world.wikisort.org - France

Search / Calendar

Pont-Saint-Esprit (French pronunciation: ​[pɔ̃ sɛ̃.t‿ɛspʁi], literally "Holy Spirit Bridge"; Occitan: Lo Pònt Sant Esperit) is a commune in the Gard département in southern France. It is situated on the river Rhône and is the site of a historical crossing, hence its name. The Ardèche flows into the Rhône, just to the north of the bridge. The residents are called Spiripontains.

Pont-Saint-Esprit
Commune
Saint Saturnin church and the medieval bridge over the Rhône River
Coat of arms
Location of Pont-Saint-Esprit
Pont-Saint-Esprit
Pont-Saint-Esprit
Coordinates: 44°15′27″N 4°38′57″E
CountryFrance
RegionOccitania
DepartmentGard
ArrondissementNîmes
CantonPont-Saint-Esprit
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Claire Lapeyronie
Area
1
18.49 km2 (7.14 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2019)[1]
10,369
 • Density560/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
30202 /30130
Elevation36–187 m (118–614 ft)
(avg. 59 m or 194 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

History


The bridge was observed by the Irish pilgrim Symon Semeonis in 1323 on his way to the Holy Land: "Pont-Saint-Esprit where there is a famous stone bridge over the Rhône, half a mile in length, the height of which and the breadth of its arches are greatly admired by all those who cross over it."[2] Italian Canon Antonio de Beatis described the bridge in his 1517-1518 travel journal: "This has twenty tall, wide arches, is finely built in a pleasing stone and is still better paved."[3]


Geography



Climate


Pont-Saint-Esprit has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Pont-Saint-Esprit is 14.2 °C (57.6 °F). The average annual rainfall is 829.8 mm (32.67 in) with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 23.9 °C (75.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.5 °C (41.9 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Pont-Saint-Esprit was 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) on 6 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −12.7 °C (9.1 °F) on 7 January 1985.

Climate data for Pont-Saint-Esprit (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1972−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.9
(67.8)		 23.2
(73.8)		 27.0
(80.6)		 30.0
(86.0)		 34.4
(93.9)		 39.3
(102.7)		 40.1
(104.2)		 42.2
(108.0)		 36.0
(96.8)		 29.5
(85.1)		 23.5
(74.3)		 20.0
(68.0)		 42.2
(108.0)
Average high °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4)		 11.0
(51.8)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.9
(66.0)		 23.4
(74.1)		 27.4
(81.3)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.4
(86.7)		 24.8
(76.6)		 19.3
(66.7)		 13.1
(55.6)		 9.6
(49.3)		 19.4
(66.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 10.3
(50.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 21.1
(70.0)		 23.9
(75.0)		 23.7
(74.7)		 19.1
(66.4)		 14.8
(58.6)		 9.4
(48.9)		 6.1
(43.0)		 14.2
(57.6)
Average low °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)		 2.1
(35.8)		 5.0
(41.0)		 7.4
(45.3)		 11.2
(52.2)		 14.7
(58.5)		 17.1
(62.8)		 17.1
(62.8)		 13.4
(56.1)		 10.2
(50.4)		 5.6
(42.1)		 2.6
(36.7)		 9.0
(48.2)
Record low °C (°F) −12.7
(9.1)		 −10.2
(13.6)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 1.6
(34.9)		 5.0
(41.0)		 8.0
(46.4)		 7.1
(44.8)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 −12.7
(9.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.8
(2.67)		 43.9
(1.73)		 47.0
(1.85)		 67.3
(2.65)		 64.3
(2.53)		 48.6
(1.91)		 39.9
(1.57)		 47.2
(1.86)		 109.1
(4.30)		 117.6
(4.63)		 118.2
(4.65)		 58.9
(2.32)		 829.8
(32.67)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.1 5.1 5.1 6.8 6.7 5.1 3.7 4.2 5.7 7.3 8.1 6.4 70.3
Source: Météo-France[4]

Bouvier family origins


Pont-Saint-Esprit is famous as the town of origin of Michel Bouvier, a cabinetmaker, who was the ancestor of John Vernou Bouvier III, father of Jacqueline Kennedy.


1951 mass poisoning incident


Main article: 1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning

On 15 August 1951, an outbreak of poisoning, marked by acute psychotic episodes and various physical symptoms, occurred in Pont-Saint-Esprit. More than 250 people were involved, including 50 persons interned in asylums and four deaths.[5] Most academic sources accept naturally occurring ergot poisoning in rye flour as the cause of the epidemic, while a few theorize other causes such as poisoning by mercury, mycotoxins, or nitrogen trichloride.[6][7][8][9][10]


Population


Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 5,766—    
1800 4,055−4.90%
1806 4,331+1.10%
1821 4,545+0.32%
1831 4,853+0.66%
1836 4,937+0.34%
1841 5,239+1.19%
1846 5,375+0.51%
1851 5,538+0.60%
1856 5,887+1.23%
1861 5,123−2.74%
1866 4,694−1.73%
1872 4,350−1.26%
1876 4,826+2.63%
1881 4,726−0.42%
1886 4,962+0.98%
1891 5,262+1.18%
1896 4,289−4.01%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 4,798+2.27%
1906 4,906+0.45%
1911 4,685−0.92%
1921 5,801+2.16%
1926 4,409−5.34%
1931 4,652+1.08%
1936 4,411−1.06%
1946 4,149−0.61%
1954 4,925+2.17%
1962 5,778+2.02%
1968 6,951+3.13%
1975 6,709−0.50%
1982 8,067+2.67%
1990 9,277+1.76%
1999 9,265−0.01%
2007 9,846+0.76%
2012 10,651+1.58%
2017 10,336−0.60%
Source: EHESS[11] and INSEE (1968-2017)[12]

International relations


Pont-Saint-Esprit is twinned with:


See also



Notes and references


  1. "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
  2. "The Journey of Symon Semeonis from Ireland to the Holy Land".
  3. Antonio de Beatis. The Travel Journal of Antonio de Beatis, 1517-1518. Translated by J.R. Hale (Ed) and J.M.A. Lindon. Hakluyt Society (1979)
  4. "Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  5. Gabbai, Lisbonne and Pourquier (1951-09-15). "Ergot Poisoning at Pont St. Esprit". British Medical Journal. 2 (4732): 650–651. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4732.650. PMC 2069953. PMID 14869677.
  6. Lisbonne, Gabbai (15 September 1951). "Ergot Poisoning at Pont St. Esprit". British Medical Journal. 2 (4732): 650–651. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4732.650. PMC 2069953. PMID 14869677.
  7. Finger, Stanley (2001). Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations Into Brain Function. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-514694-3. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  8. Pommerville, Jeffrey C.; Alcamo, I. Edward (2013). Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body systems edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 734. ISBN 978-1-4496-0594-0. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  9. Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed. (2010). Economic and biological interactions in pre-industrial Europe, from the 13th to the 18th century. Istituto internazionale di storia economica F. Datini. Settimana di studio. Firenze University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-88-8453-585-6. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  10. Frederick Burwick (1 November 2010). Poetic Madness and the Romantic Imagination. Penn State Press. pp. 180–. ISBN 978-0-271-04296-1. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  11. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Pont-Saint-Esprit, EHESS. (in French)
  12. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE

Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pont-Saint-Esprit.

На других языках

[de] Pont-Saint-Esprit

Pont-Saint-Esprit ist eine französische Gemeinde im Département Gard mit 10.369 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2019). Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Nîmes und zum Kanton Pont-Saint-Esprit.
- [en] Pont-Saint-Esprit

[ru] Пон-Сент-Эспри

Пон-Сент-Эспри (фр. Pont-Saint-Esprit) — город во Франции, в регионе Окситания, департамент Гар. Население составляет 10 233 человек (2009). Город расположен на правом берегу реки Рона. Поселение возникло в 5 веке. В 1265 и 1309 годах через реку Рона был построен мост и порт Saint-Saturnin-du-Port был переименован.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии