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Altai Krai (Russian: Алта́йский край) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, and the Altai Republic. The krai's administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the krai was 2,419,755.[7]

Altai Krai
Krai
Алтайский край
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of the Altai Krai
Coordinates: 52°46′N 82°37′E
Country	Russia
Federal district	Siberian[1]
Economic region	West Siberian[2]
Administrative center	Barnaul[3]
Government
• Body	Altai Krai Legislative Assembly[4]
• Governor[5]	Viktor Tomenko
Area [6]
• Total	169,100 km2 (65,300 sq mi)
• Rank	22nd
Population  (2010 Census)[7]
• Total	2,419,755
• Estimate  (2018)[8]	2,350,080 (−2.9%)
• Rank	21st
• Density	14/km2 (37/sq mi)
• Urban	54.7%
• Rural	45.3%
Time zone	UTC+7 (MSK+4 [9])
ISO 3166 code	RU-ALT
License plates	22
OKTMO ID	01000000
Official languages	Russian[10]
Website	http://www.altairegion22.ru

Name

The region is named after the Altai mountains.[11] In Russian, Altai Krai means the Altai region.

Geography

Altai Krai has rolling foothills, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and mountains.[12] The highest point of the krai is 2,490 metres (8,170 ft) high Mayak Shangina.

The climate is severe with long cold dry winters and hot, usually dry summers. The region's main waterway is the Ob River, which gives its name to the Ob Plateau.[13] The Biya and Katun Rivers are also important. The biggest lakes are Lake Kulunda, Lake Kuchuk, Bolshoye Topolnoye and Lake Mikhaylov.[14]

Altai Krai has rich natural resources, including lumber, as well as significant mineral reserves. These include the nonferrous metals lead, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, bauxite, and gold, as well as iron ore. Forests cover about 60,000 km² (23,000 sq mi) of the krai's land.[14] See also Geography of South-Central Siberia.

This region of Siberia is extremely important due to its biodiversity, an area of over 1.6 million hectares (16,000 square kilometres; 6,200 square miles) is recognised by Unesco as a World Heritage Site. The area is home to animals considered rare, including the endangered snow leopard.

History

Bone fragments of the Denisova hominin originate from the Denisova Cave in Altai Krai.

This area is part of a great crossroads in the ancient world.[15] Nomadic tribes crossed through the territory during periods of migration. These nomadic tribes consisted of different peoples. Archeological sites reveal that ancient humans lived in the area.[14] The Altay people are a Turkic people, some of whom settled here, who were originally nomadic and date back to the 2nd millennium BC.[16]

The territory of the krai has been controlled by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 AD), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Mongol Empire (1206-1368), the Golden Horde, the Northern Yuan (1368-1691) and the Zunghar Khanate (1634–1758).[17]

After the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the policy of war communism was imposed on the rural population of Altai Krai, destroying the livelihood of many local farmers. In response, the peasant rebellion of Sorokino broke out in 1921; this uprising was quickly crushed by the Red Army. Many locals who had taken part in the rebellion were later put on trial and convicted to hard labor or execution, in accordance with NKVD Order No. 00447 in 1937.[18]

During the interwar period, the Soviet state collectivised the livestock and husbandry activities of the Altai population within Altai Krai, resulting in local resistance to the measures and their subsequent migration, with their herds, to China and Mongolia.[19]

In June 1942 Altai Krai was one of the territories to which the families of men deported from Eastern Europe, in particular "foreigners" and "other ethnicities" such as Kola Norwegians, Lithuanians and Latvians, by Soviet Russia to hard labor camps.[20]

Administrative divisions

Heraldry

Flag

The flag of Altai Krai is red, with the leftmost portion blue. The blue portion contains, in golden yellow, a stylized depiction of an upright ear of wheat. Centered in the red field is the coat of arms of the territory.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Altai Krai was established in 2000. It includes a shield of French heraldry form with a basement of 8/10th of its height and a sharp part in the middle of the bottom part. Bottom edges of the shield are rounded. The shield is divided with a horizontal stripe into two equal parts. In the upper part has a blue background, which is a symbol of glory, is a steamy oven of the 18th century, which reflects a historical past of the krai. In the bottom part on the red background, which is a symbol of dignity, braveness and courage, is an image of the Koluvan Queen of Vases mainly in green color, which is kept in the Hermitage Museum. The shield is framed with golden wheat ears which represent agriculture as a main industry of Altai Krai.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Altai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Altai Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Altai Krai is the regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Krai Administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

On August 7, 2005, the krai's then-head of administration Mikhail Yevdokimov died in a car crash.

List of chairpersons of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly

The chairperson of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of that legislature.

Office-holders

Name	Took office	Left office
Aleksandr Surikov[21]	1994	1996
Aleksandr Nazarchuk	1996	2008
Ivan Loor[22]	2008	2016
Aleksandr Romanenko (politician) [ru]	2016	present

Economy

As of 2013 the Krai's largest enterprises were supermarket chain Maria-Ra [ru], coke fuel producer Altai-Koks and rolling stock manufacturer Altaivagon.[23] Evalar - a prominent dietary supplement manufacturer - is also located in Altai Krai.

In January 2019, the average wage in Altai Krai was 23,941 RUB, which was an increase of 6.3% over the previous year.[24]

Demographics

Population: 2,390,638 (2014 est.);[25] 2,419,755 (2010 Census);[7] 2,607,426 (2002 Census);[26] 2,822,305 (1989 Census).[27]

As of the 2010 Census,[7] Russians form an overwhelming majority of the population, at 93.9%. Germans are the second-largest group, at 2.1% (see Mennonite settlements of Altai and the German National District). Other groups include Ukrainians (1.4%), Kazakhs (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Belarusians (0.2%), Armenians (0.3%), and people of other ethnicities. Additionally, 40,984 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[28]

• Births: 30,739 (2011) [29]
• Deaths: 35,114 (2011) [29]

Vital statistics for 2012

• Births: 32 695 (13.6 per 1000)
• Deaths: 35 030 (14.6 per 1000) [30]
• Total fertility rate:[31]

2009 - 1.62 | 2010 - 1.63 | 2011 - 1.65 | 2012 - 1.81 | 2013 - 1.83 | 2014 - 1.84 | 2015 - 1.81 | 2016 - 1.79(e)

Settlements

Religion

According to a 2012 survey[32] 22.6% of the population of Altay Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are adherents of other Orthodox churches, 1% are adherents of Islam. In addition, 31% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 27% is atheist, and 14.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[32]

Sister district

• Xinjiang, China[34]

See also

• Altai Mountains
• Sayan Mountains
• Denisova Cave
• List of Chairmen of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly

References

Notes

Sources

• Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание. №3-ЗС 5 июня 1995 г. «Устав (основной закон) Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №118-ЗС от 1 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Алтайского края». Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №100, 14 июня 1995 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly. #3-ZS June 5, 1995 Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #118-ZS of December 1, 2015 On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai. ).
• Центральный исполнительный комитет СССР. Постановление от 28 сентября 1937 г. «О разделении Западно-Сибирского края на Новосибирскую область и Алтайский край». (Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Resolution of September 28, 1937 On Splitting West Siberian Krai into Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai. ).
• Jusopova, Evgenija (2010). "Vorgehen gegen die Teilnehmer des Aufstandes von Sorokino in der Altaj-Region". In Rolf Binner; Bernd Bonwetsch; Marc Junge (eds.). Stalinismus in der sowjetischen Provinz 1937–1938. Die Massenaktion aufgrund des operativen Befehls No. 00447 (in German). Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 91–109. ISBN 978-3-05-004685-3.

External links

• Official website of Altai Krai
• Official website of Altai Krai (in Russian)
• Kommersant.com. Information about Altai Krai
• Library of Congress Russian (pdf)
• History of Altai Krai
• Altai: a living spirit

На других языках

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[de] Region Altai

Die Region Altai (russisch Алтайский край .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Altaiski krai) – nicht zu verwechseln mit der kleineren, autonomen Republik Altai im Südosten – ist eine Verwaltungsregion (Krai) in Russland.

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- [en] Altai Krai

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[ru] Алтайский край

Алта́йский край — субъект Российской Федерации[4]. Входит в Сибирский федеральный округ, является частью Западно-Сибирского экономического района.

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