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Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the North western part of the state and is bounded by Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana in the north, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, Anantapur district in the south and Nandyal district in the east. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. It has a population of 4,053,463 of which 28.35% were urban as of 2011.[3]^: 14

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Kurnool district
District of Andhra Pradesh
Clockwise from top: Konda Reddy Fort, Raghavendra Matha at Mantralayam, Sangameshwara Temple, Tungabhadra near Kurnool, Boulders at Adoni Hills
Location of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates: 15.811833°N 77.9697606°E / 15.811833; 77.9697606
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Region	Rayalaseema
Headquarters	Kurnool
Administrative Divisions	3 Revenue divisions 25 Mandalas 898 Villages (870 inhabited, 28 uninhabited) 8 Towns (5 statutory, 3 census)
Government
• District collector	Kotteshwara rao, IAS
• Lok Sabha	Lok Sabha list Kurnool Nandyal
• Assembly	Assembly list Adoni Allagadda Alur Banaganapalle Dhone Kodumur (SC) Kurnool Mantralayam Nandikotkur (SC) Nandyal Panyam Pattikonda Srisailam Yemmiganur
Area
• Total	7,977 km2 (3,080 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[1]
• Total	2,271,686
• Density	280/km2 (740/sq mi)
• Sex ratio	988 (females per 1,000 males)
Languages
• Official	Telugu
Literacy
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number	518xxx
Area codes	+91–8518
ISO 3166 code	IN-AP
Vehicle registration	AP-21 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[2]
Website	kurnool.ap.gov.in

History

The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Kurnool).[4] Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta[5] and Yaganti in the district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Belum Caves are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at Anantapur. Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.[6]

Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy (Anantapur District), the sixth President of India has served as Member of Parliament from Nandyal constituency. He previously served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, serving as an MLA from the Dhone assembly constituency. In 1970, part of Kurnool district was split off to become part of Prakasam district.[7] Kurnool District is a part of the Red Corridor.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Kurnool district occupies an area of approximately 8,507 square kilometres (3,285 sq mi).[8] Kurnool is surrounded by districts of Mahbubnagar district of Telangana to the north, Anantapur district, to south, Nandyal district to east and Bellary of Karnataka to the west. The district includes the Srisailam Dam and a part of the Nallamala Hills, the rest of it lying in Prakasam district, Nandyal district, Kadapa district, and Nellore district.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	950,655	—
1911	1,035,333	+0.86%
1921	987,117	−0.48%
1931	1,120,650	+1.28%
1941	1,222,993	+0.88%
1951	1,315,499	+0.73%
1961	1,570,955	+1.79%
1971	1,982,090	+2.35%
1981	2,407,299	+1.96%
1991	2,973,024	+2.13%
2001	3,529,494	+1.73%
2011	4,053,463	+1.39%
source:[9]

According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a population of 4,053,463,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[10] or the US state of Oregon.[11] This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. Kurnool has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.97%.[3]

After bifurcation the district had a population of 22,71,686. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 4,15,120 (18.27%) and 30,047 (1.32%) of the population respectively.[3]^: 77–81

At the time of the 2011 census, 79.39% of the population spoke Telugu, 13.62% Urdu and 4.77% Kannada as their first language.[13]

Household indicators

In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1247 households in 38 villages across the district.[15] They found that 94% had access to electricity, 89.7% had drinking water, 34.6% toilet facilities, and 51.6% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[15] 30.6% of girls wed before the legal age of 18[16] and 85.1% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[15]

Governance

Legislative Assembly constituencies

Parliament constituency	Constituency number	Assembly constituency	Reserved for (SC/ST/None)	Mandals
Kurnool	137	Kurnool	None	Kurnool Part
	143	Kodumur	SC	Kodumur, Gudur, C.Belagal, Kurnool part
	144	Yemmiganur	None	Yemmiganur, Gonegandla, Nandavaram
	145	Mantralayam	None	Mantralayam, Kosigi, Kowthalam, Pedda Kadabur
	146	Adoni	None	Adoni
	147	Alur	None	Alur, Aspari, Holagunda, Devanakonda, Chippagiri, Halaharvi
	142	Pattikonda	None	Pattikonda, Veldurthy, Maddikera, Krishnagiri, Tuggali

Courts

Civil court seat	Jurisdiction
Kurnool	Kurnool, Kallur, Gudur, Orvakal, C.belagal, Gonegandla
Adoni	Adoni, Kowthalam
Yemmiganur	Yemmiganur, Mantralayam, Nandavaram
Dhone	Dhone, Veldurthy, Peapully, Krishnagiri
Atmakur	Atmakur, Pamulapadu, Velugodu, Kothapalle, Srisailam
Nandikotkur	Nandikotkur, Pagidyala, Jupadu Bunglow, Midthur
Koilakuntla	Koilakuntla, Dornipadu, Kolimigundla, Uyyalawada, Sanjamala
Pattikonda	Pattikonda, Devanakonda, Maddikera, Tuggali
Alur	Alur, Aspari, Holagunda, Chippagiri, Halaharvi, Kosigi, Peddakadabur

Road Transportation Office

RTO/MVI Office	Jurisdiction mandals
Kurnool	Kurnool, Kallur, Orvakal, Kodumur, Gudur, C.Belagal, Nandikotkur, Pagidyala, Midthur, Jupadu Bunglow,
Adoni	Adoni, Yemmiganur, Gonegandla, Nandavaram, Alur, Aspari, Holagunda, Devanakonda, Chippagiri, Halaharvi, Mantralayam, Kosigi, Kowthalam, Pedda Kadabur, Pattikonda, Maddikera, Tuggali
Dhone	Dhone, Bethamcherla, Veldurthi, Peapully, Krishnagiri
Atmakur	Atmakur, Pamulapadu, Kothapalle, Velugodu, Srisailam

Administrative divisions

Kurnool district has three Revenue divisions viz. Kurnool, Adoni and Pattikonda. The district has 26 mandals and 53 Panchayat Samitis (Blocks) under these revenue divisions. There are 899 gram panchayats that include 7 notified and 862 non-notified, alongside 920 revenue villages and 615 hamlets.[17] Sri P Koteswara Rao, I.A.S., is the current Collector & District Magistrate[18]

Mandals

The mandals are listed with respect to their revenue divisions in the following table[19]

#	Kurnool Division	Adoni Division	Pattikonda Division
1	Kallur	Adoni	Halaharvi
2	Orvakal	Mantralayam	Alur
3	C.Belagal	Pedda kadabur	Aspari
4	Gudur	Kosigi	Devanakonda
5	Kurnool Urban	Kowthalam	Chippagiri
6	Kurnool Rural	Holagunda	Pattikonda
7	Kodumur	Yemmiganur	Maddikera (East)
8	Veldurthi	Nandavaram	Tuggali
9		Gonegandla	Krishnagiri

Kurnool district chronicle

• During Independence, Kurnool District was without Adoni, Yemmiganur, Alur Talukas. But It had Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem Talukas.
• Later in 1953 Andhra State was formed and Talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District form Bellary District. Remaining Rayalaseema district of Bellary was merged with Karnataka.
• In 1970, new Prakasam District was formed carving out, Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from Kurnool District. Then Kurnool district was remained with 13 Talukas.

Before Formation of Mandal System in 1985, Administration was done through Taluka system. 13 Talukas were present in Kurnool district in 1985 viz.,

Erstwhile taluka system in 1971	Newly formed taluka system in 1978	New mandals formed in 1985
Kurnool	Kurnool	Kurnool [ part ], Kallur, Orvakal
	Kodumur [12]	Kodumur, Gudur, C.Belagal, Kurnool [ part ]
Nandikotkur	Nandikotkur	Nandikotkur, Midthur, Pagidyala, Jupadu Bungalow
Atmakur	Atmakur	Atmakur, Pamulapadu, Kothapalle, Velugodu, Srisailam
Nandyal	Nandyal	Nandyal, Panyam, Gadivemula, Bandi Atmakur, Mahanandi
Allagadda	Allagadda	Allagadda, Sirvella, Chagalamarri, Rudravaram, Gospadu
Koilakuntla	Koilakuntla	Koilakuntla, Sanjamala, Uyyalawada, Dornipadu, Owk [Part]
Banaganapalle	Banaganapalle	Banaganapalle, Owk [Part]
Dhone	Dhone	Dhone, Bethamcherla, Veldurthi, Peapully, Krishnagiri
Pattikonda	Pattikonda	Pattikonda, Devanakonda, Gonegandla, Maddikera, Tuggali, Aspari [ part ]
Adoni	Adoni	Adoni, Kosigi, Kowthalam, PeddaKadabur [ part ]
	Yemmiganur [13]	Yemmiganur, Mantralayam, Nandavaram, PeddaKadabur [ part ]
Alur	Alur	Alur, Chippagiri, Halaharvi, Holagunda, Aspari [ part ]

These 13 were the erstwhile Talukas in Kurnool district in 1985 before the formation of mandal systems.

Cities and towns

It also has a Municipal Corporation of Kurnool and 3 municipalities namely, Adoni, Yemmiganur, Gudur.[20]

Kurnool District has 10 Urban Local Bodies, which are divided into 1 Municipal Corporation, 7 Municipalities, 2 Nagar Panchayats.

Municipal bodies in Kurnool district

City / Town	Civic status of municipal body	Municipality formed	No. of Wards	2011 Census population	2001 Census population	1991 Census population	1981 Census population	1971 Census population	1961 Census population	1951 Census population	1941 Census population
Kurnool	Municipal Corporation	1866	52	4,84,372	342,122	275,360	206,362	136,710	100,815	60,222	45,250
Adoni	Special Municipality	1865	42	184,625	162,485	136,182	108,939	85,311	69,951	53,583	35,431
Yemmiganur	Grade - 1 Municipality	1965	34	95,149	76,411	65,089	50,701	30,265	21,051	15,896	12,670
Gudur	Nagar Panchayat	2011	20	22,270	19,805	16,515	12,466	10,915	9,078	--	--

Erstwhile talukas in Kurnool district (Non Municipality)

Name	Civic status of town	2011 Census population	2001 Census population	1991 Census population	1981 Census population	1971 Census population	1961 Census population
Pattikonda	Grama Panchayat	29,342	24,342	19,286	14,247	12,234	9,596
Kodumur	Grama Panchayat	28,828	25,385	19,157	14,501	11,903	9,236
Koilakuntla	Grama Panchayat	23,859	19,735	15,209	12,493	10,157	8,179
Alur	Grama Panchayat	14,427	11,823	10,703	8,161	7,354	6,870

Mandal HQ with more than 10,000 population

Name	Municipal body	2011 Census population
Kosigi	Grama Panchayat	23,126
Velugodu	Grama Panchayat	23,048
Chagalamarri	Grama Panchayat	21,289
Sirvella	Grama Panchayat	18,478
Veldurthi	Grama Panchayat	17,890
Gonegandla	Grama Panchayat	16,691
Maddikera	Grama Panchayat	15,328
Peapully	Grama Panchayat	15,200
Holagunda	Grama Panchayat	14,593
Panyam	Grama Panchayat	14,565
Owk	Grama Panchayat	11,760
Kowthalam	Grama Panchayat	11,670
Nandavaram	Grama Panchayat	11,654
C.Belagal	Grama Panchayat	11,164
Mantralayam	Grama Panchayat	10,613
Devanakonda	Grama Panchayat	10,493
Srisailam	Census Town	10,288

Remaining of census towns

Town	Mandal	Civic status of town	2011 Census population
Srisailam Project [Sunnipenta]	Srisailam	Census Town	21,452
Thummalamenta	Kolimigundla	Census Town	12,373
Ramapuram	Owk	Census Town	6,614

Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹34,359 crore (US$4.3 billion) and it contributes 6.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹68,197 (US$850). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹12,035 crore (US$1.5 billion), ₹6,055 crore (US$760 million) and ₹16,269 crore (US$2.0 billion) respectively.[21]

Transport

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The section is written more like a list and not a reading. (March 2021)

Roads

The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,169 km (726 mi).[22]

NH - 44 = Srinagar to Kanyakumari. [North-South Economic Corridor]

• Total length of highway is 3,806 km.
• 250 km of this highway passes through Andhra Pradesh.
• 93 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool District

NH - 40 = Kurnool to Ranipet. [Rayalaseema Expressway]

• Total length of highway is 408 km.
• 390 km of this highway is passing in the Andhra Pradesh.
• 142 km of this highway passes through Kurnool District.

NH - 167 = Ballari to Kodad

• Total length of Highway is 483 km
• 94 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 94 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

NH - 544D = Anantapuramu to Guntur

• Total length of Highway is 417 km
• 417 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 118 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
• An alternative route to this highway is under paperwork, called Anantapuram - Amaravathi Expressway which is called as NH-544F

NH - 67 = Ramnagar to Krishnapatnam Port

• Total length of Highway is 770 km
• 380 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 28 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

NH - 340C = Kurnool to Dornala

• Total length of Highway is 132 km
• 132 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 100 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

NH - 340B = Dhone to Somayajulapalli

• Total length of Highway is 53 km
• 53 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 53 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

NH - 167K = Nandyal to Kalwakurthy

• Total length of Highway is 175 km
• 86 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
• 86 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

And also Some State Highways also present in Kurnool District.

Railways

Kurnool District is served by Good Railway Connectivity.

1. Hyderabad Division of South Central Railway,
2. Guntakal Division of South Coastal Railway,
3. Guntur Division of South Coastal Railway serves in Kurnool District.

Major lines passing through the district.

• Vijayawada - Hubli Railway Line
• Secunderabad - Bengaluru Railway Line
• Chennai - Mumbai Railway line Passes through the District.

Major Stations

• Dhone JN Railway station [Guntakal Division]
• Kurnool City Railway Station [Hyderabad Division]
• Adoni Railway Station [Guntakal Division]
• Nandyal JN Railway Station [Guntur Division]

Airways

Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Airport [Kurnool Airport] was opened on March 28, 2021. Commercial Flights Started to Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam, Chennai Cities.

Nearest International Airports from Kurnool

1. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad. = 195 km.
2. Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru. = 335 km.
3. Chennai International Airport, Chennai = 450 km.
4. Tirupati International Airport, Tirupati = 330 km.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[23][24] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,179 schools. They include, 78 government, 2,398 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1,355 private, 33 model, 53 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 140 municipal and 121 other types of schools.[25] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 631,740.[26]

Tourism

Kurnool District has many pilgrimage centers

1. Srisailam
2. Mantralayam
3. Orvakal Rock Gardens
4. City Forest [ Gargeyapuram ]
5. Yaganti
6. Banaganapalli Nawab Bungalow
7. Belum Caves
8. Kolanu Bharathi Temple
9. Adoni Lakshmamma avva Temple
10. Urukunda Eranna Swamy Temple
11. Maddileti Swamy Temple
12. Velugodu Reservoir
13. Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary
14. Nandavaram Temple
15. Sanjeevaiah Sagar(Gajuladinne Project)

Sources

Population of towns in 1941 were taken from 1991 census book from page no.132,133 and 2011 Census hand book page no.919.

Population of every town is mentioned with proof from census books given below.

1951 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6419/1/50120_1951_KUR.pdf

1961 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2721/1/21648_1961_KUR.pdf

1971 Census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2841/1/39378_1971_KUR.pdf

1981 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2915/1/27365_1981_KUR.pdf

1991 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2935/1/39295_1991_KUR.pdf

2001 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2992/1/37985_2001_KUR.pdf

2011 census kurnool district - https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_A_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf

Notable people

• Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister
• Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy, freedom fighter
• P. S. Ramakrishna Rao, director, writer
• Damodaram Sanjivayya, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister

References

External links

• Official website

На других языках

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[de] Kurnool (Distrikt)

Kurnool (Telugu: కర్నూల్ జిల్లా, Urdu: .mw-parser-output .Arab a,.mw-parser-output a bdi.Arab{text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .Arab{font-size:120%}کُرنول ضلع) ist ein Distrikt im Bundesstaat Andhra Pradesh in Indien. Hauptort des Distrikts ist Karnul.

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- [en] Kurnool district

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[ru] Карнул (округ)

Карну́л (телугу కర్నూలు జిల్లా; англ. Kurnool) — округ на западе индийского штата Андхра-Прадеш. Административный центр — город Карнул. Площадь округа — 17 658 км². По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 3 529 494 человека. Уровень грамотности взрослого населения составлял 53,2 %, что ниже среднеиндийского уровня (59,5 %). Доля городского населения составляла 23,2 %.

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