Kashin (Russian: Ка́шин) is a town and the administrative center of Kashinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located around a rural agricultural area on the Kashinka River (Volga's tributary). Population: 16,171(2010 Census);[3]17,299(2002 Census);[10]21,186(1989 Census);[11] 18,000 (1970).
Kashin was first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1238, when it was sacked during the Mongol invasion.[citation needed] It was given by Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich as an appanage to his son Vasily, who founded a short-lived dynasty of local princes. Mikhail Yaroslavich's wife Anna took the veil in Kashin's nunnery, died there on October2, 1368, and was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1650 as a holy patroness of all women who suffer the loss of relatives. Her relics are preserved in the Ascension Cathedral of Kashin.
In 1382, Kashin was annexed by Principality of Tver. From 1399 to 1426, it was held by a second dynasty of Kashin princes, who claimed their seniority in the House of Tver. In 1452, Kashin withstood a siege by Dmitry Shemyaka. It finally passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1486 with the rest of the Principality of Tver.
Kashin in 1894
In 1708, the town became a part of Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St.Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate.[citation needed] In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and Kashinsky Uyezd with the seat in Kashin was established.[citation needed] In 1796, Tver Viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate.[citation needed] On October3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.[12] On July12, 1929, Kashinsky District, with the administrative center in the Kashin, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast.[12] On July23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] On January29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Kashin was transferred to it.[12] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[14]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kashin serves as the administrative center of Kashinsky District.[5] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kashinsky District as Kashin Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kashinsky Municipal District.[6]
Climate
The mean temperature in Kashin is −11°C (12°F) in January and +18°C (64°F) in July.
Economy
The town is an important part of the oblast's economy. It is home to Veresk, one of the largest alcoholic drink producing companies in the region. Another major business is the mineral water company ERA, which produces the Kashinskaya brand of mineral water. There are also an electric equipment company, a wool factory, and a milk and meat-processing company.
Several times a week, a market is organized in the main square of the town where residents can sell various items. Also, fruit and vegetables from nearby rural farms are sold.
Transportation
Buses provide public transportation within the town and commute to nearby destinations. Also, a train passes through Kashin twice a day. The morning train travels from Sonkovo to Savyolovo, while the afternoon train travels in the opposite direction. Several times a week, a train from St.Petersburg stops in Kashin.
Architecture
There are several architectural monuments in Kashin, including monasteries, churches, and cathedrals. The most ancient of these, a wooden chapel from 1646, was burned to the ground in 1998.
The town contains thirty-six cultural heritage monuments of federal significance, including the ensemble of the Presentation Monastery and a number of churches built in the 18th and the 19th centuries.[15]
The Resurrection Cathedral in Kashin
Culture
The Museum of Local Lore is located in Kashin.[16] Also, in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa, situated 30 kilometers (19mi) from Kashin, the house of Mikhail Kalinin, a Soviet statesman, is located.[17]
Recreation
There is a resort area near Kashin where many oblast residents spend their vacation near the Kashinka River. Kashin itself is known as a balneological resort. On holidays and special dates, the town hosts large festivals which involve dancing, food, and various performances.
References
Notes
Law #34-ZO
Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #28-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kashinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kashin as a part and the administrative center of Kashin Urban Settlement of that district.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№34-ЗОот17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от1 октября 2014 г.«О внесении изменения в статью18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#34-ZOofApril17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law#66-ZO ofOctober1, 2014 On Amending Article18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№28-ЗОот28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Кашинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №19-ЗО от13 апреля 2009 г.«О внесении изменений в Приложение №1 к Закону Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Кашинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#28-ZOofFebruary28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kashinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law#19-ZO ofApril13, 2009 On Amending Appendix1 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kashinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№4-ЗОот18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от24 июля 2012 г.«О внесении изменения в статью2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силучерез десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#4-ZOofJanuary18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law#65-ZO ofJuly24, 2012 On Amending Article2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as ofthe day which is ten days after the official publication.).
Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР.Указот17 июля 1990 г. «О переименовании Калининской области в Тверскую область». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.DecreeofJuly17, 1990 On Changing the Name of Kalinin Oblast to Tver Oblast. ).
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