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Warren County is a county located in the northeastern Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, on the northern border with Virginia, made famous for a landfill and birthplace of the environmental justice movement. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 18,642.[1] Its county seat is Warrenton.[2] It was a center of tobacco and cotton plantations, education, and later textile mills.

Warren County
U.S. county
County of Warren
Warren County Courthouse in Warrenton
Flag Seal Logo
Location within the U.S. state of North Carolina
North Carolina's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°24′N 78°06′W
Country	United States
State	North Carolina
Founded	1779
Named for	Joseph Warren
Seat	Warrenton
Largest town	Warrenton
Area
• Total	444 sq mi (1,150 km2)
• Land	428 sq mi (1,110 km2)
• Water	15 sq mi (40 km2)  3.4%
Population
• Estimate  (2020)	19,522
• Density	49/sq mi (19/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	1st
Website	www.warrencountync.com

History

The county was formed in 1779 from the northern half of Bute County. It was named for Joseph Warren of Massachusetts, a physician and general in the American Revolutionary War who was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Developed as a tobacco and cotton farming area, its county seat of Warrenton became a center of commerce and was one of the wealthiest towns in the state from 1840 to 1860. Many planters built fine homes there.[3]

In the later nineteenth century, the county developed textile mills. In 1881, parts of Warren County, Franklin County and Granville County were combined to form Vance County. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Warren County's continued reliance on agriculture slowed its development. Many residents migrated to cities for work.

Since the late 20th century, county residents have worked to attract other industrial and business development. Soul City, a "planned community" development, was funded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). It has not been successful in attracting business and industry, and has not developed as much housing as intended.[4]

Warren County PCB Landfill

Beginning in 1982, Warren County was the site of the Warren County PCB Landfill. The state of North Carolina evaluated 90 different locations before determining Warren County was the best available site for the PCB landfill. As described in a General Accounting Office (GAO) report published on June 1, 1983, North Carolina wanted the landfill to be in an area bounded by the counties where the PCB spills had occurred, with a minimum area of 16 acres (6.5 ha), isolated from highly populated areas, and accessible by road with a deeded right-of-way.[5] The site of the Warren County PCB landfill at the time of the 1980 census was 66% black. Additionally, the area had a mean family income of $10,367 (amongst the lowest of any of the 90 sites considered), and 90% of the black population was living under the poverty level.[5]

The final two locations for the landfill came down to Warren County and a county called Chatham that was eventually dropped because it was publicly owned land. On July 2, 1982, the NAACP made a final attempt to block the creation of the landfill on the basis of racial discrimination. Their plea was denied by the Federal District court stating that race was not an issue because "throughout all the Federal and State hearings and private party suits, it was never suggested that race was a motivating factor in the location of the landfill".[5] In response to the court's decision to make Warren County the site of the PCB landfill, protests ensued. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) staged a massive protest where more than 500 protesters were arrested.[6] Not only did the protest impact the community itself, but it emerged as the birthplace of many environmental justice studies in regard to hazardous waste facilities being placed in minority communities. Without the protests and displeasures that the African Americans voiced in Warren County, the United Church of Christ would not have studied the implicit bias found while examining where hazardous waste facilities were placed all over the United States.

Five years later, the United Church of Christ published a report that race was the most significant factor in determining where hazardous waste facilities would be placed. Finding 3 out of every 5 African Americans and Hispanics live in a community housing a toxic waste site. This led to both Presidents George Bush Sr. and Bill Clinton to implement policy to make sure that waste sites would not be placed in completely minority neighborhoods.[6] The site was not made safe until 2004.[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 444 square miles (1,150 km²), of which 428 square miles (1,110 km²) is land and 15 square miles (39 km²) (3.4%) is water.[8]

State and local protected area

• Kerr Lake State Recreation Area (part)

Major water bodies

• Big Stone House Creek
• Cabin Branch
• Fishing Creek
• Hawtree Creek
• John H. Kerr Reservoir
• Jorden Creek
• Lake Gaston
• Phoebes Creek
• Possumquarter Creek
• Reedy Creek
• Roanoke River
• Sandy Creek
• Shocco Creek
• Sixpound Creek
• Smith Creek
• Walkers Creek

Adjacent counties

• Brunswick County, Virginia - north
• Northampton County - northeast
• Halifax County - east
• Franklin County - south
• Vance County - west
• Mecklenburg County, Virginia - northwest
• Nash County- southeast

Major highways

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	9,379		—
1800	11,284		20.3%
1810	11,004		−2.5%
1820	11,158		1.4%
1830	11,877		6.4%
1840	12,919		8.8%
1850	13,912		7.7%
1860	15,726		13.0%
1870	17,768		13.0%
1880	22,619		27.3%
1890	19,360		−14.4%
1900	19,151		−1.1%
1910	20,266		5.8%
1920	21,593		6.5%
1930	23,364		8.2%
1940	23,145		−0.9%
1950	23,539		1.7%
1960	19,652		−16.5%
1970	15,810		−19.6%
1980	16,232		2.7%
1990	17,265		6.4%
2000	19,972		15.7%
2010	20,972		5.0%
2020	18,642		−11.1%
2021 (est.)	18,762	[9]	0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[10] 1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12] 1990-2000[13] 2010-2013[14] 2020[15]

2020 census

Warren County racial composition[16]

Race	Number	Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)	7,209	38.67%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	9,049	48.54%
Native American	953	5.11%
Asian	62	0.33%
Pacific Islander	4	0.02%
Other/Mixed	626	3.36%
Hispanic or Latino	739	3.96%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 18,642 people, 7,786 households, and 4,589 families residing in the county.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 20,972 people living in the county. 52.3% were Black or African American, 38.8% White, 5.0% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 2.0% of some other race and 1.6% of two or more races. 3.3% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 19,972 people, 7,708 households, and 5,449 families living in the county. The population density was 47 people per square mile (18/km²). There were 10,548 housing units at an average density of 25 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 54.49% Black or African American, 38.90% White, 4.79% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. 1.59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 7,708 households, out of which 28.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 17.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.30% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,351, and the median income for a family was $33,602. Males had a median income of $26,928 versus $20,787 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,716. About 15.70% of families and 19.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.90% of those under age 18 and 20.80% of those age 65 or over.

Warren County is heavily populated by the Haliwa-Saponi, descendants of a long existing tri-racial isolate deeply rooted in the area.

Government and politics

The county favors Democratic candidates over Republicans. In the 2004 election, the county's voters favored Democrat John F. Kerry over Republican George W. Bush by 65% to 35%.[18]

United States presidential election results for Warren County, North Carolina[19]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	3,752	36.45%	6,400	62.18%	141	1.37%
2016	3,214	32.66%	6,413	65.16%	215	2.18%
2012	3,140	30.90%	6,978	68.67%	44	0.43%
2008	3,063	30.04%	7,086	69.50%	46	0.45%
2004	2,840	35.38%	5,171	64.42%	16	0.20%
2000	2,202	32.41%	4,576	67.34%	17	0.25%
1996	1,861	29.36%	4,141	65.33%	337	5.32%
1992	1,767	24.80%	4,656	65.35%	702	9.85%
1988	2,163	33.64%	4,249	66.09%	17	0.26%
1984	2,664	40.25%	3,946	59.63%	8	0.12%
1980	1,582	29.13%	3,750	69.06%	98	1.80%
1976	1,427	30.79%	3,185	68.72%	23	0.50%
1972	2,603	59.62%	1,698	38.89%	65	1.49%
1968	796	14.79%	2,293	42.60%	2,294	42.62%
1964	1,909	40.12%	2,849	59.88%	0	0.00%
1960	717	19.31%	2,997	80.69%	0	0.00%
1956	718	20.81%	2,733	79.19%	0	0.00%
1952	664	18.32%	2,960	81.68%	0	0.00%
1948	192	6.93%	2,376	85.75%	203	7.33%
1944	242	8.89%	2,480	91.11%	0	0.00%
1940	247	8.45%	2,676	91.55%	0	0.00%
1936	140	4.39%	3,047	95.61%	0	0.00%
1932	110	3.96%	2,661	95.82%	6	0.22%
1928	379	15.69%	2,037	84.31%	0	0.00%
1924	166	8.43%	1,742	88.43%	62	3.15%
1920	295	13.66%	1,865	86.34%	0	0.00%
1916	227	15.72%	1,217	84.28%	0	0.00%
1912	112	9.78%	987	86.20%	46	4.02%

In the 2004 governor's race, Warren County supported Democrat Mike Easley by 74% to 25% over Republican Patrick J. Ballantine.[20] Warren County is represented in the North Carolina House of Representatives by Rep. Michael H. Wray (D-Gaston) in District 27 and in the North Carolina Senate by Sen. Doug Berger (D-Youngsville) in District 3. It also forms part of the 1st congressional district, which seat is held by U.S. Rep. G. K. Butterfield (D).

Warren County has a council-manager government, governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners. County commissioners are elected to staggered four-year terms and represent one of five single-member districts of roughly equal population. The council hires a county manager for daily administration.

District	Name	First elected	Next election	Position
1	Barry Richardson	2004	2012	Chairman
2	Ulysses S. Ross	2002	2010	Vice Chairman
3	Ernest Fleming	2006	2010
4	Bill Davis	2006	2010
5	Jennifer Jordan	2008	2012

Warren County is a member of the Kerr-Tar Regional Council of Governments.

Communities

Towns

• Macon
• Norlina
• Warrenton (county seat and largest town)

Unincorporated communities

Notable people

• Braxton Bragg, Confederate General
• Thomas Bragg, Confederate Attorney General, North Carolina governor
• Eva Clayton, Congresswoman
• Kirkland Donald, United States Navy Admiral, fifth Director of the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program
• Benjamin Hawkins, U.S. senator, Superintendent for Indian Affairs (1798-1818)
• John H. Kerr, Congressman
• Nathaniel Macon, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. senator
• William Miller, North Carolina governor
• Reynolds Price, professor emeritus of English at Duke University, major author and essayist of the South
• Matt Ransom, US senator, Confederate general
• Robert Ransom, Confederate general
• Gladys Smithwick, physician, medical missionary in China and the Belgian Congo
• James Turner, North Carolina governor

See also

• List of North Carolina counties
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, North Carolina

References

External links

• Warren County government official website
• Chamber of Commerce of Warren County
• The Warren Record

На других языках

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[de] Warren County (North Carolina)

Warren County[1] ist ein County im Bundesstaat North Carolina der Vereinigten Staaten. Der Verwaltungssitz (County Seat) ist Warrenton.

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- [en] Warren County, North Carolina

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[ru] Уоррен (округ, Северная Каролина)

Округ Уоррен (англ. Warren County) располагается в США, штате Северная Каролина. Официально образован в 1779 году. По состоянию на 2010 год, численность населения составляла 20 972 человек. Получил своё название в честь американского политического деятеля времен Американской революции Джозефа Уоррена.

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