Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоле́нская о́бласть, Smolenskaya oblast; informal name — Smolenschina (Russian: Смоле́нщина))[12] is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was985,537.[8]
The oblast was founded on 27 September 1937.[13] It borders Pskov Oblast in the north, Tver Oblast in the northeast, Moscow Oblast in the east, Kaluga Oblast in south, Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, and Mogilev and Vitebsk Oblasts of Belarus, in the west and northwest, as part of the Belarus–Russia border.
Hydrography
The main river of the region is the Dnieper River and its tributaries, Desna, Vop, Vyazma. By the rivers of the Volga basin and its tributary Vazuza Gzhat and tributary of the Oka river, Ugra. To the north-west flows a short section of the Western Dvina River and its tributary river Kasplya .
Among the major reservoirs supplying water are Moscow Vazuzssky Yauza and reservoirs in the north-east, as well as cooling power plants, Smolensk reservoir in the north near the village of Lake and Desnogorsk Reservoir in the south area of the city near the Desnogorsk .
Climate
The climate of Smolensk Oblast is humid continental, similar to the climate of Moscow Oblast, but slightly warmer in winter due to being located further west. Summers are short, warm and rainy, while winters are long, cold and snowy. Average temperatures range from −9°C (16°F) in January to 17°C (63°F) in July (although in the south it ranges from −8°C (18°F) in January to 18°C (64°F) in July). Annual precipitation varies from 630 to 730mm (25 to 29in) per year.
Politics
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Smolensk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Smolensk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Smolensk is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast is divided into 25 districts (raions) and two cities, which are further divided into 15 towns, 12 urban-type settlements, and 302 rural okrugs.
According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the oblast was as follows:[8]
Russians: 94.6%
Ukrainians: 1.3%
Belarusians: 1.3%
Armenians: 0.5%
Others: 2.3%
41,457 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]
Religion
Religion in Smolensk Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[19][20]
Russian Orthodoxy
29%
Other Orthodox
1.9%
Old Believers
1.5%
Roman Catholic
0.6%
Protestantism
0.5%
Other Christians
6.6%
Spiritual but not religious
36.9%
Atheism and irreligion
14%
Other and undeclared
9%
According to a 2012 survey[19] 19.5% of the population of Smolensk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 3% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or belong to other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 2% are Old Believers, 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement, 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 45% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 9.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[19]
Notable people
Isaac Asimov (1920–1992), an American writer and professor of biochemistry, born in Petrovichi
Shmuel Schneersohn (1834–1882) an Orthodox rabbi, born in Lyubavichi
Ivan Sidorenko (1919–1994) a Red Army officer and sniper, born in Glinkovsky District
Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (1906–1993) a Russian mathematician and geophysicist, born in Gagarin
Mikhail Tukhachevsky (1893–1937) nicknamed the Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, a Soviet general
See also
2010 Polish presidential airplane crash
Katyn massacre
List of Chairmen of the Smolensk Oblast Duma
References
Citations
Президент Российской Федерации.Указ№849от13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.Decree#849ofMay 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as ofMay 13, 2000.).
Госстандарт Российской Федерации.№ОК 024-9527 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.#OK 024-95December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment#5/2001 OKER. ).
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Исполнительный комитет Смоленского областного совета народных депутатов. Государственный архив Смоленской области. "Административно-территориальное устройство Смоленской области. Справочник", изд. "Московский рабочий", Москва 1981. Стр.8
Смоленская областная Дума.Областной закон№37-зот15 мая 2001 г. «Устав Смоленской области», в ред. Областного закона №162-з от26 ноября 2015 г.«О поправке к уставу Смоленской области». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Рабочий путь", №116–117, 24 мая 2001 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma.Oblast Law#37-zofMay15, 2001 Charter of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law#162-z ofNovember26, 2015 On the Amendment to the Charter of Smolensk Oblast. Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2024 WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии