Zabaykalsky Krai (Russian:Забайкальский край, tr.Zabaikal'skii krai,IPA:[zəbɐjˈkalʲskʲɪj kraj], lit. "Transbaikal krai"; Buryat: Yбэр Байгалай хизаар, romanized:Uber Baigalai Xizaar) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that was created on March1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March11, 2007. The Krai is now part of the Russian Far East as of November 2018 in accordance with a decree issued by Russian President Vladimir Putin.[9] The administrative center of the krai is located in the city of Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.[5]
The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) (998km) and Mongolia (Dornod Province, Khentii Province and Selenge Province) (868km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk and Amur Oblasts, as well as with the Buryatia and the Sakha Republic. The Khentei-Daur Highlands are located at the southwestern end. The Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying west of Chita.
Upper Middle River Sakukan, Kalarsky District.The Chara Sands, a desert like area in the middle of Siberia, as seen near Novaya Chara. The Kodar Mountains lie in the background.
History
See also: Transbaikal
The first traces of human presence in the area dates to 35-150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of Chita, near Ust-Menza on the Chikoy River.
Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language.[10]
Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory.[11] The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330-555), Mongol Empire (1206-1368) and Northern Yuan (1368-1691).[12]
Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit, Tayichiud, Jalairs and Khamag Mongols inhabited in the krai.[12] In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka, upper Amur, and on the Bureya River. They thus gave their name to the region of Dauria, also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal. Today Buryat-Mongols remained in the territory of the krai.
Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on November17, 2006, he supported the initiative.
A referendum on unification took place on March11, 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:
"Do you agree that the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation?"
In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus - 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus - 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.
On July23, 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on July 5, 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on July 11, 2007.
Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Zabaykalsky Krai
Economy
Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and Chemical Association, Territorial Generating Company №14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine.[13]
Government
Ravil Geniatulin, the Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on February5, 2008 by the majority of the deputies of both Chita Oblast Duma and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma. He assumed the post on March1, 2008.[14] United Russia candidate Natalia Zhdanova was elected governor with 54% of the vote on September 18, 2016.[15]
According to the 2010 Census,[5] Russians made up 89.9% of the population while Buryats were 6.8%. Other significant groups were Ukrainians (0.6%), Tatars (0.5%), Armenians (0.4%), Azeris (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%). 19,981 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]
Religion in Zabaykalsky Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[22][23]
Spiritual but not religious
28%
Russian Orthodoxy
24.6%
Atheism and irreligion
17.1%
Other and undeclared
16.8%
Buddhism
6.3%
Other Christians
5.6%
Other Orthodox
1.6%
As of a 2012 survey[22] 25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6.25% to Buddhism, 6% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or being member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be atheist, and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey.[22]
See also
List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Zabaikalsky Krai
Президент Российской Федерации.Указ№849от13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.Decree#849ofMay 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as ofMay 13, 2000.).
Госстандарт Российской Федерации.№ОК 024-9527 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.#OK 024-95December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment#5/2001 OKER. ).
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Законодательное Собрание Забайкальского края.Закон№125-ЗЗКот17 февраля 2009 г. «Устав Забайкальского края», в ред. Закона №1307-ЗЗК от25 марта 2016 г«О внесении изменения в статью52 Устава Забайкальского края». Вступил в силучерез десять дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Забайкальский рабочий", №30, 18 февраля 2009 г. (Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai.Law#125-ZZKofFebruary17, 2009 Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Law#1307-ZZK ofMarch25, 2016 On Amending Article52 of the Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai. Effective as ofthe day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
Федеральный конституционный закон№5-ФКЗот21 июля 2007 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Читинской области и Агинского-Бурятского автономного округа». (Federal Constitutional Law#5-FKZofJuly21, 2007 On the Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug. ).
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