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Derhachi (Ukrainian: Дергачі́, pronounced [derɦɐˈtʃi]; Russian: Дeргaчи, romanized: Dergachi) is a city in Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The city is located 12 km (7 mi) northwest of the oblast capital, Kharkiv. The settlement was founded in the second half of the 17th century as a sloboda. It hosts the administration of Derhachi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 17,433 (2021 est.)[2]

Derhachi Дергачі Dergachi
Coat of arms
Derhachi Show map of Kharkiv Oblast Derhachi Show map of Ukraine
Coordinates: 50°07′N 36°07′E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kharkiv Oblast
Raion	Kharkiv Raion
Hromada	Derhachi urban hromada
Area
• Total	19.1 km2 (7.4 sq mi)
Elevation	122 m (400 ft)
Population  (2021)
• Total	17,433
• Density	910/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	62309
Area code	+380 5763

Etymology

There are at least two versions of the origin of the town name. The first one is connected with derkach — the Ukrainian name of a corncrake that inhabits the banks of the local Lopan river. Another version appeals to the name of the legendary cossack Derkach who is considered to be the founder of the town. Since 1943, the Soviet local authorities have rejected the Ukrainian variant of the name Derkachi (with letter k) and began to use only the Russian one — Derhachi (with letter h). Later the Russian pronunciation was installed in Ukrainian official settlements classification.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Location

The town lies in a valley on the Lopan river north west to the second largest Ukrainian city Kharkiv. The most part of the town is plain and located on the left bank of Lopan. The western edge of the settlement is hilly and full of ravines. The riverbed of Lopan has many artificial channels and small tributaries in this place. The regional road T2103 goes through the town from north west to south east and connects it with Kharkiv and Zolochiv. There is a significant uninhabited forested area south west to the town.

Climate

Derhachi has humid continental climate, Dfb by Köppen climate classification with warm summer but there is no dry season. The average annual temperature is 7.3 °C. The rainfall here is around 535 mm per year.[3]

History

Scythian ages

It is scientifically proved that territory of nowadays Derhachi was populated in Scythian times (6 — 3 centuries B.C.) and later.[4] A unique Scythian ritual pommel decorated with a sphinx was found at the town.[5] This artifact was a part of Scythian World Tree and now it is exhibited in Kharkiv Historical Museum. In 2018 and 2019, the archaeological expedition of the Kharkiv Historical Museum carried out excavations of the Scythian kurgan in western part of the town. The scientists explored the mounds and received a collection of items with information on the funeral rite of Scythian times.[6]

Cossacks era

In the 17th century Derkachi was a sotnia town of the Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack Regiment. Up to the 1742 there was one cossacks sotnia administration, in 1742—1765 — two sotnia administrations. Traditionally a sotnyk (head of a sotnia) in Derkachi was a member of well known in Sloboda Ukraine Kowalewski family (Dołęga coat of arms). The town had its own symbols. The sotnia standard had an image of the archangel Michael. The town seal contained an image of a derkach bird (corn crake) with an octagram above it. According to the 1779 documents Derkachi was a military sloboda of the Kharkiv povit (uyezd) with a population of 2287 citizens.[7]

Russian empire

It was a settlement in Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

Soviet times

Holodomor

At least 274 of town residents died in the Holodomor, the man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine in 1932 and 1933.[8][9] The officials of Derkachi town council were involved in expropriation of local citizens property in 1932.[10]

Second World War

Derhachi spent 630 days during the Eastern Front under the occupation of the German Army, from 21 October, 1941 to 13 August, 1943; save for a period during the Third Battle of Kharkov in February 1943 when it was briefly recaptured by the Red Army.[11] The town would be liberated later that year during the Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation.

Post-War

In January 1989, the population was 22,915 people.[12][13]

Independent Ukraine (since 1991)

In January 2013 the population was 18,154 people.[14]

Until 18 July 2020, Derhachi was the administrative center of Derhachi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Derhachi Raion was merged into Kharkiv Raion.[15][16]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the town saw shelling and fighting as part of the Battle of Kharkiv, resulting in civilian casualties.[17] On May 12, the local palace of culture was shelled by a BM-27 Uragan MLRS, killing two people and wounding four. Later on the night of May 12-13, the building was completely destroyed by a missile strike. [18]

Transportation

Trains

The town has 3 railway stops operated by Ukrainian Railways: Derhachi,[13] Motorna and Novi Derhachi. The largest stop Derhachi has a station building. All stops are used only by commuter trains running on the line Kharkiv - Kozacha Lopan. Before 2014 there was a direct commuter train connection with towns in Belhorod oblast of Russia.

Buses

Derhachi has a bus connection with the city of Kharkiv. The buses on this route go via the central street Sumsky Shliakh, then follow through the town of Mala Danylivka to the center of Kharkiv (bus station Tsentralnyi Rynok).

The town also has an internal bus route, which mainly runs along the central streets (Sumskyi Shliakh and Zolochivskyi Shliakh). The town has direct connection with neighboring raion center Zolochiv.

Metro

In the 1980s, when planning the Oleksiivska line of the Kharkiv Metro, the construction of the metro station 'Dergachi' was planned, but the station has not been built yet.

Economy

The majority of enterprises are concentrated in the industrial zone in the south of the town near the Motorna railway stop.

The largest enterprises that have production in the town are:

• UBC Group - refrigeration and brewing equipment[19]
• Amcor - packaging for the tobacco industry.[20]

The town is a manufacturing base of the BRIG company which is one of the world's leading manufacturers of rigid-hulled inflatable boats.[21]

Notable people

Born in the town

• Panas (Afanasi) Matushenko — leader of the mutiny on the Russian battleship Potemkin in 1905.

Lived or worked in the town

• Hnat Khotkevych — Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, composer, and bandurist. As a student in 1895, organized a village theater in Derkachi. In 1920-1928 taught Ukrainian language and literature in the Derkachi zoo technical school
• Oleksandr Oles — Ukrainian writer and poet. In 1893 he entered the farming school in Derkachi, where he published the first verses.

Media

Since Soviet times, the town has had a newspaper, established in 1939 by the local Communist Party committee.

The newspaper changed its name continuously:[22]

• By the way of Stalin (Ukrainian: Сталінським шляхом), 28 July 1939 — 4 November 1956
• The truth of Lenin (Ukrainian: Ленінська правда), 1957 — 1962
• The tribune of the working people (Ukrainian: Трибуна трудящих), 1962 — 1967
• The way of Lenin (Ukrainian: Ленінський шлях), 1967 — 10 October 1991
• The news of Derhachi land (Ukrainian: Вісті Дергачівщини), since 10 October 1991

Twin towns — Sister cities

Derhachi is twinned with:

• Sosnowiec, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland

Image gallery

• 
  Old wooden gates in Derhachi

References

На других языках

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[de] Derhatschi

Derhatschi (ukrainisch Дергачі; russisch Дергачи .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Dergatschi) ist eine Stadt im Osten der Ukraine und war bis Juli 2020 das administrative Zentrum des gleichnamigen Rajons Derhatschi in der Oblast Charkiw mit etwa 18.000 Einwohnern (2019[1]) auf einer Fläche von 137,7 km².[2]

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- [en] Derhachi

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[ru] Дергачи (город)

Дергачи́ (укр. Дергачі́; до 1943 года — Деркачи́) — город в Харьковском районе Харьковской области Украины, административный центр Дергачёвской городской общины. Входит в Харьковскую агломерацию. До 17 июля 2020 года был административным центром упразднённого Дергачёвского района, в котором составлял Дергачёвский городской совет.

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