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West Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India, located just 60 km (37 mi) west of Birgunj. It is the largest district in bihar with an area of 5,228 km²(2,019sq mi). It is a part of Tirhut Division.[1] The district headquarters are located in Bettiah. The district is known for its open border with Nepal. One of the major location in West Champaran is Kumar Bagh for SAIL Special Processing Unit and Bhitiharwa where Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Aandolan.

West Champaran district
District of Bihar
Gandaki River near Valmikinagar
Seal
Location of West Champaran district in Bihar
Coordinates (Bettiah): 26°48′N 84°30′E
CountryIndia
StateBihar
DivisionTirhut
HeadquartersBettiah
Tehsils18
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesPaschim Champaran, Valmiki Nagar
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesValmiki Nagar, Ramnagar, Narkatiaganj, Bagaha, Lauriya, Nautan, Chanpatia, Bettiah, Sikta
Area
 • Total5,228 km2 (2,019 sq mi)
 • Rank1 (in bihar)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total3,935,042
 • Density750/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy58.06 per cent
 • Sex ratio906
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN Code
8454XX
Major highwaysNH 28B
Websitehttp://westchamparan.bih.nic.in/

Geography


West Champaran district occupies an area of 5,228 square kilometres (2,019 sq mi),[2] comparatively equivalent to Canada's Amund Ringnes Island.[3]


Flora and fauna


In 1989 West Champaran district became home to Valmiki National Park, which has an area of 336 km2 (129.7 sq mi). It is also home to two wildlife sanctuaries: Valmiki (adjacent to its namesake national park) and Udaypur Wildlife Sanctuary.[4] Fauna include the Bengal tiger.[5][6]


Sub-Divisions


West Champaran district comprises the following Sub-Divisions: Bettiah, Bagaha, and Narkatiaganj.

Blocks: Bettiah, Sikta, Mainatand, Chanpattia, Bairia, Lauria, Bagaha - 1, Bagaha - 2, Madhubani, Gaunaha, Narkatiaganj, Manjhaulia, Nautan, Jogapatti, Ramnagar, Thakraha, Bhitaha, Piprasi

The district is well connected by roads and railways to all major cities.


Politics


Lok Sabha constituencies in the district are Paschim Champaran, Valmiki Nagar.

Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the district are Valmiki Nagar, Ramnagar, Narkatiaganj, Bagaha, Lauriya, Nautan, Chanpatia, Bettiah, Sikta

This section is transcluded from 17th Bihar Assembly. (edit | history)
No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
1 Valmiki Nagar Dhirendra Pratap Singh Janata Dal (United) MGB
2 Ramnagar Bhagirathi Devi Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
3 Narkatiaganj Rashmi Varma Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
4 Bagaha Ram Singh Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
5 Lauriya Vinay Bihari Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
6 Nautan Narayan Prasad Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
7 Chanpatia Umakant Singh Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
8 Bettiah Renu Devi Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
9 Sikta Birendra Prasad Gupta Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation MGB

Demographics


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901762,628—    
1911812,855+0.64%
1921826,679+0.17%
1931913,931+1.01%
19411,021,217+1.12%
19511,071,382+0.48%
19611,325,122+2.15%
19711,587,019+1.82%
19811,972,610+2.20%
19912,333,666+1.70%
20013,043,466+2.69%
20113,935,042+2.60%
source:[7]
Religions in West Champaran District[8]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 77.44%
Muslims
 
 21.98%
Not Stated
 
 0.24%
Christian
 
 0.22%
Others
 
 0.05%
Buddhist
 
 0.03%
Sikh
 
 0.02%
Jain
 
 0.01%

According to the 2011 census West Champaran district has a population of 3,935,042,[9] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[10] or the US state of Oregon.[11] This gives it a ranking of 63rd in India (out of a total of 640).[9] The district has a population density of 750 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,900/sq mi) .[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.89%.[9] Pashchim Champaran has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males,[9] and a literacy rate of 58.06%. Scheduled Castes and Tribes made up 14.1% and 6.4% of the population respectively.[9]


Languages


Languages in West Champaran (2011)[12]

  Bhojpuri (91.86%)
  Hindi (3.32%)
  Urdu (2.97%)
  Bengali (0.98%)
  Others (0.87%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.86% of the population in the district spoke Mallika, 3.32% Hindi and 2.97% Urdu as their first language.[13]

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 51,000,000 speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.[14]


Culture


The city is the birthplace of poet Gopal Singh Nepali. Mahatma Gandhi started the Champaran Satyagraha movement from here in 1917 along with nationalists Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and Brajkishore Prasad.


Notable people


Politician, Member of Parliament.

[Sunil Kumar], Member of Parliament


See also



References


  1. http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Archived 2015-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  3. "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Archived from the original on 2015-12-01. Retrieved 2011-10-11. Amund Ringnes Island 5,255km2
  4. Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Bihar". Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  5. Jhala, Y. V.; Gopal, R.; Qureshi, Q., eds. (2008), Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India (PDF), TR 08/001, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi; Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2013
  6. Jhala, Y. V., Qureshi, Q., Sinha, P. R. (Eds.) (2011). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India, 2010. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TR 2011/003 pp-302
  7. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  8. "Pashchim Champaran Religion-wise Data 2011". Census 2011. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  9. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  10. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-01. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  11. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074
  12. "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  13. 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  14. M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-09-30.


Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Champaran".

На других языках

- [en] West Champaran district

[ru] Западный Чампаран

Западный Чампаран (хинди मग़रिबी चंपारण ज़िला; урду مغرِبی چمپارن ضلع‎; англ. West Champaran) — округ на северо-западе индийского штата Бихар. Административный центр — город Беттиах. Площадь округа — 5229 км². По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 3 043 466 человек. Уровень грамотности взрослого населения составлял 38,93 %, что значительно ниже среднеиндийского уровня (59,5 %). По верованиям индуистов, в этом месте Вальмики написал «Рамаяну».


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