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Izium or Izyum[3][4] (Ukrainian: Ізюм, pronounced [iˈzʲum]; Russian: Изюм[5]) is a city on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. Izium is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of the oblast capital, Kharkiv. Izium has a population of 45,884 as of 2021.[6]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian. (September 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Ukrainian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 607 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at [[:uk:Ізюм]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|uk|Ізюм}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Izium Ізюм Izyum
City
From top, left to right: Ascension Cathedral Church of the Exaltation of the Cross Church of Transfiguration World War II memorial
Flag Coat of arms
Izium Location of Izium in Kharkiv Oblast Show map of Kharkiv Oblast Izium Location of Izium in Ukraine Show map of Ukraine
Coordinates: 49°12′46″N 37°15′25″E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kharkiv
Raion	Izium
Founded	1681
City status since	1765[1]
Government
• Mayor	Valerii Marchenko[2] (Servant of the People[2])
Area
• Total	43.6 km2 (16.8 sq mi)
Elevation	71 m (233 ft)
Population  (2021)
• Total	45,884
• Density	1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi)
Postal code	64300
Area code	380-5743
Licence plate	АХ, КХ
Sister cities	Tukums, Latvia Andrychów, Poland Khoni, Georgia
Website	city-izyum.gov.ua

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was under Russian military occupation from 1 April until Ukrainian forces recaptured it in September as part of the Kharkiv counteroffensive.

History

In 1681, a Cossack fortress was built within a small settlement, which marks the foundation date of Izium.[7][8] It grew to be an important defense against Tatar invasions of the region.[9] In 1684 the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration was built. The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955.

In 1765, Izium became a city, and in 1780 became an administrative center of Izyumsky Uyezd, one of the subdivisions of the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

The churches of Ascension (1819–21) and of St. Nicholas (1809–23) rank among the finest Neoclassical buildings in the region. In the second half of the 19th century, the city's main exports were wool, sold to Kharkiv and Poltava, and building materials sold to Taganrog.[10]

During World War II, Izium was the site of numerous important battles. A Red Army salient was cut off by counterattacking German forces (during the Second Battle of Kharkiv) and was eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.[11] Izium was occupied by the German Army from 24 June 1942 until it was liberated on 5 February 1943.^{[citation needed]} The Germans operated a Nazi prison in the city.[12]

Izium expanded rapidly in the 20th century due to its importance as a junction between Kharkiv and the Donets Basin.[13] In January 1989 the population was 64,334 people, up from 12,000 in 1926.[14][1]

In January 2013, its population was 51,511 people.[15]

To comply with decommunization laws, the local "Lenin Square" was renamed "John Lennon Square" in February 2016.[16]

Until 18 July 2020, Izium was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Izium Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, the city of Izium was merged into Izium Raion, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven.[17][18]

Russo-Ukrainian War

2014 fighting

Izium was the site of sporadic fighting during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014. In April 2014, Russian separatist forces occupied the city of Sloviansk 50 km (30 mi) south of Izium. An operation by Ukrainian forces to remove these forces bogged down and checkpoints around Izium were formed to stop a possible intrusion into the city. On June 15, a Ukrainian checkpoint outside the city was attacked by separatist forces.^{[citation needed]}

On 19 June 2014, Ukrainian forces defeated a large group of separatists at Yampil, about 65 km (40 mi) southwest of Izium, signaling the furthest north the separatist forces would advance. As part of the Siege of Sloviansk and Battle of Kramatorsk, both cities were recaptured by Ukrainian forces. Due to its proximity to the front line the city, along with the Kramatorsk Airfield, which the Ukrainian military was able to control through the battles, served as a staging area for Ukrainian troops prior to Sloviansk and Kramatorsk being ultimately recaptured.[19][20][21]

European route E40 passes through Izium, connecting Luhansk-Sloviansk-Kharkiv, three important cities to both pro-Russian and Ukrainian forces. Controlling the highway was instrumental, as it was the fastest access route into Sloviansk, as well as allowing for possible expansion of separatist territory into Kharkiv region.[22]

The Sloviansk-Izium highway was referred to as the "highway of death" by locals during the summer of 2014. Large-scale fighting halted once Ukrainian forces liberated Sloviansk.[22] In early April 2016, the Security Service of Ukraine arrested an alleged saboteur who was accused of wanting to explode the railway near Izium to aid the separatists.[23]

2022 Battle of Izium

According to Amnesty International on 16 March 2022, the town was exposed to constant Russian rocket fire from 3 March 2022 in the northeastern Ukraine offensive of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The population was trapped in basements with almost no food or water, and most residential areas were cut off from electricity, gas, heating, and mobile communication. According to Ukrainian authorities, eight civilians, including two children, were killed.[24]

In the following weeks, conflicting claims arose over whether Russia was in control of the city.[25][26][27][28][29] On 1 April, the Ukrainian military confirmed that Izium was under Russian control.[30][31]

In May 2022, Russian forces attempted to cross the Siverskyi Donets River and advance south.[32] Ukrainian forces rebuffed the attempted river crossing with substantial Russian losses.

Ukraine began a counteroffensive in the Kharkiv region in early September 2022. On 9 September 2022, the suburbs of Oskil and Kapytolivka were recaptured in the 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive.[33] By the morning of 10 September, it was reported that Russian forces had fled the city, leaving their equipment behind, and by late afternoon, media sources reported that the city had been fully retaken by Ukrainian forces.[34] On that same day, Andrii Yermak, chief of staff to President Zelensky, "posted a photo of Ukrainian soldiers on its outskirts and tweeted an emoji of grapes. The city’s name means 'raisin'."[35]

After liberation from the Russian invaders in September 2022, local police officers found a mass grave of 440 bodies.[36] More than 80% of the town infrastructure is destroyed; about 70% of multi-storey buildings is destroyed. The town administration estimates that all in all, about 1,000 people lost their lives under the Russian occupation.[37]

By October, third-party inspectors found no fewer than 10 torture sites run by the Russian military in the town of roughly 46,000.[38]

Geography

Climate

The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb", warm summer continental climate.[39]

Administration

Izium serves as the administrative center of Izium Raion (district). Izium hosts the administration of the Izium urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[42]

Gallery

• 
  Izium City Hall
• 
  A monument commemorating the battle of Vladimir Monomakh against Polovtsians
• 
  A historical building in Izium
• 
  The Spartak cinema
• 
  The Ascension Church
• 
  The Transfiguration Church
• 
  The Holy Cross Church
• 
  A holy well in Izium
• 
  Izyum railway station

See also

• Second Battle of Kharkov

References

External links

• Media related to Izium at Wikimedia Commons
• (in English) / History of the city Archived 2019-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
• (in English) Encyclopædia Britannica Online

На других языках

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[de] Isjum

Isjum (ukrainisch Ізюм; russisch Изюм – Betonung auf -jum) ist eine Stadt in der Oblast Charkiw mit 48.000 Einwohnern (2018) in der Ostukraine.[1]

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- [en] Izium

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[ru] Изюм (город)

Изю́м (укр. Ізюм) — город в Харьковской области Украины, административный центр Изюмского района и Изюмской городской общины. До 2020 года был городом областного подчинения, составлявшим Изюмский городской совет. Третий по величине город области.

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