world.wikisort.org - Ukraine

The Donetsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Донецька область, romanized: Donetska oblast, IPA: [doˈnɛtsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Donechchyna (Ukrainian: Донеччина), is an oblast of eastern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is Donetsk; however, its Regional State Administration has been temporarily relocated to Kramatorsk because of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war.[3] Historically, the region has been an important part of the Donbas region. From its creation in 1938 until November 1961, it bore the name Stalino Oblast as Donetsk was then named "Stalino", in honour of Joseph Stalin. As part of the de-Stalinization process, it was renamed after the Siversky Donets river, the main artery of Eastern Ukraine.

Donetsk Oblast Донецька область
Oblast
Donetska oblast[1]
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname:  Донеччина (Donechchyna)
Coordinates: 48.14°N 37.74°E / 48.14; 37.74
Country	Ukraine
Established	3 June 1938
Administrative center	Donetsk (de jure)  Kramatorsk (de facto, due to Russo-Ukrainian War)
Government
• Governor	Pavlo Kyrylenko[2]
• Oblast council	150 seats
Area
• Total	26,517 km2 (10,238 sq mi)
• Rank	Ranked 11th
Population
• Total	unknown
Demographics
• Official language(s)	Ukrainian
• Average salary	UAH 1161 (2006)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	83000–87999
Area code	+380-62
ISO 3166 code	UA-14
Vehicle registration	АН
Raions	18
Cities (total)	52
• Regional cities	28
Urban-type settlements	131
Villages	1124
FIPS 10-4	UP05
Website	dn.gov.ua

The oblast is known for its urban sprawl of Donetsk–Makiivka and Horlivka–Yenakiieve and it is often associated with the coal mining industry.

The war in Donbas and the subsequent 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has seen parts of the oblast come under the control of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Russia, with the administrative center relocated to Mariupol then to Kramatorsk.[4] The oblast is notable for heavy fighting during the Battle of Donbas (2022).

On 30 September 2022 Russia annexed the Donetsk (DPR), Luhansk (Luhansk People's Republic), Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson Oblasts. However, the staged referendums and subsequent annexations are internationally unrecognized, and Ukraine still controls much of the province. The United Nations General Assembly subsequently passed a resolution calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw".[5]

History

Before the establishment of the Donetsian Oblast, three districts (okruhas) existed on its territory from 1923 to 1930. The Donets Governorate was terminated in 1925. As part of Soviet Ukraine, the Donetsian Oblast was established on 2 July 1932 out of the Kharkiv Oblast, the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and a number of raions that were under the direct administration of Kharkiv (then-capital of Soviet Ukraine). Artemivsk (today Bakhmut) served as the Oblast's administrative center for two weeks until 16 July 1932, when the city of Stalino (today Donetsk) took on the role. Until 1938, the Donetsian Oblast included the territories of the modern Donetsk Oblast and the Luhansk Oblast. In June 1938 it was split into the Stalino Oblast (modern Donetsk Oblast) and the Voroshylovhrad Oblast (modern Luhansk Oblast).

During the Nazi German occupation from fall 1941 to fall 1943, Donetsk Oblast was known as Yuzivka Oblast (after the original name of Donetsk).

As part of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union, in 1961 Stalino along with Stalino Oblast were renamed into Donetsk and Donetsk Oblast, respectively.

During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, 83.9% of voters in Donetsk Oblast approved Ukraine's declaration of independence in the 1991 referendum.[6]

In the mid-1990s, the region became known for its heightened criminal activity, including the killings of high-profile business people such as Akhat Bragin and Yevhen Shcherban. Donetsk Oblast was also a base for Ukraine's main pro-Russian political faction, Party of Regions, which became part of the Ukrainian government in 2002 and paved a way into Ukrainian politics for the powerful "Donetsk political clan".

In late 2004, the Party of Regions was involved in the creation of a political project, South-East Ukrainian Autonomous Republic, which intended to include Donetsk Oblast. Having close ties with the Russian government, the Party of Regions along with local communists and pro-Russian activists instigated the pro-Russian unrest which escalated into the war in Donbas. In May 2014 Ukraine lost control over its border with Russia in Donetsk Oblast. Currently, portions of the region are controlled by the Novorossiya Armed Forces and claimed by the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Donetsk Oblast is located in southeastern Ukraine. The area of the oblast (26,517 km²), comprises about 4.4% of the total area of the country. The oblast borders the Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts on the southwest, the Kharkiv Oblast on the north, the Luhansk Oblast on the northeast, the Rostov Oblast in Russia on the east, and with the Sea of Azov on the south.

Its longitude from north to south is 270 km, from east to west – 190 km. The extreme points of the oblast's borders are: Bilosarayska Kosa (spit) on the south, Shevchenko of Velykonovosilkivskyi Raion on the west, Verkhnyi Kut of Shakhtarskyi Raion on the east, and Lozove of Lyman Raion on the north.

The state historic-architectural preserve near the city of Sviatohirsk with the Sviatohirsk Lavra was nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

Administrative divisions

The province is primarily divided into 18 raions (districts) and 28 municipalities of equal status (22 miskradas^{[what language is this?]} and 6 mistos – cities of regional significance), including the provincial administrative center Donetsk. These are listed below with their areas and populations.[7]

Name	Local Name	Area (km2)	Population Census 2001	Population Estimate[7] 1 Jan 2012	Admin.ctr
Avdiivka	Авдіївка (місто)	29	37,237	35,257	—
Bakhmut	Бахмут (Міськрада)	74	113,785	104,631	Bakhmut
Debaltseve	Дебальцеве (Міськрада)	38	53,412	46,302	Debaltseve
Dobropillia	Добропілля (Міськрада)	119	72,817	63,938	Dobropillia
Dokuchaievsk	Докучаївськ (Міськрада)	47	25,024	24,506	Dokuchaevsk
Donetsk	Донецьк (Міськрада)	571	1,024,678	971,096	Donetsk
Druzhkivka	Дружківка (Міськрада)	23	75,006	70,126	Druzhkivka
Horlivka	Горлівка (Міськрада)	422	312,284	279,500	Horlivka
Khartsyzk	Харцизьк (Міськрада)	207	113,685	105,104	Khartsyzk
Kirovske (Krestivka)	Кіровське (місто)	7	31,041	28,470	—
Kostiantynivka	Костянтинівка (місто)	66	94,886	78,114	—
Kramatorsk	Краматорськ (Міськрада)	356	215,729	199,020	Kramatorsk
Lyman	Лиман (Міськрада)	192	28,996	23,740	Lyman
Makiivka	Макіївка (Міськрада)	426	431,023	394,604	Makiivka
Mariupol	Маріуполь (Міськрада)	244	510,835	486,320	Mariupol
Myrnohrad	Мирноград (Міськрада)	20	56,702	50,995	Myrnohrad
Novohrodivka	Новогродівка (місто)	6	17,559	15,560	—
Pokrovsk	Покровськ (Міськрада)	39	82,830	77,891	Pokrovsk
Selydove	Селидове (Міськрада)	108	62,819	54,626	Selydove
Shakhtarsk	Шахтарськ (Міськрада)	51	72,711	61,234	Shakhtarsk
Sloviansk	Слов'янськ (Міськрада)	74	142,873	138,450	Sloviansk
Snizhne	Сніжне (Міськрада)	189	83,046	71,277	Snizhne
Toretsk	Торецьк (Міськрада)	62	86,281	74,435	Toretsk
Torez	Торез (Міськрада)	105	96,026	81,761	Torez
Vuhledar	Вугледар (місто)	5	17,518	15,477	—
Yasynuvata	Яcинувата (місто)	19	36,903	35,843	—
Yenakiieve	Єнакієве (Міськрада)	425	162,778	132,110	Yenakiieve
Zhdanivka	Жданівка (Міськрада)	2	14,375	13,377	Zhdanivka
Amvrosiivsky (raion)	Амвросіївський (район)	1,455	54,939	46,081	Amvrosiivsk
Bakhmutsky (raion)	Бахмутський (район)	1,687	54,065	45,367	Bakhmut
Dobropilsky (raion)	Добропільський (район)	949	20,659	16,980	Dobropillia
Kostyantynivsky (raion)	Костянтинівський (район)	1,172	21,132	19,256	Kostiantynivka
Lymansky (raion)	Лиманський (район)	1,018	24,974	22,136	Lyman
Marynsky (raion)	Мар'їнський (район)	1,350	90,045	84,571	Marïnka
Novoazovsky (raion)	Новоазовський (район)	1,000	38,902	36,066	Novoazovsk
Oleksandrivsky (raion)	Олександрівський (район)	1,010	23,036	19,804	Oleksandrivka
Pershotravnevy (raion)	Першотравневий (район)	792	29,312	27,325	Manhush
Shakhtarsky (raion)	Шахтарський (район)	1,194	24,262	19,974	Shakhtarsk
Pokrovsk (raion)	Покровський (район)	1,316	37,567	32,439	Pokrovsk
Slovyansky (raion)	Слов'янський (район)	1,274	39,188	34,334	Sloviansk
Starobeshivsky (raion)	Старобешівський (район)	1,255	55,952	51,068	Starobesheve
Telmanivsky (raion)	Тельманівський (район)	1,340	35,365	29,965	Telmanove
Velikonovosilkivsky (raion)	Великоновосілівський (район)	1,901	49,323	41,943	Velyka Novosilka
Volnovasky (raion)	Волноваський (район)	1,848	92,489	84,579	Volnovakha
Volodarsky (raion)	Володарський (район)	1,221	31,168	29,472	Volodarske
Yasynuvatsky (raion)	Ясинуватський (район)	809	30,326	16,980	Yasynuvata
Total Oblast	Донецька (Область)	26,517	4,825,563	4,403,178	Donetsk

The province's secondary division consists of various municipalities that are governed by their councils. Those municipalities may consist of one or more populated places. All are administratively subordinate to the raion in which they are located.

The following data incorporates the number of each type of second-level administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast:

• total of Settlements – 1,283, including:
  • Villages – 1,124;
  • Cities/Towns – 159, including:
    • Urban-type settlement – 131;
    • Cities of raion subordinance – 24;
• Selsovets – N/A.

The local administration of the oblast' is controlled by the Donetsk Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast' is the Head of Donetsk Oblast administration, appointed by the President of Ukraine.

Cities

Demographics

In 2013, the population of Donetsk Oblast was 4.43 million, which constituted 10% of the overall Ukrainian population, making it the most populous and most densely populated region of the country. Its large population is due to the presence of several big industrial cities and numerous villages agglomerated around them.

During the 2004 presidential election, political supporters of Viktor Yanukovych threatened to demand autonomy for Donetsk and neighboring oblasts if the election of their candidate was not recognised. However, no official moves were ever made.

At the 2001 Ukrainian National Census, the ethnic groups within the Donetsk Oblast were: Ukrainians – 2,744,100 (56.9%), Russians – 1,844,400 (38.2%), Pontic Greeks – 77,500 (1.6%), Belarusians – 44,500 (0.9%), others (2.3%).[8]

At the 2001 census, the languages spoken within the oblast were: Russian — 74.9%, Ukrainian – 24.1%.[8] ^{[citation needed]}

The oblast also contains 21% of the country's Muslims.[8] ^{[citation needed]}

Year	Fertility	Birth	Year	Fertility	Birth	Year	Fertility	Birth
1990	1,6	58 050	2000	0,9	30 042	2010	1,2	41 258
1991	1,5	54 466	2001	0,9	29 931	2011	1,3	41 720
1992	1,4	50 258	2002	0,9	31 216	2012	1,3	42 839
1993	1,3	46 344	2003	0,9	33 433
1994	1,2	43 195	2004	1,0	35 526
1995	1,1	38 808	2005	1,0	35 883
1996	1,1	36 349	2006	1,1	39 327
1997	1,0	34 347	2007	1,2	40 560
1998	1,0	33 518	2008	1,3	44 394
1999	0,9	30 503	2009	1,3	43 373

Age structure

0–14 years: 12.6% (male 283,584/female 266,977)

15–64 years: 70.4% (male 1,453,273/female 1,619,241)

65 years and over: 17.0% (male 243,048/female 496,434) (2013 official)

Median age

total: 41.9 years

male: 38.0 years

female: 45.8 years (2013 official)

Economy

Industry

The Donetsk Oblast accounts for more than one half of the coal, finished steel, coke, cast iron and steel production in Ukraine. Ferrous metallurgy, fuel industry and power industry are in demand in the structure of industry production. There are about 882 industry enterprises that are on independent balance, and 2,095 small industry enterprises in the oblast.[9]

The oblast has a developed transport infrastructure which includes the Donetsk railway (covers 40% of national transportation), the Mariupol Port, the Donetsk International Airport, passenger airports in Mariupol and Kramatorsk, and dense road systems. In the Donetsk Oblast two special economic zones have been created, Donetsk and Azov, which have a privileged tax regime.[9]

Agriculture

In 1999, the gross grain yield in the oblast was about 999.1 thousand tons, sugar beets – 27.1 thousand tons, sunflower seeds – 309.4 thousand tons, and potatoes – 380.2 thousand tons.[9] Also, 134.2 thousand tons of meat, 494.3 thousand tons of milk and 646.4 million eggs have been produced. At the beginning of 1999 there were 2108 farms within the oblast.[9]

Geology

The Donetsk Oblast's climate is mostly continental, which is characterised by hot summers and relatively cold winters with changeable snow surfaces. East and southeast strong winds, high temperatures and heavy rain showers are typical in the summer. The average annual rainfall is 524 mm.

The basic minerals found here are: coal (reserves – 25 billion tons), rock salt, lime carbonate, potassium, mercury, asbestos, and graphite. The area is also rich in fertile black earth.

Important resources for recreation within the area are: the mild climate, the Sea of Azov coast, curative mud, sources of minerals, and radon and table water. Due to these numerous recreation resources, many resort hotels and camps are located here. There are about 26 health centres and pensions, 52 rest homes and boarding houses, and rest camps for children in the oblast.[9]

The curative^{[clarification needed]} areas in the oblast include the Slovyansk salt lakes and mineral water sources. The oblast also contains many park zones, some of which are of great national value. They include the Khomutivsky steppe and the Azov sea coast. Overall, the Donetsk Oblast contains about 70 protected park and nature attractions including branches of the Ukrainian steppe park, six state reserves, ten memorials of nature, landscapes, and six park tracts.[9]

Polls

During the 1991 referendum, 83.90% of votes in Donetsk Oblast were in favour of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, fourth lowest in the country after Crimea, Sevastopol and Luhansk Oblast. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 18.5% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 53.8% did not support the idea, 22.5% were undecided, and 5.2% did not respond; insurgent-controlled areas (which hold over 50% of the population)[10] were not polled.[11]

See also

• Administrative divisions of Ukraine
• List of cities in Donetsk Oblast

References

External links

• Information Card of the Region – Official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
• www.citylife.donetsk.ua – Official Donetsk city guide – English
• donoda.gov.ua – Official site of Donetsk Oblast Administration (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian)
• catalogue.biz.ua – Post codes directory of Donetsk Oblast (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian)
• Media related to Donetsk Oblast at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Oblast Donezk

Die Oblast Donezk oder selten Oblast Donetsk (ukrainisch Донецька область .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Donezka oblast; russisch Донецкая область Donezkaja oblast) ist ein Verwaltungsbezirk der Ukraine. Die Oblast liegt im Donezbecken (auch Donbas), einem stark industrialisierten Gebiet, und ist eine der wirtschaftlich bedeutendsten und am dichtesten besiedelten Regionen der Ostukraine.

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- [en] Donetsk Oblast

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[ru] Донецкая область

Доне́цкая о́бласть (укр. Доне́цька о́бласть), или Донетчина[7] (укр. Донеччина), — административно-территориальная единица Украины, расположенная на юго-востоке страны, в Донбассе.

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