Maykop (Russian: Майкоп mɐj'kop); Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ, romanized:Mıéquapə[məjaqʷaːpa]) is the capital city of the Republic of Adygea in Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River (a tributary of the Kuban River). It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally separate, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west.
The city gave its name to the early Bronze Age Maykop culture after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897.[11]
Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825,[12] the Imperial Russian Army built a military fort at Maykop in 1857.[13]
In 1910 oil deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop.[14] The city was the administrative center of the Maykopsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast.
In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with Adyghe Autonomous Oblast and became the administrative centre of the autonomy. The Wehrmacht occupied Maykop on 10 August 1942 without a fight as a result of a Brandenburger commando operation. German attempts to re-start oil production in the scorched-earth area proved only minimally successful. On 29 January 1943, the Transcaucasian Front of the Red Army re-took the town.[15]
Since 1991 Maykop has served as the capital of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation.
Economy
Brewery (cultural heritage)
The discovery of extensive underground oil reserves has made Maykop a major centre for oil extraction for the Soviet Union and, subsequently, Russia. Other economically important sectors are food processing and the timber industry.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as Maykop Republican Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] It has the following rural localities under its jurisdiction:[16]
As a municipal division, Maykop Republican Urban Okrug is incorporated as Maykop Urban Okrug.[5]
Ethnic groups
Grand Mosque of MaykopHoly Trinity Orthodox cathedral
Ethnic groups in the city (2010 data):[citation needed]
Russians (71.29%)
Adyghe (19.71%)
Armenians (3.03%)
Ukrainians (1.88%)
Other ethnic groups include Chechens, Daghestanis and Tatars.[17] There are ethnic tensions between the Muslim Adyghe and the Russians—with the two communities described as being "sharply divided".[18]
Education
Maykop female grammar school
Maykop is home to the Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University. There are also several facilities of professional education in Maykop.
There are a lot of schools. For example Adyghe Republican Gymnasium which is located near the mosque, the theatre and the park of friendship. It has 11 grades. There are a lot of rules: students must wear a uniform, girls must have pony tails or braids. The school has five buildings. There is a sports hall where students play basketball and volleyball. There is also a football pitch where boys play football. A canteen is a separate building.
Climate
Maykop Railway station
Maykop lies within the humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa), according to the Köppen climate classification, or just within the humid continental climate (Dfa) zone according to the 32°F or 0°C demarcation used by many United States climatologists.
February 15, 2010 saw Maykop record the absolute maximum for any winter month in Russia: 23.4°C or 74.1°F.
Military
On the south side of the city, alongside the Belaya River is the military complex housing the 131st Motor Rifle Brigade of the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces which took part in the First Chechen War.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
James B. Minahan (May 30, 2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z. ABC-CLIO. p.38. ISBN9780313076961.
Garvin, James Louis, ed. (1926). "Petroleum". The Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.3 (13ed.). The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, ltd. Retrieved September 11, 2019. The Maikop field in the province of Kuban on the north flank of the Caucasus, northeast of the Black Sea, was discovered in 1910.
Государственный Совет— Хасэ Республики Адыгея.Закон№171от5 мая 2000 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Адыгея», в ред. Закона №97 от6 июня 2012 г.«О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Адыгея в связи с принятием Закона Республики Адыгея "Об отнесении посёлка городского типа Тульского к категории посёлков— сельских населённых пунктов"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Адыгея", №156-157, 7 августа 2004 г. (State Assembly of the Republic of Adygea.Law#171ofMay5, 2000 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Adygea, as amended by the Law#97 ofJune6, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of the Republic of Adygea Due to the Adoption of the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On Transformation of the Urban-Type Settlement of Tulsky into a Settlement—a Rural Locality. Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Совет Республики Адыгея.Закон№223от24 мая 2004 г. «О муниципальном образовании "город Майкоп", наделении его статусом городского округа и установлении его границ», в ред. Закона №347 от27 ноября 2014 г.«О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Адыгея "О муниципальном образовании "город Майкоп", наделении его статусом городского округа и установлении его границ"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Адыгея", №102–103, 27 мая 2004 г. (Council of the Republic of Adygea.Law#223ofMay24, 2004 On the Municipal Formation "the City of Maykop", Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, and on the Establishment of Its Borders, as amended by the Law#347 ofNovember27, 2014 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On the Municipal Formation "the City of Maykop", Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, and on the Establishment of Its Borders". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
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