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Purnia District is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Purnia is the administrative headquarters of this district. The city of Purnia has continued its tradition of hoisting the national flag at 12:07 am on every Independence Day since 1947. Purnia district is a part of Purnia Division. The district extends northwards from the Ganges river. Purnia is the unofficial capital of Seemanchal due to its financial and educational importance.

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Purnia district
District of Bihar
Location of Purnia district in Bihar
Country	India
State	Bihar
Region	Mithila
Division	Purnia
Established	14 February 1770
Headquarters	Purnia
Tehsils	Purnia East Kasba Krityanand Nagar Srinagar Jalalgarh Dagarua Baisi Amour Baisa Banmankhi Dhamdaha Bhawanipur Barhara Kothi Rupauli
Government
• District Magistrate	Mr. Suharsha Bhagat, IAS
• Lok Sabha constituencies	Purnia, Katihar,Araria and Kishanganj
• Vidhan Sabha constituencies	Amour, Baisi, Kasba, Banmankhi, Rupauli, Dhamdaha, Purnia,
Area
• Total	3,229 km2 (1,247 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	3,264,619
• Density	1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
Demographics
• Literacy	52.09 per cent
• Sex ratio	921
• Major ethnolinguistic group	Maithils[1]
Language
• Official	Hindi[2]
• Additional official	Urdu[2]
• Regional Languages	Maithili
• Other	Bang-Maithili, Angika-Maithili
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration	BR-11
Major highways	NH 27 NH 31 NH 231 NH 131A
Major Railway Lines	Barauni-Katihar, Saharsa and Purnia sections Barauni-Guwahati line
Website	purnea.nic.in

History

Purnia is part of the Mithila region.[3] Mithila first gained prominence after it was settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).[4]

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas.[5] The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajji confederacy, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.[6]

During the Mughal rule, Purnea was an outlying military province, and its revenue was mostly spent on protecting its borders against tribes from the north and east.[7] After the capture of Calcutta in 1757, Purnia's local governor raised a rebellion against Siraj ud-Daulah. In 1765, the district became a British possession, along with the rest of Bengal.[8] On February 14, 1770 the district of Purnia in modern history was formed by the East India Company.[9]

Purnia is known for its uniquely designed organization, Ramakrishna Mission, where the festival called Durga Puja is celebrated in October. Another attraction in the city of Purnia is the oldest temple of Mata Puran Devi which is 5 km away from the main city. It is theorized that Purnia received its name from this temple. Other theories also describe how Purnia received its name; which is, that in the past Purnia was named Purna– Aranya, which stands for "complete jungle."

Three districts were partitioned off from Purnia district: Katihar in 1976,[10] Araria and Kishanganj in 1990.[10]

Geography

Purnia district occupies 3,229 square kilometres (1,247 sq mi),[11] comparable to the Solomon Islands' Makira Island.[12] It is a depressed tract, consisting for the most part of a rich, loamy alluvial soil. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the Himalayas, which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage. Its major rivers are the Kosi, the Mahananda, the Suwara Kali, the Kari kosi, the Saura and the Koli. In the west, the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kosi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are jute and banana.

Divisions

Purnia district has four subdivisions: Purnea Sadar, Banmankhi, Baisi and Dhamdaha.

Blocks

They are further divided into fourteen blocks:

• Purnia East
• Kasba
• Jalalgarh
• Krityanand Nagar
• Srinagar
• Banmankhi
• Dhamdaha
• Barhara Kothi
• Bhawanipur
• Rupauli
• Baisi
• Baisa
• Amour
• Dagarua

These contain 246 panchayats with 1,450 villages.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Purnia district has a population of 3,264,619,[14] roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania[15] or the US state of Iowa.[16] This gives it a ranking of 105th in India (out of a total of 640).[14] The district has a population density of 1,014 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,630/sq mi).[14] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.66%.[14] Purnia has a sex ratio of 930 females for every 1000 males,[14] and a literacy rate of 58.23%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.98% and 4.27% of the population respectively.[14]

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 33.68% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 18.62% Urdu, 10.72% Maithili, 8.73% Surjapuri, 4.51% Bengali and 5.57% Santali as their first language. 18.53% spoke languages recorded as 'Others' under Hindi on the census.[17]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	478,222	—
1911	513,879	+0.72%
1921	548,740	+0.66%
1931	593,534	+0.79%
1941	646,133	+0.85%
1951	685,744	+0.60%
1961	938,810	+3.19%
1971	1,191,510	+2.41%
1981	1,518,223	+2.45%
1991	1,878,885	+2.15%
2001	2,543,942	+3.08%
2011	3,264,619	+2.53%
source:[18]

Politics

No.	Constituency	Name	Party		Alliance		Remarks
56	Amour	Akhtarul Iman		All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen		MGB
57	Baisi	Syed Ruknuddin Ahmad		Rashtriya Janata Dal		MGB	Switched from AIMIM to RJD[19]
58	Kasba	Md Afaque Alam		Indian National Congress		MGB
59	Banmankhi	Krishna Kumar Rishi		Bharatiya Janata Party		NDA
60	Rupauli	Bima Bharti		Janata Dal (United)		MGB
61	Dhamdaha	Leshi Singh		Janata Dal (United)		MGB
62	Purnia	Vijay Kumar Khemka		Bharatiya Janata Party		NDA

Economy

Recently, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has started exploring Purnia basin for crude oil and Natural gas reserves. Estimations show that there might be about 465 million tonnes of reserves in the basin.[20][21]

Culture

Shrines

Some major Hindu temples of Purnea are Puran Devi temple; which is sometimes credited for the name of the city, the Kali Mandir of old Purnia city on the bank of Saura river, the Maata Asthan in Chunapur, Panchmukhi Temple in line bazaar, the Rani Sati Mandir in Kasba, Prahlad Stambh in Banmankhi, and Dhima Shiv Mandir in Dhima, Banmankhi. The city also has the Darghah of Hazrat Mustafa Jamalul Haque Bandagi, Chimni Bazar. An "Urs" in the form of Mela ( village fair) is organized on the 7th day after Eid-Ul-Azha and continues up to 3 days every year. The 'Dargah and Khanquah Alia Mustafia' is located 7 km away from the main city. It is famous for spirituality, communal harmony and Sufism. Its history extends for 400 years, when Hazrat Bandagi came from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh visiting several Khanqahs and Dargahs across India such as the Pandawa Sharif, the Bihar Sharif, etc. The Darghah is playing a major role to spread culture, education, kindness, secularism and spiritual spirits in Northeast Bihar since its establishment. Deorhi at Garbanili (Purnea) hosts the ruins of Kala Bhawan the ancient Darbar (Palace) of Raja Kalanand Singh, where his successor still lives.

The Jalalgadh Fort is a place of historical importance situated in Jalalgadh division.

References

External links

• Official website
• Purnia Information Portal

List of Freedom Fighters of Purnea District

1. Shri Jibatsh Sharma 'Himanshu' native of Kajha Village, Block Krityanand Nagar, District Purnea

На других языках

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- [en] Purnia district

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[ru] Пурния (округ)

Пурния (хинди पूर्णिया जिला; англ. Purnia) — округ на востоке индийского штата Бихар. Административный центр — город Пурния. Площадь округа — 3229 км². По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 2 543 942 человека. Уровень грамотности взрослого населения составлял 35,10 %, что значительно ниже среднеиндийского уровня (59,5 %).

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