Yoshkar-Ola (Mari and Russian: Йошкар-Ола) is the capital city of the Mari El Republic, Russia. Yoshkar-Ola means “red city” in Mari and was formerly known as Tsaryovokokshaysk (Царевококшайск) before 1919, as Krasnokokshaysk (Краснококшайск) between 1919 and 1927 both after the Malaya Kokshaga River and Charla (Чарла), by the Mari people.

Yoshkar-Ola Йошка́р-Ола́
City[1]
Other transcription(s)
• Meadow Mari	Йошкар-Ола
View of the Brugge Embankment, with the Mari El Republican Puppet Theatre on the left.
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Song About Yoshkar-Ola[2]
Location of Yoshkar-Ola
Yoshkar-Ola Location of Yoshkar-Ola Show map of Mari El Yoshkar-Ola Yoshkar-Ola (European Russia) Show map of European Russia Yoshkar-Ola Yoshkar-Ola (Europe) Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 56°39′N 47°53′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Mari El[1]
Founded	1584[3][4]
City status since	1781[3]
Government
• Body	City Assembly of Yoshkar-Ola[5]
• Head[6]	Yevgeny Maslov (acting)[7]
Elevation	100 m (300 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[8]
• Total	248,782
• Estimate  (2018)[9]	268,272 (+7.8%)
• Rank	74th in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of republic significance of Yoshkar-Ola[1]
• Capital of	Mari El Republic[10]
• Capital of	city of republic significance of Yoshkar-Ola[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Yoshkar-Ola Urban Okrug[11]
• Capital of	Yoshkar-Ola Urban Okrug[11]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [12])
Postal code(s)[13]	424000–424008, 424010, 424016, 424019, 424020, 424026, 424028, 424030–424034, 424036–424040, 424045, 424700, 424899, 424950, 424999
Dialing code(s)	+7 8362
OKTMO ID	88701000001
City Day	August 6[14]
Website	www.i-ola.ru

Yoshkar-Ola was established as a military fortress in 1584, following the Russian conquest of the Mari-inhabited regions of the Volga and its tributaries. It is one of the centers of the Mari people (especially of the Meadow Mari subgroup) and the administrative center of the Yoshkar-Ola city district.

Demographics

Population: 248,782 (2010 Census);[8] 256,719 (2002 Census);[15] 241,601 (1989 Census).[16]

History

This section does not cite any sources. (September 2022)

Yoshkar-Ola was established as a military fortress in 1584, following the Russian conquest of the Mari region. Yoshkar-Ola means “red city” in Mari and before 1919 was known as Tsaryovokokshaysk (Царевококшайск), between 1919 and 1927 also as Krasnokokshaysk (Краснококшайск) both after the Malaya Kokshaga River and is known as Charla (Чарла) amongst the Mari people.

During the Soviet era, especially after World War II, the city was a regional industrial and transport center and grew to its current size.

The collapse of the Soviet Union removed support for state enterprises, and led to the shutdown of most manufacturing activity in the area. Much of the city's economic activity was supported by shuttle traders who would transport (often counterfeit) goods from the bustling markets of Moscow to Yoshkar-Ola's bazaars. The sharp decline in living standards led to the emigration of specialized professionals to larger cities in Russia.^[when?]

Geography

The Malaya Kokshaga River runs through the city.

Administrative and municipal status

Yoshkar-Ola is the capital of the Mari El Republic.[10] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Yoshkar-Ola —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Yoshkar-Ola is incorporated as Yoshkar-Ola Urban Okrug.[11]

Transport

Yoshkar-Ola is linked to other cities and regions in Russia by a series of train and bus routes. The local train station is currently served by a daily train to and from the capital Moscow with other short-service trains running to and from Kazan. Moscow and various other nearby towns and regions can also be reached by buses departing from the local bus station. The Yoshkar-Ola Airport is also located 9 km north of the city and handles small aircraft Moscow-bound flights (Vnukovo International Airport) since April 2012.

Destinations within the city limits can be reached through a network of buses, trolleys, and route taxis, or marshrutkas.

Economy

The 4th Kiev-Zhitomir Rocket Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army of the Strategic Rocket Forces is located nearby.[17]

Yoshkar-Ola has a prison colony, which came to international attention in September 2022 as the location of a Wagner group video in which Yevgeny Prigozhin promised convicts they would be released from prison if they served a six-month combat tour in the war against Ukraine.[18]

Climate

The climate of Yoshkar-Ola is very similar to that of Nizhny Novgorod or Kirov. The city is situated in a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). The winters are long and cold with much snow and average January temperatures between −10 and −15 °C (14 and 5 °F), and a record low of −47.3 °C (−53.1 °F). On the other hand, the city enjoys very warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry or rainy conditions with July as the hottest month, when average high is +25 °C (77 °F), and temperatures may stay around +35 °C (95 °F) for weeks.

Education

• 
  The main building of Volga State University of Technology
• 
  The main building of Mari State University

Yoshkar-Ola is home to 88 educational institutions, among them several institutions of higher education, including:

• Mari State University
• Volga State University of Technology (before 2012, Mari State Technical University)
• Interregional Open Social Institute

There are also 30 schools for primary students aged between 7 and 18 and 52 kindergartens. Additionally, Yoshkar-Ola has many private educational centers offering different qualifications and trainings in such disciplines as foreign languages, computer science and many others.

Twin towns – sister cities

Yoshkar-Ola is twinned with:[20]

• Bourges, France
• Princeton, West Virginia, United States
• Szombathely, Hungary

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yoshkar-Ola.

• Official website of Yoshkar-Ola (in Russian)
• Map of Yoshkar-Ola

References

Notes

Sources

• 24 июня 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №21-З от 31 июля 2014 г. «О поправке 59 к Конституции Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу 7 июля 1995 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Марийская правда", 7 июля 1995 г. (June 24, 1995 Constitution of the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Law #21-Z of July 31, 2014 On Amendment 59 to the Constitution of the Mari El Republic. Effective as of July 7, 1995 (with the exception of several clauses).).
• Городское Собрание муниципального образования "Город Йошкар-Ола". Решение №101-IV от 29 июня 2005 г. «Устав муниципального образования "Город Йошкар-Ола"», в ред. Решения №186-VI от 23 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Йошкар-Ола", принятый Решением городского Собрания муниципального образования "Город Йошкар-Ола" от 29 июня 2005 г. №101-IV». Вступил в силу 28 декабря 2005 г. Опубликован: "Йошкар-Ола" (спецвыпуск), 28 декабря 2005 г. (City Assembly of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yoshkar-Ola". Decision #101-IV of June 29, 2005 Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yoshkar-Ola", as amended by the Decision #186-VI of September 23, 2015 On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yoshkar-Ola", Adopted by the Decision #101-IV of June 29, 2005 by the City Assembly of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yoshkar-Ola". Effective as of December 28, 2005.).
• Государственное Собрание Республики Марий Эл. Закон №22-З от 3 мая 2006 г. «О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства (деления) Республики Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №50-З от 31 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Марийская правда", №81, 6 мая 2006 г. (State Assembly of the Mari El Republic. Law #22-Z of May 3, 2006 On the Procedures of the Administrative-Territorial Structure (Division) of the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Law #50-Z of October 31, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Mari El Republic. Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Государственный Совет Республики Марий Эл. Закон №15-З от 18 июня 2004 г. «О статусе, границах и составе муниципальных районов, городских округов в Республике Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №50-З от 31 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Марийская правда", №116, 24 июня 2004 г. (State Council of the Mari El Republic. Law #15-Z of June 18, 2004 On the Status, Borders, and Composition of the Municipal Districts, Urban Okrugs in the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Law #50-Z of October 31, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Mari El Republic. Effective as of after 10 days after the official publication.).
• Большая Российская энциклопедия (Great Russian Encyclopedia): В 30 т. / Председатель науч.-ред. совета Ю. С. Осипов. Отв. ред С. Л. Кравец. Т. 12. Исландия — Канцеляризмы. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2008. — 767 с.

На других языках

[de] Joschkar-Ola

[es] Yoshkar-Olá

[ru] Йошкар-Ола