Marawi, officially known as the Islamic City of Marawi (Maranao: Inged a Marawi; Tagalog: Islamikong Lungsod ng Marawi), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 207,010 people.[4]
Component city in Bangsamoro, Philippines
Not to be confused with Maravi, Malawi, Mallavi, Mallawi and Malavi.
Place in Bangsamoro, Philippines
Marawi
Dansalan
Islamic City of Marawi
Skyline of the city as viewed in November 2018 more than a year after the Battle of Marawi
Marawi is located upon the shores of Lake Lanao.[6] It is primarily inhabited by the Maranao people. The city is also called the "summer capital of the south" due to its higher elevation and cooler climate,[7] a nickname it shares with Malaybalay.[8][bettersourceneeded]
On May 23, 2017, the city suffered extensive damage during the Battle of Marawi as militants affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant invaded the city and engaged in a massive urban gunfight.[9] The ensuing battle lasted until October 23, 2017, when Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced the ending of the battle. Major damage of the city was mostly caused by airstrikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force in an attempt to eliminate the militants.
History
Municipality of Dansalan
Marawi was founded as Dansalan in October 1639 by the Spaniards led by conquistador Francisco Atienza who came from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the entire Lake Lanao area.[10] However, it was abandoned later the same year when thousands of Maranao warriors invested the then-fortifying settlement, pressing the Spaniards hard and thus they returned to Iligan, having failed in their quest.[11][bettersourceneeded] The Spaniards only returned to the area when they began the conquest of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the late 19th century, only to be abandoned once again when the Americans came there in 1900. It served as the capital of the undivided Lanao province from 1907 to 1940. Dansalan in Meranaw is a place where ships berth – a port of entry.
A tribal leader of Marawi before Spanish colonization was "Datu Buadi Sa Kayo". He collected taxes in his era.[citation needed]
Granting of charter (1940) and change of name to Marawi (1956)
Dansalan became a charted city in 1940.[12] Later, in 1956, Republic Act No. 1552 amended the charter and changed the official name of the city from Dansalan to Marawi.
The renaming of the city as the "Islamic City of Marawi" was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East.[7]
Siege of Marawi (2017)
Main article: Siege of Marawi
On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men.[13] Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place, initially until December 31, 2017,[14] but was later extended to the end of 2018 and then again to the end of 2019.[14][15] The city was liberated from militant control on October 17 and battle operations officially ended on October 23.
Post-battle period
See also: Rehabilitation of Marawi
On January 30, 2018, it was announced that a 10-hectare military base will be established in the city to prevent the reentry of terrorists.[16]
Geography
Marawi has a total land area of 8,755 hectares (21,630 acres).[17] It is located on the northernmost shores of Lake Lanao and straddles the area where the Agus River starts. It is bounded to the north by the municipalities of Kapai and Saguiaran; to the south by Lake Lanao; to the east by the municipalities of Bubong and Ditsaan-Ramain; and to the west by the municipalities of Marantao and Saguiaran.[7] The Bagang beach is situated 2 kilometers (1.2mi) from the city's commercial center.
The Islamic city also hosts a national park, the Sacred Mountain National Park, which spans the barangays of Guimba and Papandayan covering an area of 94-hectare (230-acre). The protected area was established on August 5, 1965, by Republic Act no. 4190.[18] The park is dominated by Mount Mupo, a 900-foot (270m) tall[19] extinct volcanic cone. The park is ideal for birdwatching and mountain climbing to the summit that features a small pond.[20][bettersourceneeded]
Topography
Mountains, rolling hills, valleys, and a large placid lake dominate the city's landscape. Angoyao Hills (Barangay Sogod) served as natural viewpoint over the water of the Lake Lanao. Signal Hill (Barangay Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Barangay Saduc), and Mt. Mupo (Barangay Guimba) are considered beautiful but mysterious. Mt. Mupo, located within the Sacred Mountain National Park, is known for its untouched trees and beautiful, perfect cone.[citation needed]
Barangays
Marawi is politically subdivided into 96 barangays.[21]
Marawi's weather is warm and wet throughout the year. With the elevation along Lake Lanao at around 2,300 feet (700m),[3] this raised altitude together frequent heavy showers at all seasons, ensures that hot conditions are seldom observed.
Marawi is predominantly a Muslim city, with Muslims accounting for 99.6% of the population.[7] Sharia criminal law exists but without stoning, amputations, flagellations, or other punishments typically associated with Sharia as they are against the law of the Philippines. The distribution of alcoholic products and gambling is forbidden and women must cover their heads, though non-Muslims are exempted from this rule. Other than sharia law in personal matters, these laws are not applicable elsewhere in Lanao del Sur.
The economy of Marawi is largely based on agriculture, trading, and exporting. Most industries in the city are agriculture-oriented. They include rice and corn farming, hollow blocks manufacturing, goldsmithing, and saw milling. Small and cottage-size enterprises are engaged in garment making, mat and malong weaving, wood carving, brassware making, web development, and blacksmithing.[7]
Apart from that, Marawi is home to NPC – Agus 1 Hydro Electric Power Plant and the first of the six cascading Agus Hydro Power Plants.
A new wind and solar energy plant and a new diesel-generated power plant are set to be developed in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, by two private firms to provide electricity to Marawi and adjoining areas.[34][35][bettersourceneeded] The project will cost PHP 2 billion and will generate 10 to 30 megawatts of electricity.[34]
Culture
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Architecture
The feeling of the unique natural setting of the Maranaos in Marawi is manifested by the presence of many large Torogans, an antique royal high-roofed houses with carvings designed by the Meranau, and the Sambitory Old Building in Barrio Naga in front of Tuaka Laput, Marawi.
Government
List of Mayors
1948-1953, Bato R. Ali, Sr.
1956-1967, Macapado Batara
1970-1986, Omar Dianalan
1986, OIC Mayor
1986–1989, Mahid Mutilan
1989–1998, Abbas Basman
1998–2001, Omiel Basman
2001–2007, Omar Solitario Ali
2007–2016, Fahad Salic
2016–present, Majul Gandamra
Only mayors since the 1986 People Power Revolution are listed.
Education
Marawi is home to the main campus of Mindanao State University, the biggest state university in Philippines. Other institutions and colleges are well established in the city and are as follows:
Mindanao State University – Lanao National College of Arts and Trade
University of Muslim Mindanao
Jamiatu Philippine Al-Islamia
Mapandi Memorial College
Jamiatu Marawi Al-Islamia Foundation
Pacasum College
Marawi Capitol College
Lake Lanao College
Philippine Muslim Teachers College
Marawi Islamic College
Senator Ninoy Aquino College Foundation
Lanao Islamic Paramedical College Foundation
Al-Khwarizmi International College
Mindanao Islamic Computer College
Datu Mala Memorial College
Dansalan Polythechnic College
Philippines Engineering and Agro-Industrial College
Lanao Central College
Khadijah Mohammad Islamic Academy
Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Educational Center, Inc.
Philippine Integrated College Academy Foundation Inc.
Other notable secondary schools are:
Mindanao State University – Institute of Science Education- Science High School
Mindanao State University – Integrated Laboratory School
Mindanao State University – University Training Center
Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation
Hadiyyah International School
Dansalan College Foundation Inc.
Dhayfullah Islamic Institute, Inc.
Philippine Integrated School
Al-Khwarizmi International College – Science Laboratory High School
Marawi City National High School
Dansalan National High School
Aba Al-khail Computer School
Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Islamic and Science Academy
TESDA is also stationed in Marawi which caters to technical training of students for the province.
Within the Mindanao State University is the Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts which is named in honor of Sultan Aga Khan who contributed to the realization of the museum. Historical development of the country is bank on the large space upon the conservation of cultural materials. It has huge, collection of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum. Indigenous art and cultural material are being displayed.
Census of Population and Housing (2010). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
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