Kabardino-Balkaria - Russia - world.wikisort.org

world.wikisort.org - Russia

The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic[13][14][15][16] (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, Qabartı-Malqar Respublika), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 859,939[8] on 12,500 km² (4,800 sq mi). Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe, Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Republic
Кабардино-Балкарская Республика
Other transcription(s)
• Kabardian	Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ
• Karachay-Balkar	Къабарты-Малкъар Республика
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic [1]

Coordinates: 43°35′N 43°24′E
Country	Russia
Federal district	North Caucasian[2]
Economic region	North Caucasus[3]
Capital	Nalchik
Government
• Body	Parliament[4]
• Head[5]	Kazbek Kokov[6]
Area [7]
• Total	12,500 km² (4,800 sq mi)
• Rank	78th
Population (2010 Census)[8]
• Total	859,939
• Estimate (2018)[9]	865,828 (+0.7%)
• Rank	59th
• Density	69/km² (180/sq mi)
• Urban	54.5%
• Rural	45.5%
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [10])
ISO 3166 code	RU-KB
License plates	07
OKTMO ID	83000000
Official languages	Russian;[11] Balkar, Kabardian[12]

Circassians Адыгэхэр
Part of a series on the
Circassia Adyghe Xabze Circassians List of notable Circassians Circassian genocide
Circassian diaspora
Turkey Jordan Israel Syria Germany United States Saudi Arabia Libya Iraq Iran Egypt Bulgaria Kosovo (historical) Romania (historical)
Circassian tribes
Surviving Abadzekh Besleney Bzhedug Chemirgoy Kabardian Natukhaj Shapsug Ubykh Destroyed or barely existing Ademey Chebsin Cherchenay Guaye Hakuchey Hatuqway Khatuq Khegayk Makhosh Mamkhegh Yegeruqway Zhaney
Religion
Religion in Circassia Islam Christianity Circassian paganism
Languages and dialects
West Circassian (Adyghe) East Circassian (Kabardian)
History
Show Ancient Maykop culture Maeotians Zygii Medieval Mongol invasion of Circassia Zichia Inal the Great Modern Circassia Russo-Circassian War Circassian Revolution Circassian Majlis Circassian genocide Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus Circassian Union and Mutual Aid Society Contemporary Adygea Kabardino-Balkaria Karachay-Cherkessia Shapsugsky National District (until 1945) Key battles Battle of Kanzhal Battle of Qbaada
Culture
Adyghe Xabze Circassian nationalism Circassian flag Circassian beauty Circassian music Circassian cuisine Circassian mythology Circassian Day of Mourning
v t e

Geography

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part. The republic shares an international border with Georgia.

Area: 12,500 square kilometers (4,800 sq mi)
Borders:
- internal: Stavropol Krai (N/NE), North Ossetia–Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay–Cherkessia (W/NW)
- international: Georgia (Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Zemo Svaneti) (S/SW)
Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
Maximum N->S distance: 167 kilometers (104 mi)
Maximum E->W distance: 123 kilometers (76 mi)

Kabardino-Balkaria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Rivers

Major rivers include:

Terek River (623 km)
Malka River (216 km)
Baksan River (173 km)
Urukh River (104 km)
Chegem River (102 km)
Cherek River (76 km)
Argudan River
Kurkuzhin River
Lesken River

Lakes

There are about 100 lakes in the Republic, none of which is large. Just over half (55) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 square kilometers (0.0039 sq mi). Some of the lakes are:

Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)
Lower Goluboye Lake
Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
Upper Tserikkel Lake (depth 18 m)
Sekretnoye Lake
Tambukan Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

Mountains

Mount Elbrus (5,642 m), a volcanic mountain and the highest peak in Europe, Russia, and the Caucasus

Other major mountains include:

Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)
Mount Koshtantau (5,151 m)
Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)

Natural resources

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2022)

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.

Climate

The republic has a continental type climate.

Average January temperature: −12 °C (10 °F) (mountains) to −4 °C (25 °F) (plains)
Average July temperature: +4 °C (39 °F) (mountains) to +23 °C (73 °F) (plains)
Average annual precipitation: 500–2,000 mm.

History

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2022)

Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the Head. The current Head is Kazbek Kokov.[17] The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five-year term.[4][18]

The republic adopted a new constitution in 2001 which prevents the republic from existing independently of the Russian Federation.[19]

Administrative divisions

Cities and towns under republic's jurisdiction
- Nalchik (Нальчик) (capital)
- Baksan (Баксан)
- Prokhladny (Прохладный)
Districts:
- Baksansky (Баксанский)
- Chegemsky (Чегемский)
  - Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    - Chegem (Чегем)
- Chereksky (Черекский)
- Elbrussky (Эльбрусский)
  - Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    - Tyrnyauz (Тырныауз)
- Leskensky (Лескенский)
- Maysky (Майский)
  - Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    - Maysky (Майский)
- Prokhladnensky (Прохладненский)
- Tersky (Терский)
  - Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    - Terek (Терек)
- Urvansky (Урванский)
  - Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    - Nartkala (Нарткала)
- Zolsky (Зольский)

Demographics

Population

Population: 859,939 (2010 Census);[8] 901,494 (2002 Census);[20] 759,586 (1989 Census).[21]

Life expectancy:[22][23]

	2019	2021
Average:	76.5 years	73.8 years
Male:	72.6 years	69.9 years
Female:	79.9 years	77.3 years

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service Archived April 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates
1970	592	11,683	3,913	7,770	19.7	6.6	13.1
1975	634	12,315	4,717	7,598	19.4	7.4	12.0
1980	680	14,098	5,457	8,641	20.7	8.0	12.7
1985	725	15,941	5,854	10,087	22.0	8.1	13.9
1990	772	15,412	6,573	8,839	20.0	8.5	11.5	2,45
1991	788	14,952	6,995	7,957	19.0	8.9	10.1	2,35
1992	799	13,728	7,093	6,635	17.2	8.9	8.3	2,16
1993	807	11,781	7,864	3,917	14.6	9.7	4.9	1,86
1994	816	11,407	8,052	3,355	14.0	9.9	4.1	1,79
1995	828	10,844	8,236	2,608	13.1	9.9	3.2	1,67
1996	840	10,293	8,199	2,094	12.2	9.8	2.5	1,56
1997	853	10,016	7,985	2,031	11.7	9.4	2.4	1,47
1998	866	9,997	8,201	1,796	11.5	9.5	2.1	1,44
1999	875	9,221	8,292	929	10.5	9.5	1.1	1,30
2000	883	9,207	8,792	415	10.4	10.0	0.5	1,26
2001	891	8,892	8,778	114	10.0	9.9	0.1	1,19
2002	897	9,119	8,954	165	10.2	10.0	0.2	1,20
2003	896	9,294	9,202	92	10.4	10.3	0.1	1,20
2004	889	9,414	8,695	719	10.6	9.8	0.8	1,22
2005	882	8,991	9,034	- 43	10.2	10.2	-0.0	1,13
2006	875	9,308	8,764	544	10.6	10.0	0.6	1,16
2007	870	11,397	8,441	2,956	13.1	9.7	3.4	1,41
2008	866	12,052	8,095	3,957	13.9	9.3	4.6	1,49
2009	863	12,143	8,406	3,737	14.1	9.7	4.3	1,62
2010	860	12,576	8,080	4,496	14.6	9.4	5.2	1,66
2011	860	12,848	8,136	4,712	14.9	9.4	5.5	1,70
2012	859	13,786	7,709	6,077	16.0	9.0	7.0	1,83
2013	859	13,365	7,712	5,653	15.6	9.0	6.6	1,80
2014	860	13,397	7,571	5,826	15.6	8.8	6.8	1,83
2015	861	12,627	7,582	5,045	14.6	8.8	5.8	1,75
2016	863	12,191	7,386	4,805	14.1	8.5	5.6	1,73(e)
2017	865	11,092	7,391	3,701	12.8	8.5	4.3
2018	865	10,881	7,044	3,837	12.5	8.1	4.4
2019	866	9,973	7,142	2,831	11.5	8.2	3.3
2020		10,531	8,770	1,761	12.1	10.1	2.0

Note: TFR 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 source.[24]

Ethnic groups

Kabardino-Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North-West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2010 Census,[8] Kabardins make up 57.2% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (22.5%) and Balkars (12.7%). Other groups include Ossetians (1.1%), Turks (1.6%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Armenians (0.6%), Koreans (0.5%), Chechens (0.2%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic group	1926 Census¹		1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census³
Ethnic group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Kabardin	122,237	54.2%	152,237	42.4%	190,284	45.3%	264,675	45.0%	303,604	45.5%	364,494	48.2%	498,702²	55.3%	490,453	57.2%
Balkars	33,197	14.7%	40,747	11.3%	34,088	8.1%	51,356	8.7%	59,710	9.0%	70,793	9.4%	104,951	11.6%	108,577	12.7%
Russians	32,622	14.5%	129,067	35.9%	162,586	38.7%	218,595	37.2%	234,137	35.1%	240,750	31.9%	226,620	25.1%	193,155	22.5%
Ossetians	3,839	1.7%	4,608	1.3%	6,442	1.5%	9,167	1.6%	9,710	1.5%	9,996	1.3%	9,845	1.1%	9,129	1.1%
Ukrainians	24,723	11.0%	11,142	3.1%	8,400	2.0%	10,620	1.8%	12,139	1.8%	12,826	1.7%	7,592	0.8%	4,800	0.6%
Others	8,803	3.9%	21,328	5.9%	18,315	4.4%	33,790	5.7%	47,246	7.1%	55,672	7.4%	53,784	6.0%	51,556	6.0%
¹ The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo-Balkarian AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians.[25] ² In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high. ³ 2,269 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[26]

Religion

Religion in Kabardino-Balkaria as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[27][28]

Islam			70.8%
Russian Orthodoxy			11.6%
Other Christians			4%
Native faiths			1.8%
Spiritual but not religious			5.6%
Atheism and irreligion			4.4%
Other and undeclared			1.8%

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,[27] 70.8% of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria adheres to Islam, 11.6% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 1.8% to Adyghe (Kabardian) folk religion and other indigenous faiths, 3.8% are unaffiliated generic Christians. In addition, 12% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 5.6% is Atheist or follows other religions including Jehovah's Witnesses.[27]

References

Notes

Law #13-RZ
Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 91
Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 78
Official website of the Head of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Biography Archived October 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 76
"Head of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic reported to the President on the situation in Mount Elbrus region". President of Russia. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
"Russia's federal constituent entities". Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
Skutsch, Carl (November 7, 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
"Territorial divisions of the MIA of Russia". en.mvd.ru. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
Путин опять увольняет губернаторов, а на их место назначает однофамильцев или бывших губернаторов. А-а-а! Как не запутаться? Вот шпаргалка. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved September 26, 2018.
Constitution, Article 94.
Bell 2003, p. 78.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
"Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 28, 2022.
"Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
"Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики". Archived from the original on March 24, 2013.
"население кабардино-балкарии".
"ВПН-2010". Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

Sources

Совет Республики Парламента Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №13-РЗ от 4 августа 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №13-РЗ от 13 апреля 2015 г «О внесении изменений в статьи 2 и 4 Закона Кабардино-Балкарской Республики "О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики"». Вступил в силу 18 августа 1994 г. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", №148, 12 августа 1994 г. (Council of the Republic of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #13-RZ of August 4, 1994 On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #13-RZ of April 13, 2015 On Amending Articles 2 and 4 of the Law of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic "On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic". Effective as of August 18, 1994.).
Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. №28-РЗ 1 сентября 1997 г. «Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №40-РЗ от 19 октября 2015 г. «О поправках к Конституции Кабардино-Балкарской Республики». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", №177, 9 сентября 1997 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. #28-RZ September 1, 1997 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #40-RZ of October 19, 2015 On the Amendments to the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Дударев, В. А.; Евсеева, Н. А. (1987). И. Каманина (ed.). СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик (in Russian). Moscow.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kabardino-Balkaria.

(in Russian) Official website of the Head of the Republic
Pictures of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
BBC News. Kabardino-Balkaria Profile

Subdivisions of Russia

Federal subjects
Oblasts (46)	Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin Samara Saratov Smolensk Sverdlovsk Tambov Tomsk Tula Tver Tyumen Ulyanovsk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Yaroslavl
Republics (22)	Adygea Altai Bashkortostan Buryatia Chechnya Chuvashia Crimea¹ Dagestan Ingushetia Kabardino-Balkaria Kalmykia Karachay-Cherkessia Karelia Khakassia Komi Mari El Mordovia North Ossetia–Alania Sakha Tatarstan Tuva Udmurtia
Krais (9)	Altai Kamchatka Khabarovsk Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Zabaykalsky
Autonomous okrugs (4)	Chukotka Khanty-Mansi² Nenets³ Yamalo-Nenets²
Federal cities (3)	Moscow Saint Petersburg Sevastopol¹
Autonomous oblast (1)	Jewish
¹Claimed by Ukraine and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine. ²Administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast. ³Administratively subordinated to Arkhangelsk Oblast.

Internal additional non-constitutional divisions by different institutions
Federal districts (by President) Economic regions (by Ministry of Economic Development) Military districts (by Ministry of Defence) Judicial districts

v t e Administrative divisions of the Kabardino-Balkaria
Capital: Nalchik • Rural localities
	Districts	Baksansky Chegemsky Chereksky Elbrussky Leskensky Maysky Prokhladnensky Tersky Urvansky Zolsky
	Cities and towns	Baksan Chegem Maysky Nalchik Nartkala Prokhladny Terek Tyrnyauz

Countries and regions of the Caucasus

Abkhazia¹

Adjara

Adygea

Armenia

Artsakh¹

Azerbaijan

Chechnya

Dagestan

Georgia

Ingushetia

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kalmykia

Karachay-Cherkessia

Krasnodar Krai

Nakhchivan

North Ossetia – Alania

South Ossetia¹

Stavropol Krai

¹ Partially-recognized states

На других языках

[de] Kabardino-Balkarien

Das im Nordkaukasus gelegene Kabardino-Balkarien (russisch Кабардино-Балкария/ Transkription Kabardino-Balkarija, kabardinisch Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, balkarisch Къабарты-Малкъар Республика) ist seit 1991 eine Republik in Russland. Sie entstand beim Zerfall der Sowjetunion aus der Kabardino-Balkarischen ASSR der Russischen SFSR.

- [en] Kabardino-Balkaria

[ru] Кабардино-Балкария

Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика (кабард.-черк. Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; карач.-балк. Къабарты-Малкъар Республика; краткое название: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия) — субъект Российской Федерации, республика в её составе[5][6].

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