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Halton (pronounced HOL-tən) is a unitary authority district with borough status in Cheshire, North West England. It was created in 1974 as a district of the non-metropolitan county of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998 under Halton Borough Council.[3] Since 2014 it has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. The borough consists of the towns of Runcorn and Widnes and the civil parishes of Daresbury, Hale, Halebank, Moore, Preston Brook, and Sandymoor.[4] The district borders Merseyside, the Borough of Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester.

Halton
Borough and Unitary authority
The Silver Jubilee Bridge at dusk
Motto(s):  Latin: Industria Navem Implet ("Industry fills the ship")
Halton shown within Cheshire
Coordinates: 53°20′42″N 02°44′19″W
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	North West England
City region	Liverpool
Ceremonial county	Cheshire
Settled	10th century
Incorporated	1974 (borough)
	1998 (Unitary authority)
Town Hall	Runcorn
Administrative HQ	Widnes
Government
• Type	Unitary authority
• Body	Halton Borough Council
• Leadership	Leader and cabinet
• Executive	Labour
• Leader	Mike Wharton
• Mayor	Mark Dennett
• Chief Executive	Stephen Young
Area [1]
• Borough	30.53 sq mi (79.08 km2)
• Rank	237th
Population  (mid-2019 est.)[2]
• Borough	129,410
• Rank	178th
• Density	4,210/sq mi (1,624/km2)
Time zone	UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode area	WA4, WA7, WA8, L24
Dialling code	0151 Widnes and Hale Village, 01928 Runcorn, 01925 Daresbury
ISO 3166 code	GB-HAL
GSS code	E06000006
NUTS 3 code	UKD71
ONS code	00ET
Motorways	M56
Major railway stations	Runcorn (C1)
MPs	Derek Twigg (L) Mike Amesbury (L)
Police area	Cheshire
Fire service	Cheshire
Ambulance service	North West
Website	www.halton.gov.uk

History

Prior to 1974, the River Mersey marked the border between the counties of Lancashire to the north and Cheshire to the south. Widnes was administered by the Municipal Borough of Widnes in Lancashire, and Runcorn by Runcorn Urban District Council in Cheshire.

The 1969 Redcliffe-Maud Report recommended reforms to local government in England, including the abolition of all existing local government areas. They were to be replaced by mostly unitary authorities with the exception of three two-tier metropolitan areas to be called Merseyside, SELNEC and West Midlands. Runcorn and Widnes would form part of the new Merseyside Metropolitan Area under a district called 'St Helens-Widnes'.[5]

The proposals were broadly accepted by the then Labour government but set aside by the incoming Conservative government following the 1970 general election which it had fought on a manifesto pledge to introduce a system of two-tier local government.[6] The Local Government Act 1972 created new metropolitan counties around Liverpool (as Merseyside) and Manchester (as Greater Manchester) but Runcorn and Widnes would not be allocated to either. Instead, Widnes and Warrington would be moved into the non-metropolitan county of Cheshire, with Widnes joining Runcorn to create the new non-metropolitan district of Halton. The name of the new district was inspired by the ancient Barony of Halton which had possessed land on both sides of the river. The district was established on 1 April 1974. In addition to Runcorn Urban District and the Municipal Borough of Widnes, parts of Runcorn Rural District and the parish of Hale from Whiston Rural District were incorporated into Halton.

On 1 April 1998, Halton became a unitary authority, independent of Cheshire County Council. However, it continues to be served by Cheshire Police and Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service, and forms part of Cheshire for ceremonial purposes. On 1 April 2014, Halton became part of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority, joining the local authorities of Liverpool, Sefton, Wirral, Knowsley and St Helens; the five metropolitan district councils which constitute the county of Merseyside. As a unitary authority, Halton's status is similar to the metropolitan district councils.[7]

Demographics

Population growth

The population of Halton is 129,410 (mid-2019 est.).[2] The change in population during the 20th century is shown in the following table.

Population growth in the Borough of Halton since 1901[8]

Year	Population	Change as %
1901	57,755	—
1911	57,062	-1.2%
1921	61,039	+7.0%
1931	65,309	+7.0%
1941	71,835	+10.0%
1951	79,026	+10.0%
1961	87,168	+10.3%
1971	96,150	+10.3%
1981	121,861	+26.7%
1991	124,915	+2.5%
2001	118,215	-5.4%
2011	125,700	+6.3%

Religion

In the 2011 census, Christianity was the main religion in Halton at 75%, well above the national average for England of 59.4%. 18.7% stated that they had "no religion". Those stating their religions as Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Islam or Sikh amounted to 0.8%.[9]

Ethnicity

In the 2011 census, 97.8% of Halton residents identified as White and 2% were Non-White. From the 2011 School Census, the main first language apart from English was Polish.[9]

Governance

Halton Borough Council is a unitary authority responsible for most local government functions within the area. The Labour Party has controlled the council since it was created in 1974.[10]

On 1 April 2014, Halton became one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region under the Combined Authority.[11]

Most of the borough is represented in the House of Commons by the member for Halton but Runcorn New Town is in the Weaver Vale constituency.

Economy

Halton is an industrial and logistics hub with a higher proportion of people working in manufacturing (particularly chemicals and advanced manufacturing), wholesale and retail, and transport and storage compared to the average for England.[9]

Employees by industry in 2019[12]

Industry	Halton (Employee Jobs)	Halton (%)	North West (%)	Great Britain (%)	Halton - Great Britain Difference
H Transportation And Storage	7,000	10.8	5.6	4.9	5.9
C Manufacturing	8,000	12.3	9.3	8.0	4.3
G Wholesale And Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles And Motorcycles	11,000	16.9	16.3	15.0	1.9
N Administrative And Support Service Activities	7,000	10.8	8.6	8.9	1.9
Q Human Health And Social Work Activities	9,000	13.8	14.2	13.1	0.7
E Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management And Remediation Activities	800	1.2	0.7	0.7	0.5
M Professional, Scientific And Technical Activities	6,000	9.2	8.8	8.8	0.4
S Other Service Activities	1,500	2.3	1.9	2.0	0.3
B Mining And Quarrying	300	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.3
F Construction	3,000	4.6	4.6	4.9	-0.3
D Electricity, Gas, Steam And Air Conditioning Supply	75	0.1	0.5	0.4	-0.3
L Real Estate Activities	600	0.9	1.5	1.7	-0.8
R Arts, Entertainment And Recreation	1,000	1.5	2.6	2.5	-1.0
O Public Administration And Defence; Compulsory Social Security	2,000	3.1	4.6	4.4	-1.3
J Information And Communication	1,500	2.3	2.8	4.3	-2.0
K Financial And Insurance Activities	600	0.9	2.8	3.5	-2.6
I Accommodation And Food Service Activities	3,000	4.6	6.9	7.7	-3.1
P Education	3,500	5.4	8.0	8.7	-3.3

The wages of employees in Halton are slightly higher than the average for England and significantly higher than the average for the North West and the Liverpool City Region.[13] Business survival rates are also significantly higher than both the regional and national averages.[13] In 2018, the GVA per head of population in Halton was £26,988 compared to a regional average of £22,244 in North West England.[14]

Twin boroughs

Halton is twinned with:

• Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Berlin, Germany (since 25 May 1993)
• Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic (since 13 October 1993)
• Leiria, Central Region, Portugal (since 1997)
• Tongling, Anhui, China (since 1997)

Following an appeal in 1997, Halton residents donated 1,000 English books to Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.[15] In 1999, an historic Halton Transport bus was restored and gifted to the Czech Republic to mark the centenary of public transport in the city.[16] Engineers from Halton have assisted with chemical decontamination in the city and also when the city flooded in 2002.[17]

The first crazy golf course in Berlin, created in Marzahn-Hellersdorf in 2005, contains several Halton landmarks and was constructed with the assistance of exchange students from the borough.[18]

Several roads are named after Halton's twin boroughs, including Leiria Way in Runcorn and Marzahn Way in Widnes.[19] A Chinese friendship garden was created in the grounds of Runcorn Town Hall in 2006, including a bronze statue gifted by the twin city of Tongling.[20]

See also

• List of schools in Halton
• Listed buildings in Daresbury, Cheshire
• Listed buildings in Hale, Halton
• Listed buildings in Moore, Cheshire
• Listed buildings in Preston Brook, Cheshire
• Listed buildings in Runcorn, Cheshire
• Listed buildings in Widnes, Cheshire

References

На других языках

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[de] Borough of Halton

Das Borough Halton ist eine selbständige Verwaltungseinheit (Unitary Authority) im Nordwesten Englands. Halton grenzt an Merseyside, Warrington und Cheshire.

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- [en] Borough of Halton

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[ru] Холтон (унитарная единица)

Хо́лтон (англ. Halton) — унитарная единица на севере церемониального графства Чешир, административный центр Уиднс.

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