Bezhetsk (Russian: Бе́жецк) is a town and the administrative center of Bezhetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River at its confluence with the Ostrechina. Population: 24,522(2010 Census);[3]28,643(2002 Census);[10]30,377(1989 Census);[11] 29,000 (1967). It was previously known as Gorodetsk (until 1766).[12]
The settlement of Bezhichi was first mentioned in 1137, when it was owned by Novgorod. The original name, with the literal meaning of "refugees", suggests that early settlers were former Novgorodians. Historical Bezhichi was located 20 kilometers (12mi) north from the present-day town; the settlement was destroyed by raiders in 1272 and re-established on the present site as the fortress of Gorodetsk (Городецк).
In the early 15th century, the area of Bezhetsky Verkh was annexed by Grand Duchy of Moscow. Since 1433, Bezhetsk had its own prince, who was subordinate to the Grand Prince of Moscow.[12]
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Gorodetsk was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St.Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate.[citation needed] In 1766, Gorodetsk was renamed Bezhetsk.[12] In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates.[citation needed] In 1776, Bezhetsk became the seat of Bezhetsky Uyezd.[citation needed] In 1796, Tver Viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate.[citation needed] Bezhetsk remained the administrative center of the uyezd until 1929.[13]
On July12, 1929, the governorates and uyezds were abolished.[13] Bezhetsky District, with the administrative center in Bezhetsk, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast.[13] On July23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] On January29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Bezhetsk was transferred to Tver Oblast.[13]
In the late 20th century, Bezhetsk, as a "reference small town" with well-preserved archives, became a subject of detailed academic studies of the 18th-century Russian countryside.[14][pageneeded]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bezhetsk serves as the administrative center of Bezhetsky District.[5] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated within Bezhetsky District as Bezhetsk Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Bezhetsky Municipal District.[6]
Economy
Enterprises of timber, textile, and food industries, as well as a plant producing air compressors, are located in Bezhetsk.[15]
Transportation
Bezhetsk railway station
A railway connecting Rybinsk and Bologoye via Sonkovo passes through Bezhetsk, which is an important railway station.
Bezhetsk is located on the road connecting Tver and Vesyegonsk. It is also connected by roads with Sonkovo, Kesova Gora, and Maksatikha. There are local roads as well, with bus traffic originating from Bezhetsk.
The Mologa River is not navigable.
Culture and recreation
Bezhetsk contains seven cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include trade arcades and the Church of the Presentation of Mary.[16] The oldest building in Bezhetsk is the white tent-like campanile of the Vvedenskaya Church, which was built by Yaroslavl masters in 1680-1682. The church itself was destroyed during the Soviet years. The Vozdvizhenskaya church goes back to the turn of the 18th century.
The Bezhetsk District and Literature Museum, located in Bezhetsk, shows expositions about the author Vyacheslav Shishkov and the musician Vasily Andreyev, who were both born in Bezhetsk.[17]
Military
Bezhetsk is home to Dorokhovo, a major military air base.
Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #18-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Bezhetsky Municipal District, lists the town of Bezhetsk as a part and the administrative center of Bezhetsk Urban Settlement of that district.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Краткий исторический обзор (in Russian). Bezhetsky District Administration. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2014.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
А. Б. Каменский (A. B. Kamensky). Повседневность русских городских обывателей (Everyday Life of Russian City Dwellers). М., РГГУ, 2006. ISBN5-7281-0807-5
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№34-ЗОот17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от1 октября 2014 г.«О внесении изменения в статью18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#34-ZOofApril17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law#66-ZO ofOctober1, 2014 On Amending Article18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№18-ЗОот28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Бежецкий район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №55-ЗО от13 июля 2009 г.«О внесении изменений в Приложение №1 к Закону Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Бежецкий район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#18-ZOofFebruary28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Bezhetsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law#55-ZO ofJuly13, 2009 On Amending Appendix1 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Bezhetsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
Законодательное Собрание Тверской области.Закон№4-ЗОот18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от24 июля 2012 г.«О внесении изменения в статью2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силучерез десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.Law#4-ZOofJanuary18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law#65-ZO ofJuly24, 2012 On Amending Article2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as ofthe day which is ten days after the official publication.).
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