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Bellary, officially known as Ballari[4] (pronounced [ˈbəɭɭari]), is a major district in Karnataka. It is located at north-eastern part of Karnataka. This district belongs to Kalyana-Karnataka. This district was one of the biggest districts in Karnataka until the Vijayanagara district was carved out of Ballari district in 2021 officially.

Bellary district
Ballari district
Bellary Fort
Bellary district
Location in Karnataka
Coordinates: 15.1500°N 76.9333°E / 15.1500; 76.9333
Country India
State Karnataka
DivisionKalaburagi
MPY. Devendrappa
HeadquartersBallari
Government
 • TypeZilla Panchayat of Bellary District
 • District CommissionerPavan Kumar Malapati
Area
 • Total8,450 km2 (3,260 sq mi)
Elevation
449 m (1,473 ft)
Population
[1]
 • Total1,099,372[2][3]
Demonym(s)Ballarinavaru,Ballarivallu, Ballarian
Language
 • OfficialKannada
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
583101
Telephone codeBellary:08392
Vehicle registrationKA 34
Websiteballari.nic.in/en/

This district has the highest deposits of iron ore in India.

Historical sites, farm land and rich minerals characterize Ballari district. Recently making headlines with mining industry, Ballari, the district's capital, is known as Steel City and Gani Nadu (City of Mining).


History


Main article: History of Bellary

Earlier Ballari district was part of Madras presidency. The area was severely affected by the Great Famine of 1876–78. After Indian independence, when the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines, Ballari became part of the Kalyana-Karnataka region of the state of Karnataka, now renamed as Kalyana-Karnataka. In 1882, Anantapur District was formed by carving out from Bellary district and in 2021, Vijayanagara district was separated from Ballari officially.


Geography


Bellary district is spread from southwest to northeast and is situated on the eastern side of Karnataka state. The district is 15° 30’ and 15°50’ north latitude and 75° 40’ and 77° 11’ east longitude. The geographical area is 8447 km2.

This district is bounded by Raichur District on the north, Koppal District, Vijayanagara district on the west, Chitradurga District and Davanagere District on the south, and Anantapur District and Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh on the east.

The normal rainfall is 639  mm.


Assembly and Parliament constituencies


The district consists of one Lok Sabha constituency (Bellary, reserved for STs) and five Karnataka Legislative Assembly constituencies. These are

91. Kampli (ST)

92. Siruguppa (ST)

93. Bellary (ST)

94. Bellary City

95. Sandur (ST)

The Assembly constituency of Siruguppa is part of the parliamentary constituency of Koppal.


Economy


The major occupation of this district is agriculture and 75% of its total labour force is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. The important crops grown are cotton, jowar, groundnuts, rice, sunflowers and cereals. The net irrigated area is 37% of the net area sown.

As of 1998, the main source of irrigation is Tungabhadra Dam (presently in Vijayanagara district). The canal network accounts for 64% of the district's irrigated area. Important rivers are Tungabhadra, Hagari and Chikkahagari. The western taluks of the district have been plagued by low rainfall for successive years. However, during the current and preceding years, heavy rains have created havoc in the district leaving many in the lurch.


Industries


Bellary district is rich in natural resources that need to be tapped to a great extent for the overall development of the district. This district is endowed with rich mineral resources. It has both metallic and non-metallic minerals. The metallic minerals include iron ore, manganese ore, gold, copper and lead. The non-metallic minerals include andalusite, asbestos, corundum, clay, dolomite, limestone, limekankan, molding sand, quartz, soap stone, granite and red ochre. The metallic minerals are abundant is only two talukas, Sanduru and Bellary in the order of mining activity intensity. The annual production of Iron ore is anywhere between 2.75 and 4.5 million tonnes, and manganese ore between 0.13 million tonnes to 0.30 million tonnes (1991).The real estate prices have already started to shoot as more and more industries are finding their way into this city. Bellary to its credit has the second largest single rock mountain in the world.[5]


Mining


Bellary district has 25% of India's iron ore reserves. Till 1994 handful of mining companies operated here including state-owned NMDC. Later Govt issued mining licenses to many private operators. Mining Industry boomed with a surge in Iron Ore prices due to demand from emerging China. Mining license allocation policy from Central govt was based on Political Nepotism rather than merit. Flawed mining policy leads to widespread illegal mining. Since the year 2000 money from illegal money flowed into electoral politics of Karnataka State. This led to the emergence of powerful Reddy Brothers to state politics. Reddy brothers fueled money from illegal mining into politics, thereby King Makers of Karnataka State politics. Ombudsman's report on mining in Karnataka state found that the promoters of privately owned mining companies in the Bellary region paid off politicians, and then joined politics themselves, rising to positions in the Karnataka state government. These mining businessmen-turned-politicians exerted so much influence over the local officials that the Indian media began describing Bellary as a "new republic".[6][7]

Despite the availability of minerals in large quantities, this district is considered to be an industrially backward district. There are 23 units of large and medium scale industries in this district with an investment of Rs.447.76 crores employing around 9,222 persons At present it occupies ninth place in the state. Sathavahana Ispat Ltd. is the first Pig Iron plant set up in the region to utilize the abundant iron ore reserves available, Kirloskar was the next to follow with their Pig Iron plant. However, with the commissioning of Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited at Tornagallu, the industry scenario of this district underwent sea changes. It is understood that Mukand Steels and Kalyani Steels have started industries in this area. The inflow of investment into these industries would be around Rs.30,000 Crores. The district will, therefore, come under heavy pressure on basic infrastructure such as power, communication, health, education, and police stations which again invite heavy investment to create the needed infrastructure. Urgent action is needed to pool the resources under various sectors such as District Sector, State sector, Border Area Development, HKDB etc., and prepare a perspective plan to the emerging challenges. However, the mining industry in Bellary has caused devastating environmental damage and subsequent socioeconomic crises. Therefore, courts in Karnataka have ordered the reclamation of the region.[8]


Demographics


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901512,624—    
1911507,800−0.09%
1921440,660−1.41%
1931493,701+1.14%
1941544,113+0.98%
1951656,079+1.89%
1961786,556+1.83%
1971976,972+2.19%
19811,305,624+2.94%
19911,656,000+2.41%
20012,027,140+2.04%
20112,452,595+1.92%
source:[9]

According to the 2011 census Bellary district has a population of 2,452,595,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[10] or the US state of Nevada.[11] This gives it a ranking of 168th in India (out of a total of 640).[3] The district has a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi) .[3] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.92%.[3] Bellary has a sex ratio of 978 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 67.85%.[3] Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.1% and 18.4% of the population respectively. Most of the tribals in Bellary district belong to the Boya or Valmiki community, which is listed as a Scheduled Tribe in the state.

Languages spoken as of 2011 census, Kannada (47.2%), Telugu (23.5%), Urdu (18.6%), Others (10.7%).[3]


Tourism



Transport


Ballari railway station
Ballari railway station

By Air


The nearest airport is Vidyanagar Airport. The airport is connected with Bangalore and Hyderabad daily. A new airport is under construction in the outskirts of Bellary city.


By Rail


The district has main junction at Bellary station, which falls under Hubli division.


By Road


The district has main National Highway 67 and NH 150A. The district is connected with Jewargi-Chamrajanagar Highway. KKRTC run buses in Bellary District.


Politics



Demand for a separate district


People of Hospet, led by Forest Minister and Ballari in-charge MLA Anand Singh, demanded bifurcation of Bellary district into Vijayanagar and Bellary districts. In November 2020, the cabinet approved the division of the district into Bellary and Vijayanagara district. Bellary district consists of Bellary, Kampli, Sandur, Siruguppa and Kurugodu taluks while Vijayanagara district consists of Hospet, Harappanahalli, Huvina Hadagali, Kottur, Hagaribommanahalli and Kudligi taluks.[12]


See also



References


  1. "Cabinet approves boundaries of Vijayanagara district". The Hindu. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  2. "Demography | Ballari District, Government of Karnataka | India".
  3. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  4. "Bangalore, 11 other cities will get new names | Bengaluru News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  5. "Bellary Karnataka state report_2012.pdf" (PDF). mospi.nic.in. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  6. India mining scandal: G Janardhana Reddy remanded
  7. Why mining in India is a source of corruption?
  8. "A ravaged earth and the long wait for relief". Deccan Herald. 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  9. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  10. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Kuwait 2,595,62
  11. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nevada 2,700,551
  12. "Cabinet approves boundaries of Vijayanagara district". The Hindu. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bellary district.

На других языках

[de] Ballari (Distrikt)

Der Distrikt Ballari (zuvor Bellary; Kannada: ಬಳ್ಳರಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) ist ein Distrikt des indischen Bundesstaates Karnataka. Verwaltungssitz ist die namensgebende Stadt Ballari (Bellary).
- [en] Bellary district

[ru] Беллари (округ)

Беллари (канн. ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ; англ. Bellary) — округ в индийском штате Карнатака. Административный центр — город Беллари. Площадь округа — 8450 км². По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 2 027 140 человек. Уровень грамотности взрослого населения составлял 57,4 %, что немного ниже среднеиндийского уровня (59,5 %). Доля городского населения составляла 34,9 %.


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