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Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Льві́вська о́бласть, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲʋʲiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔbɫɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Льві́вщина, IPA: [ˈlʲʋʲiu̯ʃt͡ʃɪnɐ]) [lower-alpha 1] is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,497,750. (2021 est.)[3]

Lviv Oblast
Львівська область
Oblast
Lvivska oblast[1]
Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Львівщина (Lvivshchyna)
Country Ukraine
Administrative centerLviv
Government
 • GovernorMaksym Kozytskyy[2]
 • Oblast council84 seats
 • ChairpersonOleksandr Hanushchyn
Area
 • Total21,833 km2 (8,430 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 17th
Elevation
296 m (971 ft)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • Total 2,497,750
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
79-82
Area code+380-32
ISO 3166 codeUA-46
Raions7
Hromadas73
FIPS 10-4UP15
Websitewww.loda.gov.ua[dead link]

History


The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939 following the Soviet invasion of Poland. The territory of the former Drohobych Oblast was incorporated into the Lviv Oblast in 1959.

The oblast's strategic position at the heart of central Europe and as the gateway to the Carpathians has caused it to change hands many times over the centuries. It was ruled variously by Great Moravia, Kievan Rus', Poland, was independent as the state of Galicia-Volhynia (circa 1200 to 1340), and then ruled by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1340 to 1772), the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1772 to 1918), West Ukrainian People's Republic and Poland (1919 to 1939), when it was part of the Lwów Voivodeship of the Second Republic of Poland. The region's historically dominant Ukrainian population declared the area to be a part of an independent West Ukrainian National Republic in November 1918 — June 1919, but this endured only briefly. Local autonomy was provided in international treaties but later on those were not honoured by the Polish government and the area experienced much ethnic tension between the Polish and Ukrainian population.

The region and its capital city take their name from the time of Galicia-Volhynia, when Daniel of Galicia, the King of Rus', founded Lviv; naming the city after his son, Leo. During this time, the general region around Lviv was known as Red Ruthenia (Cherven' Rus').

The region only became part of the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, when it was annexed to the Ukrainian SSR. It was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944, when almost all local Jews were killed, and remained in Soviet hands after World War II as was arranged during the Teheran and Yalta conferences. Local Poles were expelled and Ukrainians expelled from Poland arrived. Given its historical development, Lviv Oblast is one of the least Russified and Sovietized parts of Ukraine, with much of its Polish and Habsburg heritage still visible today.

In Ukraine today, there are three provinces (oblasts) that formed the eastern part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Two of these, Lviv Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast were entirely contained in the kingdom; the third oblast of Ternopil was mainly in the kingdom apart from four of its most northerly counties (raions). The counties of the Kingdom of Galicia remained largely unchanged when they were incorporated into successor states; with minor changes as detailed below, the current counties are almost co-extensive with those of the Kingdom.

During the 2014 Euromaidan protests, the region is also notable for having declared independence from the central government led by Viktor Yanukovych who started to use active military force against protestors.[4]


Geography


The terrain of Lviv Oblast is highly varied. The southern part is occupied by the low Beskyd (Ukrainian: Бескиди) mountain chains running parallel to each other from northwest to southeast and covered with secondary coniferous forests as part of the Eastern Carpathians; the highest point is Pikuy (1408 m). North from there are the wide upper Dniester river valley and much smaller upper San River valley. These rivers have flat bottoms covered with alluvial deposits, and are susceptible to floods. Between these valleys and Beskyd lies the Precarpathian upland covered with deciduous forests, with well-known mineral spa resorts (see Truskavets, Morshyn). It's also the area of one of the earliest industrial petroleum and gas extraction. These deposits are all but depleted by now.

In the central part of the region lie Roztocze, Opillia, and part of the Podolia uplands. Rich sulphur deposits were mined here during the Soviet era. Roztocze is densely forested, while Opillia and Podolia (being covered with loess on which fertile soils develop) are densely populated and mostly covered by arable land. In the central-north part of the region lies the Small Polesia lowland, geographically isolated from the rest of Polesia but with similar terrain and landscapes (flat plains with sandy fluvioglacial deposits and pine forests). The far North of the region lies on the Volhynia upland, which is also covered with loess; coal is mined in this area.


Climate


The climate of Lviv Oblast is moderately cool and humid. The average January temperatures range from −7 °C (19 °F) in the Carpathians to −3 °C (27 °F) in the Dniester and San River valleys while in July the average temperatures are from 14–15 °C (57–59 °F) in the Carpathians to 16–17 °C (61–63 °F) in Roztocze and 19 °C (66 °F) in the lower part of the Dniester valley.[5] The average annual precipitation is 600–650 mm (23.62–25.59 in) in the lowlands, 650–750 mm (25.59–29.53 in) in the highlands and up to 1,000 mm (39.37 in) in the Carpathians, with the majority of precipitation occurring in summer. Prolonged droughts are uncommon, while strong rainfalls can cause floods in river valleys. Severe winds during storms can also cause damage, especially in the highlands. The climate is favourable for the cultivation of sugar beets, winter wheat, flax, rye, cabbage, apples, and for dairy farming. It is still too cold to successfully cultivate maize, sunflower, grapes, melon, watermelon or peaches in Lviv Oblast. In the Carpathians conditions are favourable for Alpine skiing 3–4 months a year.


Politics


Government House, Lviv
Government House, Lviv
Raions of Lviv Oblast
Raions of Lviv Oblast

Governors


Term start Term end Name Year of birth Year of death
March 1991 6 April 1992 Vyacheslav Chornovil b. 1937 d. 1999
June 1994 July 1995 Mykola Horyn b. 1945
Term start Term end Name Year of birth
20 March 1992 June 1994 Stepan Davymuka b. 1947
Term start Term end Name Year of birth Year of death
7 July 1995 6 Feb. 1997 Mykola Horyn b. 1945
6 Feb. 1997 14 Jan. 1999 Mykhailo Hladiy b. 1952
15 Jan. 1999 19 March 2001 Stepan Senchuk b. 1955 d. 2005
26 March 2001 26 April 2002 Mykhailo Hladiy b. 1952
26 April 2002 4 June 2003 Myron Yankiv b. 1951
9 June 2003 20 Dec. 2004 Oleksandr Sendeha b. 1953
20 Dec. 2004 4 Feb. 2005 Bohdan Matolych (acting) b. 1955
4 Feb. 2005 20 Feb. 2008 Petro Oliynyk b. 1957 d. 2011
20 Feb. 2008 27 Feb. 2008 Valery Pyatak (acting) b. 1959
27 Feb. 2008 20 April 2010? Kmit Mykola
(acting to 1 Sep 2008)		 b. 1966
20 April 2010 21 December 2010[7] Vasyl Horbal[8] b. 1971
21 December 2010 2 November 2011[7] Mykhailo Tsymbaliuk[7] b. 1964
2 November 2011[7] 4 March 2013[9] Mykhailo Kostiuk[7] b. 1961
4 March 2013[9] 31 October 2013[10] Viktor Shemchuk[9] b. 1970
31 October 2013[10] 23 January 2014[11] Oleh Salo[10] b. 1968
2 March 2014 14 August 2014[12] Iryna Sekh b. 1970
14 August 2014 26 December 2014 Yuriy Turyanskyi (acting) b. 1975
26 December 2014 11 June 2019 Oleh Synyutka b. 1970
11 June 2019 5 July 2019 Rostyslav Zamlynsky (acting) b. 1976
5 July 2019 5 February 2020 Markiyan Malsky b. 1984
5 February 2020 Maksym Kozytsky b. 1984

Subdivisions


Main article: Administrative divisions of Lviv Oblast
Drohobych.The second largest city in Lviv Oblast
Drohobych.The second largest city in Lviv Oblast
Truskavets - a small resort town in the Carpathian foothills
Truskavets - a small resort town in the Carpathian foothills
Architecture in Stryi
Architecture in Stryi
Half-timbered old villa in the Carpathian foothills in Skole Raion
Half-timbered old villa in the Carpathian foothills in Skole Raion

Lviv Oblast was administratively subdivided into 20 raions (districts), as well as 9 city (municipalities) which are directly subordinate to the oblast government: Boryslav, Chervonohrad, Drohobych, Morshyn, Novyi Rozdil, Sambir, Stryi, Truskavets, and the administrative center of the oblast, Lviv.

Kingdom of Galicia, administrative, 1914
Kingdom of Galicia, administrative, 1914
Hromada (Громада) Type Center Raion Raion before 2020
Belz urban Belz Chervonohrad Sokal
Bibrka urban Bibrka Lviv Peremyshliany
Biskovychi rural Biskovychi Sambir Sambir
Borynia settlement Borynia Sambir Turka
Boryslav urban Boryslav Drohobych Boryslav Municipality
Brody urban Brody Zolochiv Brody
Busk urban Busk Zolochiv Busk
Chervonohrad urban Chervonohrad Chervonohrad Chervonohrad Municipality
Davydiv rural Davydiv Lviv Pustomyty
Dobromyl urban Dobromyl Sambir Staryi Sambir
Dobrosyn-Maheriv rural Maheriv Lviv Zhovkva
Dobrotvir settlement Dobrotvir Chervonohrad Kamianka-Buzka
Drohobych urban Drohobych Drohobych Drohobych Municipality
Hlyniany urban Hlyniany Lviv Zolochiv
Hnizdychiv settlement Hnizdychiv Stryi Zhydachiv
Horodok urban Horodok Lviv Horodok
Hrabovets-Duliby rural Duliby Stryi Stryi
Ivano-Frankove settlement Ivano-Frankove Yavoriv Yavoriv
Kamianka-Buzka urban Kamianka-Buzka Lviv Kamianka-Buzka
Khodoriv urban Khodoriv Stryi Zhydachiv
Khyriv urban Khyriv Sambir Staryi Sambir
Komarno urban Komarno Lviv Horodok
Kozova rural Kozova Stryi Skole
Krasne settlement Krasne Zolochiv Busk
Kulykiv settlement Kulykiv Lviv Zhovkva
Lopatyn settlement Lopatyn Chervonohrad Radekhiv
Lviv urban Lviv Lviv Lviv Municipality
Medenychi settlement Medenychi Drohobych Drohobych
Morshyn urban Morshyn Stryi city of Morshyn
Mostyska urban Mostyska Yavoriv Mostyska
Murovane rural Murovane Lviv Pustomyty
Mykolaiv urban Mykolaiv Stryi Mykolaiv
Novoiavorivsk urban Novoiavorivsk Yavoriv Yavoriv
Novyi Kalyniv urban Novyi Kalyniv Sambir Sambir
Novyi Rozdil urban Novyi Rozdil Stryi city of Novyi Rozdil
Obroshyne rural Obroshyne Lviv Pustomyty
Peremyshliany urban Peremyshliany Lviv Peremyshliany
Pidberiztsi rural Pidberiztsi Lviv Pustomyty
Pidkamin settlement Pidkamin Zolochiv Brody
Pomoriany settlement Pomoriany Zolochiv Zolochiv
Pustomyty urban Pustomyty Lviv Pustomyty
Radekhiv urban Radekhiv Chervonohrad Radekhiv
Ralivka rural Ralivka Sambir Sambir
Rava-Ruska urban Rava-Ruska Lviv Zhovkva
Rozvadiv rural Rozvadiv Stryi Mykolaiv
Rudky urban Rudky Sambir Sambir
Sambir urban Sambir Sambir city of Sambir
Shchyrets settlement Shchyrets Lviv Pustomyty
Shehyni rural Shehyni Yavoriv Mostyska
Skhidnytsia settlement Skhidnytsia Drohobych Boryslav Municipality
Skole urban Skole Stryi Skole
Slavske settlement Slavske Stryi Skole
Sokal urban Sokal Chervonohrad Sokal
Sokilnyky rural Sokilnyky Lviv Pustomyty
Solonka rural Solonka Lviv Pustomyty
Staryi Sambir urban Staryi Sambir Sambir Staryi Sambir
Strilky rural Strilky Sambir Staryi Sambir
Stryi urban Stryi Stryi city of Stryi
Sudova Vyshnia urban Sudova Vyshnia Yavoriv Mostyska
Trostianets rural Trostianets Stryi Mykolaiv
Truskavets urban Truskavets Drohobych city of Truskavets
Turka urban Turka Sambir Turka
Velyki Mosty urban Velyki Mosty Chervonohrad Sokal
Velykyi Liubin settlement Velykyi Liubin Lviv Horodok
Yarychiv settlement Novyi Yarychiv Lviv Kamianka-Buzka
Yavoriv urban Yavoriv Yavoriv Yavoriv
Zabolottsi rural Zabolottsi Zolochiv Brody
Zhovkva urban Zhovkva Lviv Zhovkva
Zhovtantsi rural Zhovtantsi Lviv Kamianka-Buzka
Zhuravne settlement Zhuravne Stryi Zhydachiv
Zhydachiv urban Zhydachiv Stryi Zhydachiv
Zolochiv urban Zolochiv Zolochiv Zolochiv
Zymna Voda rural Zymna Voda Lviv Pustomyty
Raions of the Lviv Oblast
In English In Ukrainian Administrative Center
Brody Raion Бродівський район
Brodivs'kyi raion		 Brody
(City)
Busk Raion Буський район
Bus'kyi raion		 Busk
(City)
Drohobych Raion Дрогобицький район
Drohobyts'kyi raion		 Drohobych
(City)
Horodok Raion Городоцький район
Horodots'kyi raion		 Horodok
(City)
Kamianka-Buzka Raion Кам'янка-Бузький район
Kamyanka-Buz'kyi raion		 Kamianka-Buzka
(City)
Mostyska Raion Мостиський район
Mostys'kyi raion		 Mostyska
(City)
Mykolaiv Raion Миколаївський район
Mykolayivs'kyi raion		 Mykolaiv
(City)
Peremyshliany Raion Перемишлянський район
Peremyshlians'kyi raion		 Peremyshliany
(City)
Pustomyty Raion Пустомитівський район
Pustomytivs'kyi raion		 Pustomyty
(City)
Radekhiv Raion Радехівський район
Radekhivs'kyi raion		 Radekhiv
(City)
Sambir Raion Самбірський район
Sambirs'kyi raion		 Sambir
(City)
Skole Raion Сколівський район
Skolivs'kyi raion		 Skole
(City)
Sokal Raion Сокальський район
Sokal's'kyi raion		 Sokal
(City)
Staryi Sambir Raion Старосамбірський район
Starosambirs'kyi raion		 Staryi Sambir
(City)
Stryi Raion Стрийський район
Stryis'kyi raion		 Stryi
(City)
Turka Raion Турківський район
Turkivs'kyi raion		 Turka
(City)
Yavoriv Raion Яворівський район
Yavorivs'kyi raion		 Yavoriv
(City)
Zhovkva Raion Жовківський район
Zhovkivs'kyi raion		 Zhovkva
(City)
Zhydachiv Raion Жидачівський район
Zhydachivs'kyi raion		 Zhydachiv
(City)
Zolochiv Raion Золочівський район
Zolochivs'kyi raion		 Zolochiv
(City)

Demographics



Age structure


0-14 years: 15.7% (male 202,923/female 193,000)
15-64 years: 70.0% (male 867,699/female 897,788)
65 years and over: 14.3% (male 122,906/female 238,016) (2013 official)

Median age


total: 38.0 years
male: 35.2 years
female: 40.9 years (2013 official)

Religion


Fifty-nine percent of the religious organisations active in the Lviv Oblast adhere to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church is the second largest religious body. The followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) are mostly from the Polish, and Russian or non-Galician Ukrainian minorities respectively.


Historical and cultural sites


The city of Lviv contains a well-preserved main square (Rynok) and numerous historical and beautiful churches. Other sites of interest are the historic Lychakivskiy Cemetery, the local museum of folklore, and the ruins of the famous Vysokyi Zamok. The name of the castle is closely tied to the name of the city. There is also a museum of military artifacts, the "Arsenal".

Well-preserved local wooden churches, castles, and monasteries can be found throughout the Oblast. One of them is the Olesko Castle which is first recorded in 1327. Another castle that was built at the end of the 15th century is Svirzh Castle in the village of Svirzh, Peremeshliany Raion. One more and no less famous castle is the Pidhirtsi Castle. Its architectural complex consists of the three-story palace, Kostel, and small park. In Roztochia is also located the Krekhivsky monastery in the buch[check spelling]-pine grove at the foot of the Pobiyna mount. The whole complex consists of the Saint Nikola Church, the bell tower, numerous service structures, and defensive walls with towers. Another site worth of mentioning is the Tustan city-fortress which is built in the rock. The site was nominated as the historical and as the natural wonder of Ukraine. There also a nature complex in the valley of the Kamianka river in Skoliv Raion. Another natural wonder of the region is the Kamin-Veleten (Rock-Giant in English) which is located near city of Pidkamin in Zolochiv Raion. The name of the local city means Under the Rock. A local museum of Ukrainian art and an institution of higher learning (Ivan Franko State University) are also present.




Economy


The most important research into cereal epidemics in the country is undertaken here.[15] The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine's Institute of Agriculture in Obroshino is the center of study for cereal pathogens including powdery mildew of barley.[15] In the early 2000s the most active researchers here were Olga Vronska and G. Kosilovich at the IoA.[15] Puccinia recondita, Erysiphe graminis, (syn. Blumeria graminis) and various Pseudocercosporella spp. are present and are significant in winter wheat in this oblast.[16]

Two introduced banded land snails, the Grove Snail (Cepaea nemoralis) and White-Lipped Snail (C. hortensis) are found here.[17] C. n. was intentionally brought here in the late 1800s, but the genetic analysis of Gural-Sverlova et al., 2021 shows continued introductions have also occurred ever since.[17] (The geographic distribution of both suggests they arrive through the gardening trade, as is known from other countries.)[17] This analysis shows several distinct arrivals of C. n. yielding several present-day populations in and around Lviv.[17]


See also



References


  1. Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласни́й це́нтр, romanized: oblasnýi céntr, IPA: [obɫɐsˈnɪj ˈt͡sɛntr]). The name of each oblast is a relational adjective—in English translating to a noun adjunct which otherwise serves the same function—formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of the respective center city: Lʹvív is the center of the Lʹvívsʹka óblastʹ (Lviv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Lviv Oblast, Lvivshchyna.
  1. Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  2. Zelensky introduces new head of Lviv Regional State Administration, Ukrinform (6 February 2020)
  3. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 / Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
  4. Ukraine Facing Civil War: Lviv Declares Independence from Yanukovich Rule
  5. WorldClimate.com (Data for L'viv)
  6. Lviv, worldstatesmen.org
  7. Yanukovych appoints ex-Ukrzaliznytsia head Kostiuk governor of Lviv region, Kyiv Post (2 November 2011)
  8. Horbal appointed Lviv regional governor, Kyiv Post (April 20, 2010)
  9. Gryshchenko introduces new Lviv regional governor to local officials, Kyiv Post (4 March 2013)
  10. Yanukovych appoints Salo as governor of Lviv region, UKRINFORM (23 January 2014)
  11. Lviv governor Salo resigns – mass media, Unian (23 January 2013)
  12. Poroshenko dismisses Sekh as Lviv region governor, appoints Turiansky as acting governor, kyivpost.com (15 August 2014)
  13. Державний комітет статистики України (2004). "Національний склад населення / Львівська область" [Ukrainian Census, Lviv Oblast]. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on September 26, 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  14. Polonia w opracowaniach (2013). "Zmiany w liczebności ludności polskiej na Ukrainie w okresie 1989-2001" [Changes in the number of Poles in Ukraine in the period between 1989 and 2001]. Polacy na Ukrainie. Stowarzyszenie "Wspólnota Polska". Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
    • Deising, H. B. (2009). Plant Relationships. The Mycota. Vol. 5. Berlin: Springer Nature Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-540-87407-2. OCLC 318545655. ISBN 978-3-540-87406-5. ISBN 978-3-642-09952-6.: 63 
    • Brown, James K. M.; Hovmøller, Mogens S. (2002-07-26). "Aerial Dispersal of Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant Disease". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 297 (5581): 537–541. doi:10.1126/science.1072678. ISSN 0036-8075.
    • Zhan, Jiasui; Thrall, Peter H.; Papaïx, Julien; Xie, Lianhui; Burdon, Jeremy J. (2015-08-04). "Playing on a Pathogen's Weakness: Using Evolution to Guide Sustainable Plant Disease Control Strategies". Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews. 53 (1): 19–43. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120040. ISSN 0066-4286.
    • Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Caffier, Valérie; Jalli, Marja (2000). "The European barley powdery mildew virulence survey and disease nursery 1993-1999". Agronomie. EDP Sciences. 20 (7): 729–743. doi:10.1051/agro:2000172. ISSN 0249-5627. HAL Id: 00886083.
    • "Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
    • Lisovoy, M. P.; Parphenyuk, A. I. (1997). "Pathogenicity of Puccinia recondita, Erysiphe graminis and Pseudocercosporella spp. in the Ukraine and sources of group resistance of the winter wheat to these pathogens". Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection. Taylor & Francis. 31 (1): 45–49. doi:10.1080/03235409709383215. ISSN 0323-5408.


Media related to Lviv Oblast at Wikimedia Commons


На других языках

[de] Oblast Lwiw

Die Oblast Lwiw oder das Gebiet Lemberg (ukrainisch Львівська область .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Lwiwska oblast; russisch Львовская область Lwowskaja oblast) ist eine Verwaltungseinheit der Ukraine im Nordwesten des Landes. Sie hat 2.497.750 Einwohner (Anfang 2021; de facto).[1]
- [en] Lviv Oblast

[ru] Львовская область

Льво́вская о́бласть (укр. Льві́вська о́бласть), разг. Льво́вщина (укр. Льві́вщина) — административно-территориальная единица на западе Украины, образована 4 декабря 1939 года[4]. Областной центр — город Львов.


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