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Trabzon Province (Turkish: Trabzon ili) is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade port cities in Anatolia. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun to the west, Gümüşhane to the southwest, Bayburt to the southeast and Rize to the east. İsmail Ustaoğlu was appointed the Governor of the province in October 2018.[2]

Trabzon Province
Trabzon ili
Province of Turkey
Sumela Monastery
Location of Trabzon Province in Turkey
CountryTurkey
RegionEast Black Sea
SubregionTrabzon
Largest CityTrabzon
Government
 • Electoral districtTrabzon
 • Governorİsmail Ustaoğlu
Area
 • Total6,685 km2 (2,581 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total807,903
 • Density120/km2 (310/sq mi)
Area code0462
Vehicle registration61

The capital of the province is Trabzon.


Districts


Trabzon province is divided into 18 districts:

Districts along the 114 km coastline (from west to east): Beşikdüzü, Vakfıkebir, Çarşıbaşı, Akçaabat, Yomra, Arsin, Araklı, Sürmene and Of.[3]
Districts inland: Tonya, Düzköy, Şalpazarı, Maçka, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı, Hayrat and Çaykara.

Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı gained district status in 1988, Çarşıbaşı, Düzköy, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı and Hayrat in 1990.


History


Sümela Monastery in the Pontic Mountains, near Maçka
Sümela Monastery in the Pontic Mountains, near Maçka
A traditional rural Pontic house in Livera village, Maçka district
A traditional rural Pontic house in Livera village, Maçka district
Uzungöl village and lake in Çaykara
Uzungöl village and lake in Çaykara
Another village in Çaykara
Another village in Çaykara
A traditional house in Çaykara
A traditional house in Çaykara

Remarkably attractive throughout its history, Trabzon was the subject of hundreds of travel books by western travellers, some of whom had named it "city of tale in the East." The capital city Trabzon was founded, as Trapezus, by Greek colonists from Sinope, modern Sinop, Turkey. Starting from the 9th century BC, the city had also been mentioned by historians such as Homeros, Herodotus, Hesiodos. The first written source regarding Trabzon is Anabasis, authored by Xenophon.

An important Roman and Byzantine centre, it was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond from 1204 to 1461. Trabzon was subsequently made part of the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet the Conqueror. After the region was conquered in 1461, the Fatih Medrese (1462), Hatuniye Medrese (1515), İskender Pasha Medrese (1529) and Hamza Pasha Medrese (1543) were established as important medreses (educational centers; some of them within külliye complexes) of the period.[4] It was initially a sanjak before gaining the status of eyalet, and finally became a vilayet in 1868.

The province was a site of major fighting between Ottoman and Russian forces during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, which resulted in the capture of the city of Trabzon by the Russian army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich in April 1916. The province was restored to Turkish control in early 1918 following Russia's exit from World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.


In Turkey


In September 1935 the third Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM) was created.[5] Its creation was based on the Law 1164 from June 1927,[6] which was passed in order to Turkefy the population.[7] The Trabzon province was included in this area. The third UM span over the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Kars, Gümüşhane, Erzincan and Ağrı. It was governed by an Inspector General seated in the city of Erzurum.[5][8] The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.[9]


Archaeology


In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of Roman and Byzantine period archeological remains in the Ortahisar district. The southern part of the wicker columns and fortifications of the Roman emperor Hadrian's period, trench walls of Byzantine period dating back to 1460 have been discovered. Remains of Roman tiles and pottery were also discovered during the excavations. According to the Trabzon City Municipality, the excavation area is planned to be turned into an open-air museum.[10][11][12]


Attractions



Demographics



See also



References


  1. "Population of provinces by years - 2000-2018". Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. "İsmail USTAOĞLU". www.trabzon.gov.tr. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  3. Trabzon city Archived 2011-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Trabzon history Archived 2008-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Dergipark. p. 2. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  6. Aydogan, Erdal. "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. Üngör, Umut. "Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950" (PDF). University of Amsterdam. pp. 244–247. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Routledge. pp. 139–141. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
  9. Fleet, Kate; Kunt, I. Metin; Kasaba, Reşat; Faroqhi, Suraiya (2008-04-17). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
  10. Şafak, Yeni (2021-04-10). "Otopark projesi için yapılan kazı sırasında bulundu: Açık hava müzesi olacak". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  11. SAYKAL/TRABZON, (DHA), Selay. "Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  12. "Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2021-04-14.



На других языках

[de] Trabzon (Provinz)

Trabzon ist eine Provinz der Türkei an der Schwarzmeerküste. Es ist zugleich die Hauptstadt der Provinz.
- [en] Trabzon Province

[ru] Трабзон (ил)

Трабзон (тур. Trabzon) — ил на северо-востоке Турции.


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