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Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська́ о́бласть, romanized: Kharkivska oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Ха́рківщина), is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

Kharkiv Oblast Харківська область
Oblast
Kharkivska oblast[1]
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname:  Харківщина (Kharkivshchyna)
Coordinates: 49.59°N 36.43°E / 49.59; 36.43
Country	Ukraine
Administrative center	Kharkiv
Government
• Governor	Oleh Synyehubov
• Oblast council	120 seats
Area
• Total	31,415 km2 (12,129 sq mi)
• Rank	Ranked 4th
Population  (2021)[2]
• Total	2,633,834
• Rank	Ranked 3rd
Demographics
• Official language(s)	Ukrainian
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	61-64
Area code	+380-57
ISO 3166 code	UA-63
Vehicle registration	AX
Raions	7[3]
Cities (total)	17
• Regional cities	7
Urban-type settlements	61
Villages	1683
FIPS 10-4	UP07
Website	www.kharkivoda.gov.ua

The oblast is the third most populous province of Ukraine, with a population of 2,633,834 in 2021, more than half (1.43 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.[2] While the Russian language is primarily spoken in the cities of Kharkiv oblast, elsewhere in the oblast most inhabitants speak Ukrainian.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

The oblast borders Russia (Belgorod Oblast) to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west.

History

During the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929, in 1925, the Kharkov Governorate was abolished leaving its five okruhas: Okhtyrka (originally Bohodukhiv), Izyum, Kupyansk, Sumy, and Kharkiv. Introduced in the Soviet Union in 1923, a similar subdivisions existed in Ukraine back in 1918. In 1930 all okruhas were also abolished with raions becoming the first level of subdivision of Ukraine until 1932.

The modern Kharkiv Oblast was established on 27 February 1932. In the summer of 1932, some parts of the oblast were included in the newly created Donetsk Oblast originally centered in Artemivsk (later in Stalino). Then in the fall, some territories of the Kharkiv Oblast were used in creation of Chernihiv Oblast. More territories became part of Poltava Oblast in fall of 1937 and Sumy Oblast in winter of 1939.

During the Holodomor the population of the Kharkiv Oblast together with Kyiv Oblast suffered the most. The region saw major fighting during World War II in several Battles of Kharkov between 1941 and 1943.

During the 1991 referendum, 86.33% of votes in Kharkiv Oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 4.2% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 71.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.[4]

Following the Euromaidan the short-lived separatist Kharkov's People's Republic was created.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military launched a major military offensive in the region — the Eastern Ukraine offensive — which resulted in the occupation of parts of the oblast. By late August, about one third of the territory of Kharkiv Oblast was occupied including Izum and Kupiansk. In July 2022, the Donetsk People's Republic signed a memorandum to "liberate Kharkiv from Ukraine".[5]

In early September 2022, the Ukrainian military commenced a counteroffensive in the region. Several settlements in the region were recaptured from Russian control.[6] By 10 September 2022, Ukraine had recaptured Kupiansk and Izium.[6] On 11 September, Russia had retreated from many of the settlements it previously occupied in the oblast [7] and the Russian Ministry of Defense announced a formal withdrawal of Russian forces from most of Kharkiv Oblast stating that an "operation to curtail and transfer troops" was underway."[8][9] By 12 September 2022, as the Russian front lines in Kharkiv Oblast continued to collapse, Ukrainian forces had managed to push back to the north-eastern border with Russia in some areas of the region.[10][11] By 3 October 2022, Russian forces had almost completely withdrawn from Kharkiv Oblast.[12][13]

Demographics

Its population in 2001 was 2,895,800 million (1,328,900 males (45.9%) and 1,566,900 females (54.1%)).

At the 2001 census, the ethnic groups within the Kharkiv Oblast were:

• Ukrainians – 70.7%
• Russians – 25.6%
• Belarusians – 0.5%
• Jews – 0.4%
• Armenians – 0.4%
• Azeris – 0.2%
• Georgians – 0.15%
• Tatars – 0.14%
• Others – 2.1%

Groups by native language:

• Ukrainian – 53.8%
• Russian – 44.3%
• Other languages – 1.9%

Age structure

0–14 years: 12.6% (male 177,464/female 167,321)

15–64 years: 72.2% (male 945,695/female 1,024,841)

65 years and over: 15.2% (male 135,737/female 277,725) (2013 official)

Median age

total: 40.5 years

male: 36.9 years

female: 44.1 years (2013 official)

Administrative divisions

The Kharkiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into 7[3] raions (districts). Prior to the 2020 decentralization reform, there were 25 raions,[3] and also 7 cities (municipalities) that were directly subordinate to the oblast government (Chuhuiv, Izium, Kupiansk, Liubotyn, Lozova, Pervomaiskyi, and the administrative center of the oblast, Kharkiv).

Name	Ukrainian name	Area (km2)	Population (2021)[14]	Admin. center
Bohodukhiv Raion	Богодухівський район	1,160	124,936	Bohodukhiv
Chuhuiv Raion	Чугуївський район	1,149	197,695	Chuhuiv
Izium Raion	Ізюмський район	1,553	175,986	Izium
Kharkiv Raion	Харківський район	1,403	1,745,734	Kharkiv
Krasnohrad Raion	Красноградський район	9,851	105,948	Krasnohrad
Kupiansk Raion	Куп’янський район	4,618	133,135	Kupiansk
Lozova Raion	Лозівський район	1,404	150,400	Lozova

Nomenclature

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially called "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Kharkiv is the center of the Kharkivs’ka oblast’ (Kharkiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Kharkiv Oblast, Kharkivshchyna.

Economy

The Kharkiv oblast has a primarily industrial economy, including engineering, metallurgy, manufacturing, production of chemicals and food processing. It also has an important agricultural sector with 19,000 square kilometres of arable land (comprising 5.9% of the total arable lands of Ukraine). Agricultural production grew substantially in 2015.[15]

Also in Kharkiv is the airplane plant for space controlling systems. It is a major center for all branches of engineering, from large-scale manufacture to microelectronics. Also situated in Kharkiv Oblast is a gas field, which is one of the biggest in Ukraine.

Points of interest

The following sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

• Derzhprom Building
• Pokrov monastery (Kharkiv)
• Skovoroda museum

Sport

It has a regional federation within Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation.

References

External links

• Kharkiv Oblast Facts & Figures
• Kharkiv Oblast statistics
• Maps of Kharkiv oblast Cities, Towns and Villages
• About Kharkiv Oblast
• Post codes directory of Kharkiv Oblast

На других языках

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[de] Oblast Charkiw

Die Oblast Charkiw (ukrainisch Харківська область .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Charkiwska oblast; russisch Харьковская область Charkowskaja oblast) liegt im Osten der Ukraine und bildet im Norden die Grenze zu Russland (Oblast Belgorod). Sie hat 2.633.834 Einwohner (Anfang 2021; de facto)[1].

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- [en] Kharkiv Oblast

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[es] Óblast de Járkov

La óblast de Járkov (en ucraniano, Ха́рківська о́бласть, Járkivska óblast) es un óblast (provincia) de Ucrania situado en la zona oriental del país, y creado el 27 de febrero de 1932. Su capital es Járkov, donde se concentran 1,5 millones de habitantes, siendo la segunda ciudad de Ucrania en población, así como en comercio. Es además un centro universitario. Tiene una superficie de 31 000 km² y su población a 1 de enero de 2003 era de &&&&&&&&02800000.&&&&&02 800 000 habitantes.

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[ru] Харьковская область

Ха́рьковская о́бласть (укр. Ха́рківська о́бласть), разг. Ха́рьковщина (укр. Харківщина) — административно-территориальная единица на северо-востоке Украины.

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