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Ellsworth County (county code EW) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 6,376.[1] Its county seat and most populous city is Ellsworth.[2]

Ellsworth County
County
Ellsworth County Courthouse in Ellsworth (2013)
Location within the U.S. state of Kansas
Kansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates:
Country	United States
State	Kansas
Founded	February 26, 1867
Named for	Fort Ellsworth
Seat	Ellsworth
Largest city	Ellsworth
Area
• Total	723 sq mi (1,870 km2)
• Land	716 sq mi (1,850 km2)
• Water	7.4 sq mi (19 km2)  1.0%%
Population  (2020)[1]
• Total	6,376
• Density	8.9/sq mi (3.4/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code	785
Congressional district	1st
Website	ellsworthcounty.org

History

Early history

From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America both east and west of the Mississippi River. In 1762, after losing the French and Indian War to Great Britain, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1763 France ceded its territories east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

It regained the western territory under Napoleon, who sold it in 1803 to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. He had decided to get rid of the New World territories after failing to regain control of Saint-Domingue, where a slave rebellion had toppled colonial control. In 1804 Haiti declared independence as the second republic of the Western Hemisphere.

The Plains Indians retained control of much of their territory until the late 19th century, giving way finally before superior United States arms and technology. Their territories were invaded by settlers, and crossed by the development of improved routes for settlers' emigrant wagon trains to the West Coast, followed by more permanent construction of transcontinental railroads. These brought tens of thousands of settlers to the Plains.^{[citation needed]}

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized; and in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. Ellsworth County was established February 26, 1867. The county was named after the old Fort Ellsworth, named in honor of 2nd Lieutenant Allen Ellsworth of the 7th Iowa Cavalry (Company H), who supervised construction of the fort in 1864 during the American Civil War.[3] On November 17, 1866, the fort was renamed Fort Harker in honor of General Charles Garrison Harker who had died on June 27, 1864, from wounds received in an abortive offensive action in the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. The fort was subsequently moved to a new site about one mile to the northeast, and the old fort's remaining buildings were ordered torn down in June 1867.^{[citation needed]}

On March 22, 1869, Fourteen Pawnee Indians, including scouts who had been honorably discharged after working for the army, were traveling through Ellsworth County when they ran into U.S. cavalry troops. Though the Pawnees had discharge papers from the army, a fight ensued. The Indians retreated to a sandstone cave, known today as Palmer's Cave. Their attackers set fire to grass at the cave's entrance, and six to nine Pawnees were killed as they ran out. The others died from exposure without their possessions. A few days later, the post surgeon at nearby Fort Harker, in today's town of Kanopolis, removed six heads from their bodies, and shipped them to the Army Medical Museum in Washington, D.C., for cranial study.[4][5]

In the later 19th century, this area became known for cattle ranching and cattle drives. Town life was often riotous with cowboys celebrating after long drives.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 723 square miles (1,870 km²), of which 716 square miles (1,850 km²) is land and 7.4 square miles (19 km²) (1.0%) is water.[6] It is intersected by the Smoky Hill River.[7]

Adjacent counties

• Lincoln County (north)
• Saline County (east)
• McPherson County (southeast)
• Rice County (south)
• Barton County (southwest)
• Russell County (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1870	1,185		—
1880	8,494		616.8%
1890	9,272		9.2%
1900	9,626		3.8%
1910	10,444		8.5%
1920	10,379		−0.6%
1930	10,132		−2.4%
1940	9,855		−2.7%
1950	8,465		−14.1%
1960	7,677		−9.3%
1970	6,146		−19.9%
1980	6,640		8.0%
1990	6,586		−0.8%
2000	6,525		−0.9%
2010	6,497		−0.4%
2020	6,376		−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[1]

As of the 2000 census,[12] there were 6,525 people, 2,481 households, and 1,639 families residing in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile (4/km²). There were 3,228 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.67% White, 3.56% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.86% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.59% of the population.

There were 2,481 households, out of which 27.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.20% were married couples living together, 6.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.90% were non-families. 31.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.40% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 20.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 111.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,772, and the median income for a family was $44,360. Males had a median income of $30,110 versus $20,486 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,569. About 4.00% of families and 7.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.50% of those under age 18 and 11.10% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

United States presidential election results for Ellsworth County, Kansas[13]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	2,148	75.29%	648	22.71%	57	2.00%
2016	1,969	73.50%	521	19.45%	189	7.05%
2012	1,930	71.17%	702	25.88%	80	2.95%
2008	2,021	68.79%	851	28.97%	66	2.25%
2004	2,259	72.82%	801	25.82%	42	1.35%
2000	1,845	64.99%	825	29.06%	169	5.95%
1996	2,078	64.14%	899	27.75%	263	8.12%
1992	1,197	36.96%	1,010	31.18%	1,032	31.86%
1988	1,711	57.03%	1,219	40.63%	70	2.33%
1984	2,353	71.35%	905	27.44%	40	1.21%
1980	2,155	65.90%	886	27.09%	229	7.00%
1976	1,618	49.85%	1,573	48.46%	55	1.69%
1972	2,087	65.20%	1,028	32.11%	86	2.69%
1968	1,776	57.53%	1,060	34.34%	251	8.13%
1964	1,406	39.75%	2,118	59.88%	13	0.37%
1960	2,189	59.37%	1,488	40.36%	10	0.27%
1956	2,524	64.90%	1,351	34.74%	14	0.36%
1952	3,219	74.67%	1,068	24.77%	24	0.56%
1948	2,155	52.83%	1,879	46.07%	45	1.10%
1944	2,290	57.62%	1,678	42.22%	6	0.15%
1940	2,658	54.13%	2,237	45.56%	15	0.31%
1936	2,058	40.71%	2,990	59.15%	7	0.14%
1932	1,607	34.95%	2,928	63.68%	63	1.37%
1928	2,450	60.23%	1,588	39.04%	30	0.74%
1924	2,286	58.77%	950	24.42%	654	16.81%
1920	2,264	65.60%	1,090	31.59%	97	2.81%
1916	1,945	48.33%	1,936	48.11%	143	3.55%
1912	353	15.33%	1,045	45.38%	905	39.30%
1908	1,213	52.95%	1,039	45.35%	39	1.70%
1904	1,359	68.43%	578	29.10%	49	2.47%
1900	1,333	56.68%	1,006	42.77%	13	0.55%
1896	1,048	50.92%	992	48.20%	18	0.87%
1892	1,102	49.80%	0	0.00%	1,111	50.20%
1888	1,159	56.51%	831	40.52%	61	2.97%

Laws

Ellsworth County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986. Voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink, with a 30% food sales requirement.[14]

Education

Unified school districts

• Central Plains USD 112
• Ellsworth USD 327

Communities

Cities

• Ellsworth
• Wilson
• Kanopolis
• Holyrood
• Lorraine

Unincorporated communities

• Black Wolf
• Carneiro
• Delight
• Elkhorn
• Langley
• Venango
• Yankee Run

Ghost towns

• Arcola[15]
• Terra Cotta
• Frantz
• Midway

Townships

Ellsworth County is divided into nineteen townships. The city of Ellsworth is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Township	FIPS	Population center	Population	Population density /km2 (/sq mi)	Land area km2 (sq mi)	Water area km2 (sq mi)	Water %	Geographic coordinates
Ash Creek	02575		58	1 (2)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.51%	38°39′17″N 98°12′47″W
Black Wolf	07025		87	1 (2)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.10%	38°44′40″N 98°19′33″W
Carneiro	10800		57	1 (2)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.36%	38°45′2″N 97°59′46″W
Clear Creek	13725		91	1 (3)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.17%	38°44′10″N 98°6′16″W
Columbia	15025		60	1 (2)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.04%	38°50′5″N 98°18′50″W
Ellsworth	20525		797	9 (23)	88 (34)	0 (0)	0.23%	38°43′6″N 98°10′58″W
Empire	21150		174	1 (3)	171 (66)	14 (6)	7.79%	38°39′6″N 98°1′7″W
Garfield	25575		27	0 (1)	92 (36)	0 (0)	0.30%	38°50′9″N 98°6′42″W
Green Garden	28600	Lorraine	211	2 (6)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.22%	38°33′30″N 98°19′19″W
Langley	38600		76	1 (2)	92 (35)	2 (1)	1.86%	38°35′33″N 97°58′15″W
Lincoln	40675		62	1 (2)	95 (37)	0 (0)	0.22%	38°39′8″N 98°18′0″W
Mulberry	49050		44	0 (1)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.24%	38°50′5″N 97°58′28″W
Noble	50825		90	1 (3)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.04%	38°44′51″N 98°25′33″W
Palacky	54100		63	1 (2)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.08%	38°38′51″N 98°25′56″W
Sherman	64950		65	1 (2)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.22%	38°49′21″N 98°13′7″W
Thomas	70450		72	1 (2)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.21%	38°33′56″N 98°11′33″W
Trivoli	71525		55	1 (2)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.38%	38°35′7″N 98°4′23″W
Valley	72800	Holyrood	577	6 (16)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.14%	38°34′22″N 98°24′56″W
Wilson	79700	Wilson	894	10 (25)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.06%	38°49′34″N 98°27′23″W
Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002.

See also

• Faris Caves
• Kanopolis Drive-in Theatre
• Kanopolis State Park and Kanopolis Lake
• Mushroom Rock State Park
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Ellsworth County, Kansas

References

Notes

Further reading

• Standard Atlas of Ellsworth County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 70 pages; 1918.
• Plat Book of Ellsworth County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 41 pages; 1901.

External links

County

• Ellsworth County - Official
• Ellsworth County - Directory of Public Officials

Other

• Ellsworth County Independent Reporter (local newspaper)
• Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961 (Ellsworth County)

Maps

• Ellsworth County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

На других языках

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[de] Ellsworth County

Ellsworth County[1] ist ein County im Bundesstaat Kansas der Vereinigten Staaten. Der Verwaltungssitz (County Seat) ist Ellsworth.

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- [en] Ellsworth County, Kansas

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[ru] Элсуэрт (округ)

Э́лсуэрт[1] (англ. Ellsworth County; стандартное обозначение EW) — округ в штате Канзас, США. Официально образован 26-го февраля 1867 года. По состоянию на 2010 год, численность населения составляла 6 497 человек.

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