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Litang (Tibetan: ལི་ཐང་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 理塘县) is in southwest of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. In 2001, it had a population of 47,500.
Litang County
理塘县 • ལི་ཐང་རྫོང་། | |
|---|---|
County | |
 Landscape of Litang County | |
 Litang County (red) in Garzê Prefecture (yellow) and Sichuan | |
  Litang Location of the seat in Sichuan  Litang Litang (China) | |
| Coordinates (Litang County government): 29°59′39″N 100°16′09″E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Sichuan |
| Autonomous prefecture | Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture |
| County seat | Litang Town |
| Area | |
| • Total | 13,677 km2 (5,281 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,954 m (12,972 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 47,500 |
| • Density | 3.5/km2 (9.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | litang |
| Litang County | |||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 理塘县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 理塘縣 | ||||||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||||||
| Tibetan | ལི་ཐང་རྫོང་། | ||||||||||
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Litang is part of Kham in the Tibetan cultural zone, and several famous Buddhist figures were born here, including the 7th Dalai Lama, the 10th Dalai Lama, the 11th Tai Situpa, four of the Pabalas, as well as the 5th Jamyang Zhépa of Labrang Monastery. Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama, returned here and built two monasteries, Kampo Nénang Monastery next to the Genyen Massif, where he trained the important Kagyu teacher, Drogön Rechen (Wylie: 'gro mgon res pa chen po, 1148-1218) who recognised his tulku, and the Pangphuk Monastery, founded in 1169.
It also has strong connections with the eponymous hero of the Epic of King Gesar.[1]
Litang Town (the seat of the county) itself is located at an altitude of 4,014 metres. It is on open grassland and surrounded by snow-capped mountains and is about 400 meters higher than Lhasa, making it one of the highest towns in the world.[2]
History
For nearly all of the county's recorded history, Litang's greatest concentration of population and center of political power has been Lithang Monastery, known formally as Ganden Thubchen Choekhorling. The town that is today the Litang County seat is adjacent to the monastery, which was originally a temple for worship of Bon. In A.D. 1580 it was converted to Gelug Buddhism by the 3rd Dalai Lama. In the centuries since, Litang Monastery has been damaged and rebuilt several times.[3]
During the 1950s, the region around Litang was one of the many areas of Tibetan armed resistance to rule of the Chinese Communist Party. A resistance group called the Chushi Gangdruk was active in the area. In 1956 the monastery was bombed by the PLA.[4] The October 5, 1956 edition of the Tibet Mirror newspaper printed a witness' drawing of this bombing of the Litang monastery, Jamchen Chokhor Ling and others by aircraft of the People's Liberation Army. The photo's caption in its original English is:
"They are killing several thousand of our freedom-loving, brave, ill-armed Khampas, with modern weapons; and distroying monasterees [sic]. The world is protesting the aggressor in Europe and W. Asia, but alas! There is no voice for Tibet."[5][6][7][8]
In August, 2007, the Litang Horse Festival was the scene of an impromptu anti-government political speech by Runggye Adak, which was followed by protests calling for his release. A crackdown officially described as "patriotic education campaign" followed in autumn of 2007, including several politically motivated arrests and attempts to force local Tibetans to denounce the 14th Dalai Lama.[9]
In 2013, one major temple of Lithang Monastery burned to the ground in an accidental fire.[10]
Administrative divisions
Litang County administers one town and 23 more rural townships:
- Urban Town:Litang Town (理塘镇)
- Townships:Junba Township (君坝乡), Hayi Township (哈依乡), Juewu Township (觉吾乡), Moba Township (莫坝乡), Yahuo Township (亚火乡), Rongba Township (绒坝乡), Gake Township (呷柯乡), Benge Township (奔戈乡), Cunge Township (村戈乡), Heni Township (禾尼乡), Qudeng Township (曲登乡), Lamaya Township (喇嘛垭乡), Zhangna Township (章纳乡), Shangmula Township (上木拉乡), Xiamula Township (下木拉乡), Zhongmula Township (中木拉乡), Zhuosang Township (濯桑乡), Jiawa Township (甲洼乡), Cangba Township (藏坝乡), Gemu Township (格木乡), Labo Township (拉波乡), Maiwa Township (麦洼乡), Dewu Township (德巫乡)
Climate
With an elevation of nearly 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), Litang has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc), with long, cold, dry winters, and short, cool summers with very frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in January to only 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) in July; the annual mean is 3.65 °C (38.6 °F). Over 80% of the 765 mm (30.1 in) of annual precipitation is delivered from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38% in July to 83% in December, the county seat receives 2,643 hours of bright sunshine annually, with winter by far the sunniest season.
| Climate data for Litang (1981−2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
3.7 (38.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −12.4 (9.7) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.2 (−17.0) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.4 (0.06) |
4.3 (0.17) |
13.7 (0.54) |
27.3 (1.07) |
52.6 (2.07) |
141.7 (5.58) |
190.1 (7.48) |
168.3 (6.63) |
121.4 (4.78) |
33.0 (1.30) |
7.9 (0.31) |
2.8 (0.11) |
764.5 (30.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 4.1 | 8.0 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 20.7 | 24.6 | 22.8 | 20.1 | 9.8 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 144.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 40 | 43 | 49 | 54 | 55 | 67 | 74 | 76 | 73 | 62 | 51 | 44 | 57 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 259.7 | 231.8 | 248.4 | 228.2 | 235.1 | 186.4 | 161.9 | 168.3 | 177.7 | 233.4 | 251.0 | 261.0 | 2,642.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 81 | 74 | 67 | 59 | 56 | 45 | 38 | 41 | 48 | 66 | 79 | 83 | 60 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 1971–2000)[11][12] | |||||||||||||
Transport
- China National Highway 318
See also
- Tibetan Resistance Since 1950
Notes
- Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. (2005). Tibet. 6th Edition, p. 260. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-523-8.
- Buckley, Michael and Straus, Robert. (1986) Tibet: a travel survival kit, p, 219. Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0-908086-88-1.
- https://www.pamela-logan.com/history/lithang-monastery-cycles-of-destruction-and-renewal/"Lithang Monastery: Cycles of Destruction and Renewal"
- Li, Jianglin (2016). Tibet in agony : Lhasa 1959. Wilf, Susan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. Photo# 11 between pages 82 and 83. ISBN 9780674088894. OCLC 946579956.
- Li, Jianglin (2016) [5 October 1956]. Tibet in agony : Lhasa 1959. Translated by Wilf, Susan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. Photo# 11 (of original drawing) between pages 82 and 83. ISBN 9780674088894. OCLC 946579956.
They are killing several thousand of our freedom-loving, brave, ill-armed Khampas, with modern weapons; and distroying monasterees [sic]. The world is protesting the aggressor in Europe and W. Asia, but alas! There is no voice for Tibet.
- Tharchin, Dorje (1956). Yul phyogs so soʾi gsar ʾgyur me loṅ (Tibet Mirror) (in Tibetan and English). Columbia University Libraries. Kalimpong, India: The Tibet Mirror Press. pp. Volume XXIII, Number 11, page 4.
- Li, Jianglin; 江月 (2010). 1959 Lasa! (in Chinese) (Chu ban ed.). Hong Kong: Xin shi ji chu ban ji chuan mei you xian gong si/ New Century Media & Consulting Co. Ltd. pp. 4th page of photos before the text. ISBN 9789881943019. OCLC 671634540.
- Li, Jianglin; 李江琳 (2010). 1959 Lasa! : Dalai Lama ru he chu zou (in Chinese) (Er ban ed.). Taipei City, Taiwan: Linking Publishing Company. pp. from photo gallery nested within text. ISBN 9789570848090. OCLC 972336063.
- "Crackdown in eastern Tibet."
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/blaze-11172013105231.html "Tibetan Monastery Suffers ‘Massive Damage’ in Blaze"
- 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese (China)). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
- 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
External links
Further reading
- Tsering Shakya: The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, London 1999, ISBN 0-14-019615-3
| County-level divisions |   | |
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| Towns and villages |
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| Geography |
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| Landmarks |
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На других языках
[de] Litang
Litang (tibetisch .mw-parser-output .Tibt.uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin","Kailash","BabelStone Tibetan","Jomolhari","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Wangdi29","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .Tibt.ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}.mw-parser-output .Tibt{font-size:140%}ལི་ཐང། Wylie .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}li thang; auch Lithang; chinesisch .mw-parser-output .Hani{font-size:110%}理塘县, Pinyin Lǐtáng Xiàn) ist ein Kreis, der zum Verwaltungsgebiet des Autonomen Bezirks Garzê der Tibeter im Nordwesten der chinesischen Provinz Sichuan gehört. Er hat eine Fläche von 12.660 Quadratkilometern und zählt 67.293 Einwohner (Stand: Zensus 2020).[1] Sein Hauptort ist die Großgemeinde Gaocheng (Gāochéng .mw-parser-output .Bopo{font-size:110%}高城镇).- [en] Litang County
[ru] Литанг
Литанг (тиб. ལི་ཐང, Вайли: li´ thang, кит. упр. 理塘, пиньинь Lǐtáng, палл. Литан) находится в Гардзе-Тибетском автономном округе в провинции Сычуань в Китае. Правление уезда размещается в посёлке Литанг.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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