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Saverne (French: Saverne, pronounced [savɛʁn]; Alsatian: Zàwere [ˈd̥sɐːvəʁə]; German: Zabern [ˈtsaːbɐn]) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is situated on the Rhine-Marne canal at the foot of a pass over the Vosges Mountains, and 45 km (27 mi) northwest of Strasbourg.
 | This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (December 2008) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Saverne | |
|---|---|
Subprefecture and commune | |
 Château des Rohan | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Saverne  | |
  Saverne  Saverne | |
| Coordinates: 48°44′N 7°22′E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Bas-Rhin |
| Arrondissement | Saverne |
| Canton | Saverne |
| Intercommunality | CC du Pays de Saverne |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Stéphane Leyenberger[1] (LR) |
| Area 1 | 26.01 km2 (10.04 sq mi) |
| Population | 11,378 |
| • Density | 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 67437 /67700 |
| Elevation | 177–463 m (581–1,519 ft) (avg. 200 m or 660 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
In 2018, the commune of Saverne had a population of 11,289, and its urban area, of 18,740.[3]
Geography
Saverne lies on the river Zorn, at the foot of the Vosges Mountains. It is crossed by the Marne–Rhine Canal and the Paris–Strasbourg railway. The A4 autoroute (Paris–Strasbourg) passes a few km north of the town. Saverne station has rail connections to Paris, Strasbourg, Metz, Nancy and several regional destinations.
History
Saverne (Latin: Tres Tabernae Cesaris: Caesar's three taverns, so called because in the older days there were three taverns on the way to the Lorraine plateau where they would change oxen due to the steep incline) was an important place in the time of the Roman Empire, and, after being destroyed by the Alamanni, was rebuilt by the emperor Julian.[4]
With the settlement of the Alemanni, the town became part of the Germanosphere. After 870 AD the town belonged to East Francia, which turned into the Holy Roman Empire. During the German Peasants' War the town was occupied, in 1525, by the insurgents, who were driven out in their turn by Duke Anton of Lorraine. It suffered much from the ravages of the Thirty Years' War, but the episcopal palace, then destroyed, was subsequently rebuilt. After 1680 the town was annexed by the French. The episcopal palace was in 1852 converted by Louis Napoleon into a place of residence for widows of knights of the Legion of Honour.
Saverne was conquered by Imperial Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. It was returned to French control after World War I.
In 1913, the city was the theater of the infamous "Saverne Affair". This event gave rise to the term Zabernism (from the German name of the town), meaning abuse of military authority, or unwarranted aggression.
Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 9,682 | — |
| 1975 | 10,170 | +0.70% |
| 1982 | 10,327 | +0.22% |
| 1990 | 10,278 | −0.06% |
| 1999 | 11,201 | +0.96% |
| 2007 | 11,966 | +0.83% |
| 2012 | 11,730 | −0.40% |
| 2017 | 11,239 | −0.85% |
| Source: INSEE[5] | ||
Sights
The emblem of the town is a unicorn. Legend has it that a unicorn's horn was found in one of the nearby castles in ruins. It is more likely that a narwhal's tooth was discovered and mistaken for a unicorn's horn. However, it gave its name to the local beer (fr: Bière de la Licorne) and to the Karlsbräu brewery (f: Brasserie la Licorne) making it.
Its principal building, the Rohan Castle (Château des Rohan), is the former residence of the bishops of Strasbourg, rebuilt by Cardinal de Rohan in 1779, it was used by the Germans as barracks. It now houses the city museum with its large archeological collection of Roman and Celtic artifacts, a hostel, a small arts and crafts museum as well as the collection of 20th century and ethnological art donated by feminist journalist and politician Louise Weiss.
Other sights include the 15th century former castle (Château vieux) and the adjacent 15th century Roman Catholic parish church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Nativité with fine stained glass and sculptures; a Gothic former Franciscan, then Récollets, monastery with a church and a cloister ornated by 17th-century frescoes; as well as several old houses, among which the heavily decorated Maison Katz stands out.
In the vicinity are the ruined castles of Haut-Barr, Grand Geroldseck, Ochsenstein and Greifenstein. Hence a road, immortalized by Goethe in Dichtung und Wahrheit, leads across the Vosges to Pfalzburg. The mountain pass (Col de Saverne) contains a vast botanical garden, the Jardin botanique du col de Saverne.
Saverne is also known for its Rose Garden, locally known as La roseraie. It is also the host of the International Contest of New Roses every year. The Garden itself blesses visitors with over 550 varieties of roses.
An old semaphore tower, from the former Landau (and later Strasbourg) to Paris semaphore line, can be seen in the vicinity. It was one of the 50 stations built by the first French Empire on this line which was the second of this kind in France.
Notable people
- Paul Acker (1874–1916), writer, author of popular novels
- Émile Blessig (born 1947), politician
- Jacques-Frédéric (1775–1833) and François Joseph Français (1768–1810), engineers and mathematicians of the revolutionary era
- Robert Heitz (1895–1984), politician, writer and art critic, painter and French resistance
- Louis François Marie Auguste Knoepffler (1864–1918), timber merchant, Mayor of Saverne and a member of the Landtag
- Loïc Lambour (born 1986), artistic photographer
- Venerable Francis Libermann (1802–1852), the son of the Chief Rabbi of Saverne. He converted to Catholicism in 1826 and later became known as "The Second Founder of The Holy Ghost Fathers".
- Erich Mercker (1891–1973), painter and speed skater
- Franz Xaver Murschhauser (1663–1738), composer and organist
- Gérard Oberlé (born 1945), writer and bibliographer
- Georges Reeb (1920–1993), mathematician
- Dieprand von Richthofen (1875–1946), President of the Senate to the Court of the Reich and anti-Semitic policy (DSP)
- Adrien Zeller (1940–2009), French politician (UMP)
See also
References
- "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
- "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
- Comparateur de territoire, INSEE
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae XVI.11.11
- Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
External links
- Official website (in French)
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На других языках
[de] Saverne
Saverne [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}sa'vɛʀn] (deutsch Zabern,[1] elsässisch Zàwere [ˈd̥sɒvəʀə])[2] ist eine Stadt im Unterelsass ( Europäische Gebietskörperschaft Elsass), an der Zorn und dem parallel dazu verlaufenden Rhein-Marne-Kanal gelegen. Die Siedlung ist seit spätrömischer Zeit bezeugt; in der Folge der Teilungen des Fränkischen Reichs kam der Ort 870 zum Ostfrankenreich, das später ins Römisch-Deutsche Reich überging. Seit 1680 gehört die Stadt mit Unterbrechungen zu Frankreich und ist seit 1790 dem Département Bas-Rhin zugeordnet. Seit dem 13. Februar 2014 ist die Stadt Zabern im Sinne der Europäischen Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen zweisprachig.[3]- [en] Saverne
[es] Saverne
Saverne (en alemán Zabern) es una localidad y comuna francesa de la región de Alsacia, en el departamento del Bajo Rin.[ru] Саверн
Саве́рн (фр. Saverne, savɛʁn; эльз. Zàwere, ˈd̥sɐːvəʁə; нем. Zabern (инф.), Цаберн[1][2]) — город и коммуна на востоке Франции в регионе Гранд-Эст[3] (бывший Эльзас — Шампань — Арденны — Лотарингия), департамент Нижний Рейн, округ Саверн (супрефектура), кантон Саверн[4][5].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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