population spoke Marathi, 2.29% Malwani, 1.65% Konkani[lower-alpha 1], 1.54% Urdu, 1.33% Hindi as their first language.[10]

Population Literacy
Overall 8,49,651 85.56%
Male 4,17,890 91.58%
Female 4,50.935 79.81%

The district is largely rural, with 87.41% of population residing in rural areas.


Divisions


The eight talukas of this district are Devgad, Kankavli, Malvan, Kudal, Sawantwadi, Vengurla and Dodamarg and Vaibhavwadi.

There are three Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. These are Kankavli, Sawantwadi and Kudal. All of these are part of the Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency.[11]


Transportation


Sindhudurg is connected to the state capital Mumbai by road through the erstwhile National Highway 17 (NH-17), now renumbered as NH-66.[12] This highway also connects the district to neighbouring Goa and Karnataka. There are regular MSRTC and private luxury buses connecting to adjoining cities like Kolhapur (110 km away from Kankavli), Belgaum (90 km from Sawantwadi City), Panaji – Goa (55 km away Sawantwadi & Vengurle). Towns and major villages are well connected to Mumbai as a large percentage of emigrants from the district are based in the Mumbai area. The district is also well connected by Konkan Railway to Mumbai, Thane, Goa and other parts of the country like Mangalore, Karwar Ernakulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Hapa, Veraval, New Delhi, Jodhpur and Porbundar. The main railway stations on this route are Kudal, Kankavli and Sawantwadi. Many trains halt at these stations. The nearest major airport is Dabolim Airport in Goa which is around 80 km from cities like Sawantwadi, Kudal and Vengurle. Sindhudurg Airport at Chipi-Parule was inaugurated in 2019.[13]


References


  1. "Sindhudurg District Population Census 2011, Maharashtra literacy sex ratio and density". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  2. "District Census 2011". census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  3. "History". sindhudurg.nic.in.
  4. Swami, V.N. (2020). D.C.C. Bank Clerk Grade Examination (in Marathi). Latur , India: Vidyabharti Publication. p. 113.
  5. "Kunkeshwar Temple and Beach | Sindhudurg". Konkanonline.com. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  6. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  7. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Qatar 2,374,860 may 2015 est.
  8. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011. South Dakota 814,180
  9. "C-16 Population By Religion - Maharashtra". census.gov.in.
  10. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  11. "Election Commission, Maharashtra – No. of Voters 1.8.2006". maharashtra.gov.in. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  12. "NH in state renumbered". The Hindu. 21 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  13. "Work on Chipi airport takes off - Times of India". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  1. It seems some Konkani speakers were erronenously recorded as speaking Kukna in the census.


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На других языках

[de] Sindhudurg (Distrikt)

Der Distrikt Sindhudurg (Marathi: .mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:120%}@media all and (min-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:calc(120% - ((100vw - 800px)/80))}}@media all and (min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:100%}}सिंधुदुर्ग जिल्हा) ist einer von 35 Distrikten des Staates Maharashtra in Indien.
- [en] Sindhudurg district

[ru] Синдхудург (округ)

Синдхудург (маратх. सिंधुदुर्ग जिल्हा; англ. Sindhudurg) — округ в индийском штате Махараштра. Образован в 1981 году из части территории округа Ратнагири. Административный центр — город Орос. Площадь округа — 5207 км². По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 868 825 человек. Уровень грамотности взрослого населения составлял 80,3 %, что выше среднеиндийского уровня (59,5 %). Доля городского населения составляла 9,5 %.


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