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Kamchatka Krai (Russian: Камча́тский край, tr. Kamchatsky kray, IPA: [kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), situated in the Russian Far East, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Its capital and largest city is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, home to over half of its population of 322,079 (2010).[10]

It has been suggested that List of chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2022.

Kamchatka Krai
Krai
Камчатский край
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Kamchatka Krai[1]
Coordinates: 56°00′N 159°00′E
Country	Russia
Federal district	Far Eastern[2]
Economic region	Far Eastern[3]
Administrative center	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Government
• Body	Legislative Assembly[4]
• Governor[4]	Vladimir Solodov[5]
Area [6]
• Total	472,300 km2 (182,400 sq mi)
• Rank	10th
Population
• Estimate  (2018)[7]	315,557
Time zone	UTC+12 (MSK+9 [8])
ISO 3166 code	RU-KAM
License plates	41, 82
OKTMO ID	30000000
Official languages	Russian[9]
Website	https://www.kamgov.ru/

Kamchatka Krai was formed on July 1, 2007, as a result of the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug, based on the voting in a referendum on the issue on October 23, 2005. The okrug retains the status of a special administrative division of the krai, under the name of Koryak Okrug.

The Kamchatka Peninsula forms the majority of the krai's territory, separating the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the Pacific Ocean. The remainder is formed by a minor northern mainland portion, Karaginsky Island, and the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea. It is bordered by Magadan Oblast to the west and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the north. Kamchatka Krai is an active volcanic zone that is home to Kluchevskaya, the highest active volcano in Eurasia, and the Decade Volcanoes of Avachinsky and Koryaksky.

Geography

Kamchatka Krai occupies the territory of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland, the island Karaginsky and the Commander Islands. It is bounded to the east by the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean (a coastline of more than 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi)) and to the west by the Okhotsk Sea (a coastline of approximately 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi)).

Mountain ranges: Sredinny Range (about 900 kilometres (560 mi) long), Eastern Range (about 600 kilometres (370 mi) long), and the Koryak Mountains, with the Ukelayat Range, Vetvey Range, Penzhinsky, Pahachinsky, Pylgin, and Olyutor ranges. Heights: Khuvkhoitun (2,613 meters (8,573 ft)), Ledyanaya (2,562 meters (8,406 ft)), Acute (2,552 meters (8,373 ft)), Shishel (2,531 meters (8,304 ft)), Tylele volcano (2,234 meters (7,329 ft)).

The longest rivers are the Vyvenka, Penzhina, Talovka, Lakhacha, Apuka, Kamchatka, and Ukelayat. The largest freshwater lakes are Kronotskoye, Talovskoye, and Palanskoye.

Peninsulas: Olyutor Peninsula, Gavena Peninsula, Ilpinsky Peninsula, Ozernoy Peninsula, Kamchatskiy Peninsula, Shipunksiy Peninsula [ru], and the Yelistratova Peninsula.

Islands (NW-NE going clockwise): Verkhoturov Island, Karaginsky Island, the Commander Islands, Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai), Konus Island, Zubchaty Island, Rovny Island, Dobrzhanskogo Island, Vtoroy Island, Krayniy Island and Trety Island. Despite their proximity, the Kuril Islands are not part of Kamchatka Krai, falling instead under Sakhalin Oblast.

Kamchatka belongs to the zone of volcanic activity, there are about 300 large and medium-sized volcanoes, 29 of them are active. The largest volcano in Eurasia – Kluchevskaya (altitude 4,750 meters (15,580 ft)). With the volcanic activity associated with the formation of many minerals and a manifestation of hydro geothermal activity: education fumaroles, geysers, hot springs, etc.

Despite Kamchatka lying at similar latitudes to Scotland, it is mostly subarctic, more continental in the hinterland, and more maritime and prone to monsoons on the coast.

This section includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2020)

Nature

Most of the peninsula is covered with forests of stone birch, while alder and cedar elfin are commonly found at higher altitudes. In central areas, especially in the Kamchatka River valley, widespread forests of larch and spruce can be found. In floodplains, forests grow with fragrant poplar, alder, Chosenia, and Sakhalin willow. In the second tier, undergrowth such as the common hawthorn, Asian cherry, Kamchatka rowan, and shrubs growing Kamchatka elderberries, Kamchatka honeysuckle, meadowsweet, willow shrubs, and many other species.

More than 14.5% of the territory of the Kamchatka Territory is specially protected. There are six protected areas of federal significance (three-state reserves, one federal reserve "South Kamchatka," two spa areas – "Resort Paratunka," "Malkinskie mineral waters"); four natural parks of regional significance ("Nalychevo," "Bystrinsky," "South Kamchatka," "Kluchevskoy"); 22 reserves of regional importance; 116 monuments of nature; four protected areas (landscape natural park "Blue Lake," Southwest and Tundra Sobolewski reserves).

Kronotsky Nature Reserve is a nature area reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remote Russian Far East, on the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.[11] It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of 10,990 square kilometers (4,240 sq mi).[11] It also has Russia's only geyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous volcanoes, both active and extinct. Due to its often harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the "Land of Fire and Ice".[12]

It is mainly accessible only to scientists, plus approximately 3,000 tourists annually who pay a fee equivalent to US$700 to travel by helicopter for a single day's visit.[12] Kronotsky Nature Reserve has been proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[13]

Climate

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Kamchatka Russia[14][15][16][17][18]

City	July (°C)	July (°F)	January (°C)	January (°F)
Klyuchi	20.7/11.1	69/52	-12.9/-20.4	9/-5
Kamenskoye	19.1/8.8	66/48	−20.8/−28.2	-5/-19
Ossora	16.4/9.3	62/49	−11/−20.1	12/−4
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky	16.5/10	62/50	−4.4/−9.2	24/15
Bering Island	10.7/7.7	51/46	−2/−5.5	28/22

Administrative divisions

Economy

The main industries in Kamchatka include fishing and forestry. Coal and other raw materials are extracted. Due to its geographical location near major shipping routes, it is a center for shipbuilding, ship repair, and related services.[19] There are also oil and mineral resources which are yet to be fully developed.[20]

The largest companies in the region include Kamchatskenergo (power distribution company with revenues of $257.1 million in 2017), Oceanrybflot (fishing company, $248.53 million), Morskoy Trast ($197.11 million), Amethystvoye Mining and Processing Combine (gold mine, part of Renova Group, $171.4 million).[21]

Demographics

Population: 322,079 (2010 Census);[10] 358,801 (2002 Census);[22] 466,096 (1989 Census).[23]

• Births (2008 Jan–Nov): 3,673 (11.55 per 1000)
• Deaths (2008 Jan–Nov): 3,554 (11.17 per 1000)[24]

Vital statistics for 2007

Source:[25]

• Births: 3,931 (11.32 per 1000, 11.36 for urban areas & 11.20 for rural areas).
• Deaths: 3,863 (11.13 per 1000, 10.49 for urban areas & 13.63 for rural areas).
• Natural Growth Rate: +0.02% per year (+0.09% for urban areas & -0.24% for rural areas).

After nearly two decades, Kamchatka recorded a net natural population growth instead of decline in 2007. However, in first half of 2008, the trend was reversed and population decline was observed again, partly due to an increased mortality rate among the rural population.

Vital statistics for 2012

• Births: 4 158 (13.0 per 1000)
• Deaths: 3 691 (11.5 per 1000)[26]

Total fertility rate:[27]
2009 – 1.58 | 2010 – 1.51 | 2011 – 1.61 | 2012 – 1.73 | 2013 – 1.77 | 2014 – 1.85 | 2015 – 1.89 | 2016 – 1.90(e)

Ethnic composition

There were 108 recognized ethnic groups in the krai as of 2010. Indigenous peoples of the North made up only 5% of the total population.[10]

• Russians – 85.9%
• Ukrainians – 3.9%
• Koryaks – 2.3%
• Itelmens – 0.8%
• Tatars – 0.8%
• Belarusians – 0.6%
• Evens – 0.6%
• Kamchadals – 0.5%
• Chukchi – 0.5%
• Koreans – 0.5%
• Others – 3.6%
• 28,084 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[28]

Religion

According to a 2012 survey,[29] 31.2% of the population of Kamchatka adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4.4% are unaffiliated Christians, 0.8% are Orthodox Christians who do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. 2% of the population adhere to the Slavic native faith or Siberian shamanism, 1.2% to Islam, 0.6% to forms of Protestantism, and 0.4% to Hinduism. In addition, 22.8% of the population declare themselves to be spiritual but not religious, 21% are atheist, and 14.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[29]

See also

• List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai

References

Notes

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Закон №397 от 5 марта 2010 г. «О гимне Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №524 от 23 сентября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 4 Закона Камчатского края "О гимне Камчатского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования с учётом положений части 2. Опубликован: "Официальные ведомости", №55–57, 18 марта 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Law #397 of March 5, 2010 On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #524 of September 23, 2014 On Amending Article 4 of the Law of Kamchatka Krai "On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai". Effective as of the day of the official publication, after accounting for the clauses of Part 2.).
• Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Постановление №326 от 4 декабря 2008 г. «Устав Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №715 от 7 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении поправок в Устав Камчатского края». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальные Ведомости", №199–200, 11 декабря 2008 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Resolution #326 of December 4, 2008 Charter of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #715 of December 7, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Kamchatka Krai. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
• Государственная Дума Российской Федерации. Федеральный конституционный закон №2-ФКЗ от 12 июля 2006 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Камчатской области и Корякского автономного округа». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Constitutional Law #2-FKZ of July 12, 2006 On Establishing Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug. ).

На других языках

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[de] Region Kamtschatka

Die Region Kamtschatka (russisch Камчатский край .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Kamtschatski krai) ist ein Föderationssubjekt Russlands, das am 1. Juli 2007 durch Zusammenschluss der beiden Subjekte Oblast Kamtschatka (171.266 km²) und Autonomer Kreis der Korjaken (293.899 km²) gebildet wurde. Geografisch nimmt es die gesamte Halbinsel Kamtschatka sowie einige Gebiete nördlich hiervon ein.

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- [en] Kamchatka Krai

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[ru] Камчатский край

Камча́тский край (Камча́тка) — субъект Российской Федерации[4]. Входит в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа, является частью Дальневосточного экономического района.

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