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Brown County (county code BR) is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,508.[1] Its county seat and most populous city is Hiawatha.[2] Brown County is the location of the Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas, the majority of the Sac and Fox Reservation and the majority of the Iowa Reservation of Kansas and Nebraska.

Brown County
County
Brown County Courthouse in Hiawatha (2011)
Location within the U.S. state of Kansas
Kansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°48′N 95°35′W
Country	United States
State	Kansas
Founded	August 25, 1855
Named for	Albert Gallatin Brown
Seat	Hiawatha
Largest city	Hiawatha
Area
• Total	572 sq mi (1,480 km2)
• Land	571 sq mi (1,480 km2)
• Water	1.2 sq mi (3 km2)  0.2%%
Population  (2020)[1]
• Total	9,508
• Density	16.7/sq mi (6.4/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code	785
Congressional district	2nd
Website	brcoks.org

History

Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. Brown County was founded in 1855,[3] was named for Albert G. Brown.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 572 square miles (1,480 km²), of which 571 square miles (1,480 km²) is land and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km²) (0.2%) is water.[5] The Wolf River has its source in the county.[6] Brown State Fishing Lake, formerly known as "Brown County State Park" is in the county, 8 miles (13 km) east of Hiawatha.

Adjacent counties

• Richardson County, Nebraska (north)
• Doniphan County (east)
• Atchison County (southeast)
• Jackson County (southwest)
• Nemaha County (west)

Major highways

Sources: National Atlas,[7] U.S. Census Bureau[8]

• U.S. Route 36
• U.S. Route 73
• U.S. Route 75
• U.S. Route 159
• Kansas Highway 20
• Kansas Highway 246

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1860	2,607		—
1870	6,823		161.7%
1880	12,817		87.8%
1890	20,319		58.5%
1900	22,369		10.1%
1910	21,314		−4.7%
1920	20,949		−1.7%
1930	20,553		−1.9%
1940	17,395		−15.4%
1950	14,651		−15.8%
1960	13,229		−9.7%
1970	11,685		−11.7%
1980	11,955		2.3%
1990	11,128		−6.9%
2000	10,724		−3.6%
2010	9,984		−6.9%
2020	9,508		−4.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[9] 1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11] 1990-2000[12] 2010-2020[1]

As of the 2000 census,[13] there were 10,724 people, 4,318 households, and 2,949 families residing in the county. The population density was 19 people per square mile (7/km²). There were 4,815 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 86.87% White, 1.56% Black or African American, 8.82% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.

There were 4,318 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.80% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.70% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,971, and the median income for a family was $39,525. Males had a median income of $29,163 versus $19,829 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,163. About 10.60% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.40% of those under age 18 and 11.80% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

United States presidential election results for Brown County, Kansas[14]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	3,262	72.96%	1,104	24.69%	105	2.35%
2016	2,906	72.00%	863	21.38%	267	6.62%
2012	2,829	70.85%	1,076	26.95%	88	2.20%
2008	2,985	68.21%	1,317	30.10%	74	1.69%
2004	3,092	69.99%	1,268	28.70%	58	1.31%
2000	2,985	63.63%	1,512	32.23%	194	4.14%
1996	2,688	56.58%	1,529	32.18%	534	11.24%
1992	2,203	41.61%	1,476	27.88%	1,615	30.51%
1988	3,059	63.57%	1,719	35.72%	34	0.71%
1984	3,894	73.97%	1,303	24.75%	67	1.27%
1980	3,598	67.61%	1,370	25.74%	354	6.65%
1976	3,407	64.96%	1,745	33.27%	93	1.77%
1972	4,314	78.92%	1,038	18.99%	114	2.09%
1968	3,748	69.15%	1,199	22.12%	473	8.73%
1964	3,213	57.01%	2,386	42.33%	37	0.66%
1960	4,707	72.25%	1,773	27.21%	35	0.54%
1956	5,138	76.95%	1,519	22.75%	20	0.30%
1952	6,031	80.51%	1,440	19.22%	20	0.27%
1948	4,518	67.98%	2,060	31.00%	68	1.02%
1944	4,947	72.98%	1,817	26.80%	15	0.22%
1940	6,008	69.18%	2,633	30.32%	43	0.50%
1936	5,814	62.38%	3,495	37.50%	11	0.12%
1932	5,005	57.73%	3,604	41.57%	60	0.69%
1928	6,692	76.77%	2,005	23.00%	20	0.23%
1924	5,647	68.94%	1,866	22.78%	678	8.28%
1920	5,249	72.28%	1,937	26.67%	76	1.05%
1916	4,282	52.86%	3,503	43.25%	315	3.89%
1912	1,512	31.24%	1,774	36.65%	1,554	32.11%
1908	2,778	56.31%	2,044	41.44%	111	2.25%
1904	3,158	68.62%	1,244	27.03%	200	4.35%
1900	3,137	57.10%	2,298	41.83%	59	1.07%
1896	2,879	51.65%	2,618	46.97%	77	1.38%
1892	2,562	52.03%	0	0.00%	2,362	47.97%
1888	2,696	55.58%	1,803	37.17%	352	7.26%

Like all of Kansas outside the eastern cities, Brown County is overwhelmingly Republican, although its history of Yankee settlement means it has been thus for longer than certain other parts of the state. Brown was Alf Landon’s strongest county in his home state during his disastrous 1936 presidential campaign. FDR was never to win so much as 42 percent of the vote in any of his four Presidential elections; indeed no Democratic presidential nominee has ever won a majority in Brown County, with the highest percentage being 47 percent by William Jennings Bryan in 1896. A mortally divided Republican Party allowed Woodrow Wilson to win a plurality in 1912 with under 37 percent of the county’s vote – nonetheless since 1968 no Democrat has reached even that percentage.

Laws

Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 2000, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink without a food sales requirement.[15]

Education

Unified school districts[16]

• Hiawatha USD 415
• South Brown County USD 430

School district office in neighboring county

• Doniphan West USD 111
• Prairie Hills USD 113
• North Jackson USD 335

Bureau of Indian Education-affiliated tribal schools

• Kickapoo Nation School

Communities

Cities

Census-designated places

• Kickapoo Site 1
• Kickapoo Site 2
• Kickapoo Site 5
• Kickapoo Site 6
• Kickapoo Site 7
• Kickapoo Tribal Center

Unincorporated communities

• Baker
• Fidelity
• Mercier (originally called Germantown)
• Padonia

Townships

Brown County is divided into ten townships. The cities of Hiawatha, Horton, and Sabetha are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Township	FIPS	Population center	Population	Population density /km2 (/sq mi)	Land area km2 (sq mi)	Water area km2 (sq mi)	Water %	Geographic coordinates
Hamlin	29725		344	3 (8)	106 (41)	0 (0)	0.18%	39°57′1″N 95°36′40″W
Hiawatha	31700		739	4 (12)	164 (63)	0 (0)	0.18%	39°50′25″N 95°31′59″W
Irving	34500		311	2 (6)	137 (53)	0 (0)	0.04%	39°57′24″N 95°23′36″W
Mission	47200		645	3 (8)	219 (84)	2 (1)	0.73%	39°43′14″N 95°32′12″W
Morrill	48325	Morrill	503	5 (12)	105 (41)	0 (0)	0.24%	39°56′23″N 95°43′20″W
Padonia	54025		259	2 (6)	107 (41)	0 (0)	0.14%	39°57′2″N 95°31′4″W
Powhattan	57375		874	4 (10)	232 (90)	0 (0)	0.06%	39°43′49″N 95°41′59″W
Robinson	60350	Robinson	452	4 (10)	116 (45)	0 (0)	0.25%	39°48′29″N 95°23′49″W
Walnut	74875	Fairview	665	4 (11)	161 (62)	1 (0)	0.46%	39°50′53″N 95°42′27″W
Washington	75525	Everest	541	5 (12)	116 (45)	0 (0)	0.17%	39°41′43″N 95°24′41″W
Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Brown County, Kansas

References

Further reading

• Standard Atlas of Brown County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 70 pages; 1919.
• Plat Book of Brown County, Kansas; Northwest Publishing Company; 44 pages; 1904.
• Meacham's Illustrated Atlas of Brown and Nemaha Counties, Kansas; J.H. Meacham & Company; 127 pages; 1887.

External links

County

• Brown County - Official
• Brown County - Directory of Public Officials

Maps

• Brown County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

На других языках

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[de] Brown County (Kansas)

Brown County[1] ist ein County im Bundesstaat Kansas der Vereinigten Staaten. Der Verwaltungssitz (County Seat) ist Hiawatha.

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- [en] Brown County, Kansas

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[ru] Браун (округ, Канзас)

Браун[1] (англ. Brown County) — округ в штате Канзас, США. Официально образован 25-го августа 1855 года. По состоянию на 2010 год, численность населения составляла 9 984 человека.

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