Cleveland is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 11,199 as of the 2020 United States Census.
Cleveland, Mississippi | |
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City | |
Motto: A Different Kind of Delta | |
Cleveland, Mississippi Location in the United States | |
Coordinates: 33°44′38″N 90°43′29″W[1] | |
Country | United States |
State | Mississippi |
County | Bolivar |
Area | |
• Total | 7.58 sq mi (19.63 km2) |
• Land | 7.58 sq mi (19.63 km2) |
• Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
Elevation | 141 ft (43 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 11,199 |
• Density | 1,478.03/sq mi (570.63/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
ZIP codes | 38732-38733 |
Area code | 662 |
FIPS code | 28-14260 |
GNIS feature ID | 0668601 |
Website | City Website |
Cleveland has a large commercial economy, with numerous restaurants, stores, and services along U.S. 61. Cleveland is one of the two county seats of Bolivar County (the other being Rosedale).
Named after President Grover Cleveland, the town began formation in 1869 as people moved inland from the Mississippi River. The Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railroad ran through the town and a portion of the railroad remains there today. Early records show the community was called Fontaine in 1884 and at some point Coleman's Station. Moses W. Coleman built the first home on the bayou in the area. In 1885, it was officially named Sims after Rueben T. Sims, who owned part of the land on which the town stood. The village of Cleveland was chartered on March 25, 1886, and the United States Post Office recognized the town as such on August 5, 1887. It was Sims's son, B.C. Sims, who was responsible for the name change to Cleveland.
In 1967, Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Joseph S. Clark Jr. began Senate hearings to assess the effectiveness of the War on Poverty programs. The first field hearings were held in Jackson, Mississippi, and the following day Kennedy and Clark set out to visit "pockets of poverty" in the Mississippi Delta. They arrived in Cleveland, along with Marian Wright and Peter Edelman, for a tour conducted by Amzie Moore. There they observed barefoot, underfed African-American children in tattered clothing, with vacant expressions and distended bellies. Kennedy told Edelman that he thought he had seen the worst poverty in the nation in West Virginia, but it paled in comparison to the poverty he observed in Cleveland.[3]
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Cleveland is located 19 mi (31 km) southeast of Rosedale and the Mississippi River along Mississippi Highway 8. U.S. Route 61 (N-S) and route 8 (E-W) are the main highways serving Cleveland. Jones Bayou and the old Illinois Central Railroad pass through the city from south to north.[4][5]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.58 square miles (19.6 km2), all land.
Climate data for Cleveland, Mississippi | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) |
88 (31) |
98 (37) |
95 (35) |
100 (38) |
106 (41) |
106 (41) |
110 (43) |
103 (39) |
100 (38) |
90 (32) |
82 (28) |
110 (43) |
Average high °F (°C) | 51.3 (10.7) |
56.2 (13.4) |
65.5 (18.6) |
74.6 (23.7) |
83.1 (28.4) |
89.6 (32.0) |
92.0 (33.3) |
93.1 (33.9) |
87.7 (30.9) |
77.0 (25.0) |
63.7 (17.6) |
54.1 (12.3) |
74.0 (23.3) |
Average low °F (°C) | 33.2 (0.7) |
36.3 (2.4) |
43.7 (6.5) |
52.4 (11.3) |
62.1 (16.7) |
69.5 (20.8) |
72.3 (22.4) |
71.6 (22.0) |
64.9 (18.3) |
53.3 (11.8) |
42.1 (5.6) |
36.2 (2.3) |
53.1 (11.7) |
Record low °F (°C) | −6 (−21) |
−6 (−21) |
17 (−8) |
27 (−3) |
38 (3) |
46 (8) |
54 (12) |
51 (11) |
25 (−4) |
25 (−4) |
13 (−11) |
3 (−16) |
−6 (−21) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.68 (144) |
5.35 (136) |
5.41 (137) |
6.01 (153) |
5.69 (145) |
5.06 (129) |
3.65 (93) |
3.52 (89) |
3.94 (100) |
4.92 (125) |
4.24 (108) |
5.82 (148) |
59.29 (1,506) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.6 (1.5) |
0.8 (2.0) |
0.5 (1.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.9 (4.8) |
Source: NOAA[6] |
Historical population | |||
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Census | Pop. | %± | |
1900 | 479 | — | |
1910 | 1,001 | 109.0% | |
1920 | 1,674 | 67.2% | |
1930 | 3,240 | 93.5% | |
1940 | 4,189 | 29.3% | |
1950 | 6,747 | 61.1% | |
1960 | 10,172 | 50.8% | |
1970 | 13,327 | 31.0% | |
1980 | 14,524 | 9.0% | |
1990 | 15,384 | 5.9% | |
2000 | 13,841 | −10.0% | |
2010 | 12,334 | −10.9% | |
2020 | 11,199 | −9.2% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[7] |
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
Black or African American | 5,519 | 49.28% |
White | 4,887 | 43.64% |
Native American | 5 | 0.04% |
Asian | 188 | 1.68% |
Pacific Islander | 7 | 0.02% |
Other/Mixed | 316 | 2.82% |
Hispanic or Latino | 284 | 2.54% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 11,199 people, 4,266 households, and 2,611 families residing in the city.
Four Mississippi Blues Trail markers are located in Cleveland. The first marker recognizes Chrisman Street, which once served as the center of African-American business and social life in Cleveland. The second marker celebrates blues musician W. C. Handy. The third marker is located at the Grammy Museum Mississippi. The fourth marker recognizes Rev. C.L. Franklin, who preached at St. Peter's Rock M.B. Church here, influenced gospel, R&B and blues artists, and his daughters Aretha, Erma and Carolyn became noted soul singers after starting out singing in church.[9]
Bolivar County residents have residency for two community colleges: Coahoma Community College and Mississippi Delta Community College.[10][11] Their main campuses respectively are in unincorporated Coahoma County and Moorhead in Sunflower County.
The City of Cleveland is served by the Cleveland School District. Schools within the Cleveland city limits include:
Other:
Previously ethnic Chinese students were required to attend separate schools, something that persisted into the 1940s.[13] The Chinese Mission School educated them. This building was demolished in 2003.[14]
The city of Cleveland is served and protected by the Cleveland Police Department and is located on South Sharpe Avenue. Currently, 45 people are employed by the department. Of the 45, 39 are sworn police officers and six civilians serve in a support role. Sworn officers average out to one officer per 357 citizens.[15]
The Cleveland Volunteer Fire Department is currently rated Class 4 by the State Rating Bureau and has three paid employees and 37 volunteer fire fighters. The paid employees include a Fire Inspector, Maintenance Engineer and Maintenance Assistant. All other positions are volunteer. The department operates from three separate fire stations, including a new station at the Cleveland Municipal Airport that opened in late 2011 and utilizes four front line pumpers, two rescue/utility vehicles, an aerial platform pumper, an airport/crash rescue truck, one Ford F-2500 with a bed mounted deluge gun, a Hazardous Materials Response Unit and one backup pumper for its daily operations. The department also operates a training facility that is home to a rope rescue tower, smoke house, ventilation simulator, confined space maze, drafting pit, and a Class A burn facility.
Bolivar Medical Center is a hospital in Cleveland with emergency services.
In the mid-1940s, there were separate classrooms for Chinese students in Cleveland, Miss.
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(*) Bayou Academy is in an unincorporated area near Cleveland and is not in the city limits. (**) The community colleges do not have their main campuses in Cleveland nor do they have any other facilities in Cleveland, but Bolivar County is within their service areas |
Municipalities and communities of Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States | ||
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Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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