Kalyazin (Russian: Каля́зин) is a town and the administrative center of Kalyazinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, 175 kilometers (109mi) northeast of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 13,867(2010 Census);[4]14,820(2002 Census);[11]15,544(1989 Census).[12]
A sloboda (a settlement for people relieved from paying taxes) appeared on the site of modern Kalyazin in the 12th century.[3] Its importance grew significantly with the foundation of the Makaryevsky Monastery on the opposite bank of the Volga in the 15th century.[3] This abbey used to be the most conspicuous landmark of Kalyazin and comprised numerous buildings of historic interest, including a refectory from 1525.[citation needed] The name of the town originates from certain Kolyaga, a land proprietor in the 15th century.[3]
In the 18th century, the area was included into Moscow Governorate.[citation needed] In 1775, Kalyazin was granted town rights[3] and Kalyazinsky Uyezd was established.[citation needed] It was a part of newly established Tver Viceroyalty.[citation needed] In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into Tver Governorate.[citation needed] Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished, but in 1803, it was re-established.[13] On May30, 1922, Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Kashinsky Uyezd.[14] On October3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd itself was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.[14]
On August12, 1929, Tver Governorate was abolished, with its territory transferred to Moscow Oblast.[14] Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kalyazinsky District, with the administrative center in Kalyazin, was established within Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast.[14] On July23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[15] On January29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalyazinsky District was transferred to it.[14]
In 1940, the monastery and most of the old town were submerged under water during the construction of the Uglich Hydroelectric Station, which created the Uglich Reservoir. After that, the town was effectively relocated to a new, higher spot.
The Flooded Belfry is a part of the flooded church and the most eye-catching landmark of Kalyazin
On February13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushchev's administrative reform, Kalyazinsky District was merged into Kimrsky District, but on March4, 1964 it was re-established.[14] In July 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[16]
On November19, 2001, a chartered IRS Aero Ilyushin Il-18 airplane crashed in Kalyazin, killing all twenty-seven on board.[17] On August26, 2010, dozens of Central Asian guest workers were deported from the town after mass clashes with the locals.[18] Their construction site jobs were given to locals instead.[19]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalyazin serves as the administrative center of Kalyazinsky District.[6] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kalyazinsky District as Kalyazin Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kalyazinsky Municipal District.[7]
Economy
Industry
Two factories in Kalyazin—one producing oil extraction equipment and another one manufacturing some parts of MiG airplanes—are responsible for 42% of the total industrial production of the district. Chemical, food, leather, and textile industry are present as well.[20]
Transportation
The Kalyazin railway station
Kalyazin is connected by train to Moscow (Savyolovsky railway station), Kashin, Uglich, Rybinsk, Sonkovo, Savyolovo.
Kalyazin is connected by roads with Sergiyev Posad, Uglich, and with Tver and Kimry via Kashin. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic originating from Kalyazin.
The Volga is navigable; however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
Former Ryzhkov House, a cultural heritage monument
Kalyazin contains sixteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The town landmark is the Kalyazin Bell Tower, submerged by the Uglich Reservoir and located only partially above the water level. Other federal monuments include the ensemble of administrative buildings and living houses in the center of the town, and the Ascension and the Epiphany Churches.[21]
The Kalyazinsky District Museum is located in Kalyazin.[22]
References
Notes
Law #34-ZO
Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #27-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kalyazinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kalyazin as a part and the administrative center of Kalyazin Urban Settlement of that district.
Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp.175–176. ISBN5-7107-7399-9.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№34-ЗОот17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от1 октября 2014 г.«О внесении изменения в статью18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#34-ZOofApril17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law#66-ZO ofOctober1, 2014 On Amending Article18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№27-ЗОот28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №60-ЗО от13 июля 2009 г.«О внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#27-ZOofFebruary28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law#60-ZO ofJuly13, 2009 On Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№4-ЗОот18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от24 июля 2012 г.«О внесении изменения в статью2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силучерез десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#4-ZOofJanuary18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law#65-ZO ofJuly24, 2012 On Amending Article2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as ofthe day which is ten days after the official publication.).
Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР.Указот17 июля 1990 г. «О переименовании Калининской области в Тверскую область». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.DecreeofJuly17, 1990 On Changing the Name of Kalinin Oblast to Tver Oblast. ).
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