Nalchik (Russian: Нальчик; Kabardian: НалщӀэч /naːɮɕʼakʲ/; Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик /naltsɯk/) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62mi) northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania).[12] It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51sqmi). Its population has fluctuated over the years, with the following numbers: 240,203(2010 Census);[4]274,974(2002 Census);[13]234,547(1989 Census).[14]
Capital of Kabardino-Balkaria in the Russian North Caucasus
For other uses, see Nalchik (disambiguation).
City in Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
Nalchik
Нальчик
City
Othertranscription(s)
•Kabardian
НалщӀэч
•Balkar
Нальчик
Bochka Bar, Pobeda Cinema, Cathedral of Equal to the Apostle Mary Magdalene, Fountain at the Place de la Concorde in the Lenina Street, Monument to the Nalchans who died in the Great Patriotic War, Trees in a park, Snow in a memorial, Statue of Lenin, Central Mosque, KBSU Main Building
The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Slabada. It was inhabited by native Kabardians, Balkars, Chechens, Adeki, and Cherkese, until around 1743; groups occasionally clashed over and dispute their claims to the land. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there together with settling Mountain Jews in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. With the founding of the city of Nalchik, the disputes among the native groups calmed and life improved for the people in the region.
In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nalchiksky Okrug of the Terek Oblast.
The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of na'l, a common Middle Eastern word (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) for "horseshoe", possibly from the ancient Scythian, 'nalak" (horseshoe). The city of Nalchik was named this way because of how it is shaped as surrounded by the mountains of the land, and the Nalchik River is named after the city it runs across.
During World War II, on 2 November 1942, Nalchik was occupied by Romanian mountain troops (Vânători de munte) under the command of Brigadier General Ioan Dumitrache, its capture earning the Romanian General the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[15] The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. General Dumitrache went to great length ordering his troops to protect local population during the time Nalchik was occupied by Romanian forces. Professor A. N. Dainaco, the Mayor of Nalchik at that time, thanked General Dumitrache for liberating the city. Although he was accused of war crimes, General Dumitrache was fully exonerated after the war by a joint Soviet and Romanian judicial commission.[16]
Due to the harsh treatment of Jewish People by the Soviet Union, there has been a mass exodus of Jews from Nalchik over the decades, reducing the population that is left to a small percentage of what once was.
The historic River Nalchik was at its strongest until the 1950s, until the outflow from the mountains began to decrease.
In 1990, there was a 6.0 magnitude earthquake in Nalchik.
Nalchik was chosen the "second cleanest city of Russia" in 2003.
On October13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least14 civilians and wounding115. Thirty-five policemen were killed in the fighting and eighty-nine militants, including prominent leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed while another fifty-nine were arrested.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[6] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[7]
Ethnic groups
The population of the city in 2006 included the following breakdown by ethnicity:[citation needed]
Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).
Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:
Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural Academy[20]
Climate
Nalchik has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) with hot summers and no dry season. The warm season lasts from late May to mid-September and the cold season from December to March. Most forms of precipitation are light rain and thunderstorms, as well as light snow and moderate snow. Wind speeds are typically calm to a light breeze through the year.
PFC Spartak Nalchik is an association football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik on August28–September18, 2008.[23]
Notable people
Khadzhimurat Akkayev, Olympic weightlifter, born 1985
Astemir Apanasov, Circassian singer, musician, composer, and actor
Viktor Belenko, Soviet pilot who defected with a MiG-25, landing in Hakodate, Japan
Dima Bilan, singer, born 1981
Felix Frankl, Austrian and Soviet mathematician, physicist and aerodynamics (1905–1961)
Andre Geim, Soviet, British and Netherlands physicist; Nobel laureate
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
"North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики.Закон№12-РЗот27 февраля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №20-РЗ от23 апреля 2014 г.«О внесении изменений в отдельные республиканские Законы». Вступил в силуна следующий день после опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Law#12-RZofFebruary27, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law#20-RZ ofApril23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as ofthe day following the publication date.).
Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики.Закон№13-РЗот27 февраля 2005 г. «Об статусе и границах муниципальных образований в Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №20-РЗ от23 апреля 2014 г.«О внесении изменений в отдельные республиканские Законы». Вступил в силуна следующий день после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Law#13-RZofFebruary27, 2005 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law#20-RZ ofApril23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as ofthe day following the official publication date.).
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