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Grand Traverse County (locally /ˈtrævərs/ TRAV-ərs) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,238, making it the largest county in Northern Michigan.[2] Its county seat is Traverse City.[3] The county is part of the Traverse City micropolitan area, which also includes neighboring Benzie, Kalkaska, and Leelanau counties.
Grand Traverse County | |
|---|---|
U.S. county | |
 Grand Traverse County Courthouse in Traverse City | |
 Flag  Logo | |
| Nickname: "GTC" | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Michigan | |
 Michigan's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 44°44′N 85°33′W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Michigan |
| Founded | 1851[1] |
| Named for | Grand Traverse Bay |
| Seat | Traverse City |
| Largest city | Traverse City |
| Area | |
| • Total | 601 sq mi (1,560 km2) |
| • Land | 464 sq mi (1,200 km2) |
| • Water | 137 sq mi (350 km2) 23% |
| Population | |
| • Estimate (2020) | 95,238 |
| • Density | 198/sq mi (76/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 1st |
| Website | www |
Long a part of territory under the Council of Three Fires (comprising the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi), Grand Traverse County's first European settlement was established in 1839.[4] It was originally created in 1840 as Omeena County[5], however it was reorganized in 1851 was Grand Traverse County. The county itself and Traverse City are named after Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.
Interlochen Center for the Arts, a prestigious boarding school, is located within the county.
History
Early history
As a duty of the federal government under the Treaty of Washington (1836), the first permanent settlement in the county was the mission now known as Old Mission, established in May 1839.[4]
In 1840, the county was separated from Mackinac County and originally named Omeena County, derived from an Ojibwe expression, "o-me-nah", meaning "is it so?"[5][6]
Grand Traverse County was organized by an act of the state legislature on April 7, 1851, from most but not all of Omeena County.[1][5][7] Grand Traverse is derived from a French phrase meaning "long crossing" and the county is so named because it is situated at the Grand Traverse Bay.[1][8] The 1851 act contained no provisions for organizing a township or choosing inspectors of election, thus it was impossible to organize the county. So the sparsely settled county remained without a legal government. In the winter of 1858 an act of the state legislature completed the organization of Grand Traverse County, extended the boundary so as to make it coincident with the original unorganized County of Omeena, and divided the county between two initial townships:[5]
- Peninsula Township, comprising the Old Mission Peninsula, and
- Traverse Township, which encompassed the rest of the county.
Today, Grand Traverse County contains 13 townships.
Historical markers
There are 12 recognized Michigan historical markers in the county:[9] They are:
- City Opera House
- Congregation Beth El
- Fife Lake Union District No. 1 Schoolhouse
- Grand Traverse Bay
- Grand Traverse County Courthouse
- Hesler Log House
- Interlochen
- Ladies Library Association
- Novotny's Saloon[10]
- Park Place Hotel
- Traverse City Regional Psychiatric Hospital
- Friends of the Light (the former Traverse City Friends Church)
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 601 square miles (1,560 km2), of which 464 square miles (1,200 km2) is land and 137 square miles (350 km2) (23%) is water.[11] Grand Traverse County is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. The highest point in Grand Traverse County is Exodus Hill in Long Lake Township, and the lowest point is the Grand Traverse Bay. Power Island, the largest island in Grand Traverse Bay, is part of Peninsula Township. The county is home to many notable lakes, including Arbutus Lake, Fife Lake, Green Lake, Silver Lake, Spider Lake, and part of Elk Lake. The county's largest inland lake is Long Lake.
Rivers
- Betsie River, begins at Green Lake (although its tributaries extend much further into the county), flows west into Benzie County, and eventually to Lake Michigan at Frankfort.
- Boardman River, enters from the east from Kalkaska County, flows west and north until reaching West Bay in Traverse City.
- Platte River, begins at Long Lake and flows west to Lake DuBonnet and into Benzie County, eventually ending at Lake Michigan.
Adjacent counties
- Antrim County (northeast)
- Kalkaska County (east)
- Missaukee County (southeast)
- Wexford County (south)
- Manistee County (southwest)
- Benzie County (west)
- Leelanau County (northwest)
Protected area
- Pere Marquette State Forest
State parks
- Interlochen State Park
- Keith J. Charters Traverse City State Park
- Old Mission State Park
Transportation
Air service
Grand Traverse County is served comercially by Cherry Capital Airport, which is located near Traverse City. It serves the 21-county Northern Michigan area, and has year-round and seasonal destinations around the United States. In 2019, Cherry Capital Airport had the fourth-most enplanements of any airport in Michigan, behind Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Grand Rapids' Gerald R. Ford International Airport, and Flint's Bishop International Airport.
Other airparks in the county include:
- Acme Skyport
- Green Lake Airport
- Tramps Aerodrome
- Yuba Airport
Formerly, there was an airport on the south side of Traverse City called Ransom Field.[12] This was located on Rennie Hill. This airport closed sometime in the 1930s.
Major highways
The county contains about 103 miles (166 km), about 1.07% of the Michigan State Trunkline Highway System. These highways include the ones listed below.
US 31 runs through the county southwest to northeast. It provides access to cities to the north (like Charlevoix and Petoskey) and southwest (like Ludington and Muskegon). The highway runs all the way to Spanish Fort, Alabama, to the south and runs through major cities like Indianapolis, Louisville, Nashville, and Birmingham.
US 131 runs through the far southeastern part of the county, entirely within Fife Lake Township. The highway provides access to Kalkaska and Petoskey to the north, and cities like Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo to the south. The southern end is at the Indiana Toll Road just across the state line.
M-22 is the shortest highway segment within the county. It begins at an intersection in Traverse City, and runs northwest along the Grand Traverse Bay towards the county line. It then continues in Leelanau County up towards Northport and then runs southwesterly towards Glen Arbor, Frankfort, and Manistee.
M-37 is the longest highway in the county. It runs from a cul-de-sac at Old Mission Point southerly to Traverse City and through Buckley. The highway then continues down through the state to Baldwin, Grand Rapids, Hastings, and Battle Creek.
M-72 runs east-to-west in the county from northern Long Lake Township to near Williamsburg. The highway provides access to Empire and central Leelanau County to the west, and Kalkaska, Grayling, and Harrisville on the Lake Huron shore to the east.
M-113 runs through the southern portion of the county, connecting M-37 to US 131 while passing through Kingsley and Walton.
M-137 was a state highway that connected US 31 near Interlochen with Interlochen Center for the Arts and Interlochen State Park. However, this highway was decommissioned in 2020.
M-186 is a short highway providing a direct route from M-113 to US 131 and Fife Lake.
Demographics
2000 census
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 1,286 | — | |
| 1870 | 4,443 | 245.5% | |
| 1880 | 8,422 | 89.6% | |
| 1890 | 13,355 | 58.6% | |
| 1900 | 20,479 | 53.3% | |
| 1910 | 23,784 | 16.1% | |
| 1920 | 19,518 | −17.9% | |
| 1930 | 20,011 | 2.5% | |
| 1940 | 23,390 | 16.9% | |
| 1950 | 28,598 | 22.3% | |
| 1960 | 33,490 | 17.1% | |
| 1970 | 39,175 | 17.0% | |
| 1980 | 54,899 | 40.1% | |
| 1990 | 64,273 | 17.1% | |
| 2000 | 77,654 | 20.8% | |
| 2010 | 86,986 | 12.0% | |
| 2020 | 95,238 | 9.5% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[13] 1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15] 1990-2000[16] 2010-2018[2] | |||
As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 77,654 people, 30,396 households, and 20,730 families residing in the county. The population density was 167 inhabitants per square mile (64/km2). There were 34,842 housing units at an average density of 75 per square mile (29/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.51% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 1.49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25.1% were of German, 11.3% English, 10.7% Irish, 8.4% American and 7.4% Polish ancestry, 96.4% spoke English and 1.6% Spanish as their first language.
There were 30,396 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.70% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 25.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 13.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $43,169, and the median income for a family was $51,211. Males had a median income of $34,796 versus $24,139 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,111. About 3.80% of families and 5.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.30% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.
Religion
Grand Traverse County is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord.[18]
Politics
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 30,502 | 50.54% | 28,683 | 47.53% | 1,168 | 1.94% |
| 2016 | 27,413 | 52.73% | 20,965 | 40.33% | 3,607 | 6.94% |
| 2012 | 26,534 | 55.05% | 20,875 | 43.31% | 788 | 1.63% |
| 2008 | 24,716 | 50.60% | 23,258 | 47.62% | 869 | 1.78% |
| 2004 | 27,446 | 59.42% | 18,256 | 39.52% | 489 | 1.06% |
| 2000 | 22,358 | 58.48% | 14,371 | 37.59% | 1,500 | 3.92% |
| 1996 | 16,355 | 49.07% | 12,987 | 38.97% | 3,987 | 11.96% |
| 1992 | 13,629 | 39.55% | 11,148 | 32.35% | 9,684 | 28.10% |
| 1988 | 17,191 | 62.46% | 10,098 | 36.69% | 236 | 0.86% |
| 1984 | 18,036 | 70.83% | 7,271 | 28.55% | 157 | 0.62% |
| 1980 | 14,484 | 58.63% | 7,150 | 28.94% | 3,072 | 12.43% |
| 1976 | 13,505 | 63.85% | 7,263 | 34.34% | 382 | 1.81% |
| 1972 | 11,421 | 64.81% | 5,810 | 32.97% | 390 | 2.21% |
| 1968 | 8,960 | 61.51% | 4,741 | 32.55% | 866 | 5.94% |
| 1964 | 6,198 | 45.26% | 7,475 | 54.59% | 20 | 0.15% |
| 1960 | 8,618 | 63.65% | 4,886 | 36.09% | 36 | 0.27% |
| 1956 | 9,102 | 73.47% | 3,256 | 26.28% | 30 | 0.24% |
| 1952 | 9,034 | 77.14% | 2,639 | 22.53% | 38 | 0.32% |
| 1948 | 5,473 | 68.28% | 2,365 | 29.51% | 177 | 2.21% |
| 1944 | 5,413 | 67.03% | 2,607 | 32.28% | 55 | 0.68% |
| 1940 | 5,620 | 64.27% | 3,095 | 35.39% | 30 | 0.34% |
| 1936 | 3,676 | 46.07% | 3,827 | 47.96% | 477 | 5.98% |
| 1932 | 3,442 | 45.70% | 3,907 | 51.88% | 182 | 2.42% |
| 1928 | 4,429 | 74.56% | 1,489 | 25.07% | 22 | 0.37% |
| 1924 | 4,011 | 74.86% | 558 | 10.41% | 789 | 14.73% |
| 1920 | 4,056 | 74.04% | 1,158 | 21.14% | 264 | 4.82% |
| 1916 | 1,917 | 45.81% | 1,848 | 44.16% | 420 | 10.04% |
| 1912 | 899 | 23.25% | 937 | 24.23% | 2,031 | 52.52% |
| 1908 | 2,811 | 65.88% | 1,289 | 30.21% | 167 | 3.91% |
| 1904 | 3,383 | 81.40% | 594 | 14.29% | 179 | 4.31% |
| 1900 | 3,127 | 68.38% | 1,286 | 28.12% | 160 | 3.50% |
| 1896 | 2,533 | 57.20% | 1,745 | 39.41% | 150 | 3.39% |
| 1892 | 1,734 | 54.70% | 924 | 29.15% | 512 | 16.15% |
| 1888 | 1,859 | 63.10% | 925 | 31.40% | 162 | 5.50% |
| 1884 | 1,645 | 64.59% | 808 | 31.72% | 94 | 3.69% |
Historically, Grand Traverse County has been a Republican-leaning county; it has voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since the Civil War,[20] except for four: 1912, 1932, 1936, and 1964. In the last decade, the county has become more politically competitive; though Democratic candidates have not carried the county since 1964, their margins of defeat have narrowed in recent elections. Traverse City leans Democratic while the rest of the county leans Republican.
In the 2022 Michigan gubernatorial election, Democrat Gretchen Whitmer received 27,396 votes (52.38%), making it the first time a Democratic gubernatorial candidate has carried the county since 1986.[21]
In the 2020 presidential election, Donald Trump carried the county, despite losing the state of Michigan. In 2020, he won the county with 50.54% (30,502 votes), and in 2016, won with 52.73% (27,413 votes).[22]
In 2008, Republican candidate John McCain received 24,716 votes in the county (50.60% of the total) to Democratic candidate Barack Obama's 23,258 (47.62%), even as Obama carried the state of Michigan by a double-digit margin.[23] McCain's margin of victory was narrower than usual for a Republican candidate in the county.
In 2004, Republican president George W. Bush received 27,446 votes in the county (59.42%) to Democrat John Kerry's 18,256 (39.52%).[24]
In 2000, Bush received 22,358 votes in the county (58.48%) to Democrat Al Gore's 14,371 (37.59%).[25]
Government
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.
Elected officials
- Prosecuting Attorney: Noelle Moeggenberg
- Sheriff: Tom Bensley
- County Clerk: Bonnie Scheele
- County Treasurer: Heidi Scheppe
- Register of Deeds: Peggy Haines
- Drain Commissioner: Andy Smits
County commission
- District 1: Betsy Coffia
- District 2: Bryce Hundley
- District 3: Brad Jewett
- District 4: Penny Morris
- District 5: Ron Clous (vice chair)
- District 6: Darryl Nelson
- District 7: Rob Hentschel (chair)
Law enforcement agencies
County
- Grand Traverse County Sheriff's Department
City
- Traverse City Police Department
Fire departments
- Blair Township Fire Department
- Fife Lake Springfield Fire Department
- Grand Traverse Metro Fire Department
- Green Lake Township Emergency Services
- Long Lake Fire-Rescue
- Paradise Emergency Services
- Peninsula Township Fire Department
- City Of Traverse City Fire Department
- Whitewater Township Fire Department
Education
Primary and secondary
Grand Traverse County contains the portions of the following public school districts, all of which are overseen by Northwest Educational Services:
- Benzie Central Schools (BCS) serves the extreme southwestern corner of the county.
- Buckley Community School District (BCSD) serves the southwest of the county.
- Elk Rapids Schools (ERS) serves the northeasternmost areas of the county.
- Forest Area Community Schools (FACS) serves the southeast of the county, focused on the village of Fife Lake.
- Kingsley Area Schools (KAS) serves the south–center of the county, focused on the village of Kingsley.
- Traverse City Area Public Schools (TCAPS) serves most of the county, centered on Traverse City. The district contains two high schools, Traverse City Central and Traverse City West.
The county is also home to many smaller charter and private schools, most notably those that are a part of Grand Traverse Area Catholic Schools.
Tertiary
Grand Traverse County is home to Northwestern Michigan College, a public community college in Traverse City.
Economy
According to the Grand Traverse Economic Development Corporation, the largest employers in Grand Traverse County, as of 2017, are:[26]
| # | Employer | Full-time employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Munson Healthcare | 3,100 |
| 2 | Traverse City Area Public Schools | 1,800 |
| 3 | Northwestern Michigan College | 750 |
| 4 | Grand Traverse Resort and Spa | 550 |
| 5 | Hagerty Insurance Agency | 500 |
| 6 | Grand Traverse County | 500 |
| 7 | Interlochen Center for the Arts | 475 |
| 8 | Grand Traverse Pavilions | 415 |
| 9 | Britten Banners | 380 |
| 10 | Tyson Foods | 300 |
Communities
City
- Traverse City (county seat, partially in Leelanau County)
Villages
Charter townships
Civil townships
Census-designated places
Other unincorporated communities
- Acme
- Brookside
- Cedar Run
- Fivemile Corner
- Hannah
- Karlin
- Mapleton
- Mayfield
- Monroe Center
- Neahtawanta
- Old Mission
- Summit City
- Walton
- Williamsburg
- Wexford Corner
- Yuba
Ghost towns
- Archie
- Bates
- Bartlett
- Beitner
- Devils Elbow
- Diamond Park
- Duck Lake Park
- East Bay
- Hodge
- Keystone
- Kratochvil's Plat
- Lakeside Resort
- Mabel
- McManus Corner
- Moffatt
- Munro
- Neal
- Pavlovic Corner
- Peninsula Resort
- Slights
- Skegemog Point
- Traverse Point
- Wylie
Indian reservation
- Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
See also
- Cherry production in Michigan
- List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
References
- "Bibliography on Grand Traverse County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
- "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- Norton, Mike (April 15, 2014). "Exploring the Past in Historic Traverse City".
- "Chapter VIII: County of Omeena Laid Off - Grand Traverse County Organized - Organization Completed - County Officers - Acts of Supervisors - County Buildings - Going to Mackinac to Vote - First Term of Court - Bench and Bar - Organization of Towns - Agriculture Society - Railroad - School Matters". The Traverse Region, Historical and Descriptive with Illustrations of Scenery and Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Chicago: H. R. Page & Co. 1884. Retrieved October 21, 2022 – via Genealogy Trails Transcription Team.
- Romig, Walter (1986). Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 415. ISBN 0-8143-1837-1.
- "Traverse History Timeline". Traverse Area Historical Society. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Government Printing Office. p. 141.
- "Michigan Historical Markers". michmarkers.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
- "Old restaurant may take on new owners". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012.
- "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- "Timeline". Traverse Area Historical Society. August 4, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- "The Diocese of Gaylord, Michigan: A Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church". Diocese of Gaylord.
- "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
- Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868–2004. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 222–227. ISBN 0786422173.
- "Grand Traverse County General Election". County of Grand Traverse, MI. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
- "2020 Presidential General Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- "State Data". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- "State Data". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- "State Data". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- Director's Report. Grand Traverse Economic Development Corporation.
External links
- Grand Traverse County Website
- Grand Traverse County Amateur Radio Public Service Corps Website
- "Bibliography on Grand Traverse County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
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Municipalities and communities of Grand Traverse County, Michigan, United States | ||
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County seat: Traverse City | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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На других языках
[de] Grand Traverse County
Grand Traverse County[1] ist ein County im Bundesstaat Michigan der Vereinigten Staaten. Der Verwaltungssitz (County Seat) ist Traverse City.- [en] Grand Traverse County, Michigan
[ru] Гранд-Траверс (округ)
Гранд-Траверс (англ. Grand Traverse County) — округ в штате Мичиган, США. Официально образован в 1851 году. По состоянию на 2013 год, численность населения составляла 89 987 человек.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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