Mytishchi (Russian:Мыти́щи,IPA:[mɨˈtʲiɕːɪ]) is a city and the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which lies 19km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yaroslavl railway. The city was an important waypoint for traders on the Yauza River, the Yaroslavl Highway passes through the city. Mytishchi is famous for its aqueduct, built in 1804, the first water supply pipeline to supply the growing population of Moscow. The city has a population of approximately 262,702 people as of 2022[update].[2]
Mytishchi has a humid continental climate, which is the same as Moscow but usually a few degrees colder due to significantly lesser impact of urban heat island. The city features long, cold winters (with temperatures as low as −25°C (−13°F) to −30°C (−22°F) occurring every winter and a record low of −43°C (−45°F)), and short, warm-hot summers (with a record high of 38°C (100°F) and temperatures reaching 30°C (86°F) every summer). For example, the January daily mean is −10°C (14°F), with the average maximum of −7°C (19°F) and average minimum of −13°C (9°F). July's daily mean temperature, on the other hand, is 19°C (66°F), with its average maximum being 24°C (75°F) and its average minimum being 14°C (57°F).
The first settlement of ancient hunters and fishermen in this location dates back to the 6th–8th millennia BCE, i.e., in the late Stone Age. In the 8th–9th centuries, first Slavic tribes (Vyatichi and Krivichs) began settling here. In and around Mytishchinsky District about a dozen of such settlements from the 11th–13th centuries have been discovered.
The modern settlement has been known as the village Mystiche since 1460, and Bolshiye Mytishchi (Большие Мытищи)[8] since the 19th century. The name comes from the so-called mytnaya (or "myta") duty that was levied on merchants hauling ships (by wheels, rollers or skids) between the Yauza and Klyazma Rivers, collected at the place now known as Yauza mytishche. The word "Mytische" is a portmanteau of myt (мыта) and a place where there was a residential building with a kiln and a hearth.
In 1804, the Mytishchi-Moscow aqueduct was built by order of Catherine the Great. It was the first water supply constructed in Russia to provide the Kremlin with pure water.
The first enterprises were organized in Mytischi in the middle of the 19th Century. Mytischi station, on the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway, opened in 1861, SI Mamontov's car building plant opened in 1896, and Viskova, Russia's first artificial silk company, began work in 1908. Mytischi and its district became a popular summer retreat for Russian holidaymakers from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, .
Mytischi gained city status on August 17, 1925.
In 1932, the territory of the city was significantly expanded, according to the decree of the Presidium of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee No. 8 (minutes No. 56) of October 4, 1932 and the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 20, 1932 that approved it. The settlement merged with the villages of Bolshie Mytishchi, Rupasovo, Sharapovo, Zarechnaya Sloboda, Leonidovka, Perlovka, Taininsky settlements, Druzhba and Taininka.[9]
Population
Population of Mytishchi
Year
Population
1852
389
1859
435
1897
1000
1899
1026
1917
7000
1926
17000
1931
23100
1939
60118
1959
98606
1962
107000
1964
111000
1967
112000
1970
118653
1973
125000
1975
134000
1976
134000
1979
140656
1982
148000
1985
151000
1986
150000
1987
152000
1989
154068
1990
154000
1991
154000
1992
154000
1993
153000
1994
152000
1995
153000
1996
153000
1997
153000
1998
155000
1999
155700
2000
155700
2001
157000
2002
159900
2003
159900
2004
161400
2005
161500
2006
161800
2007
162700
2008
163400
2009
164299
2010
173160
2011
173300
2012
174971
2013
178672
2014
183224
2015
187119
2016
201130
2017
205397
2018
211606
2019
222739
2020
235504
2021
245643
2022
262702
According to Wikidata, the population of Mytishchi was 211,606 (1 January 2018),[3] 201,130 (2016),[10] 205,397 (2017)[11]. Mytishchi is the fourth largest city in Moscow Oblast after Balashikha (211,606 (2018)), Podolsk (299,660 (2017)), Khimki (254,171 (2019)) in terms of population.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mytishchi serves as the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated within Mytishchinsky District as the Town of Mytishchi.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Mytishchi is incorporated within Mytishchinsky Municipal District as Mytishchi Urban Settlement.[4]
Economy
Shopping mall "June"
The city is the oblast's largest center for industry (machine building, arms industry in particular) and education.
Architecture
Monument to the first Russian water supply system
Cultural heritage sites
The city has a number of cultural heritage sites
Settlement "Mytishchi-1" (a monument of archeology of the XV-XVIII centuries) - Yaroslavl highway, 60–88, 61–91.
The complex of buildings of the Mytishchi car-building plant (part of the Metrovagonmash plant (MMZ)) (late 19th - early 20th century).
Two dachas in the dacha village of Perlovka: a wooden dacha of the Ageev merchants (architectural monument, 1900s) - Pionerskaya st., 10.
The Mytishchi pumping station (part of Catherine the Great's Mytishchi water pipeline) in the Losiny Ostrov National Park.
Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God (architectural monument, 1713) - Yaroslavskoe shosse, 93.
Church of the Annunciation in Taininsky (architectural monument, 1675–1677).
Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka.
In 2005, the Church of the Nativity of Christ was built in the city center. On the central square, there are 4 lanterns of the late 1950s, presumably the project of M. A. Minkus. Identical lights were installed at the lobby o fhte Kropotkinskaya metro station (Prechistenka St.) and at the Nikulin Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard.
Monuments
Monuments to Vladimir Lenin
Monument "Bayonet" in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War
Memorial of the Great Patriotic War
Monument to the partisan V. D. Voloshina
Monument to the pilots of the Mytishchi flying club (an exact copy of the U-2 [Po-2] aircraft). Artist-architect Valery Androsov
Monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union pilot N. M. Raspopova
Monument to cosmonaut G. M. Strekalov
Monument to A. V. Suvorov
SAU-76M
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" (a monument to the designer N. A. Astrov, 1906–1992)
Monument to V. M. Kolontsov (1888-1920), the commander of the Red Guard detachment, who died during the Civil War in battles with the White Guards, the central street of old Mytishchi, Kolontsova Street, is named after him
Monument to D. M. Kedrin
Monument to the Mytishchi water pipeline
Monument to the ancient portage that existed on the site of the modern city (wooden sculpture "Ladya" near the Central Park of Culture and Culture of Mytishchi )
Monument to the employees of the Mytishchi police, participants of the Great Patriotic War
Monument to military signalmen
Monument to the citizens of Mytishchi who died in the line of military and official duty and in local conflicts
Sculpture "A cat without a tail" from the sister city of Gabrovo
Monument to Olya Lukoya at the puppet theater " Ognivo "
Monument to the Family, love and fidelity
Monument to Nicholas II
Monument to the subway car
Monument to the samovar
Monument to General Pyotr Deinekin at the Federal War Memorial Cemetery . Opened in August 2018
Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
In March 2022, Panevėžys and Płock suspended their partnerships with Mytishchi as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[13][14]
Culture
Mass Media
There are three local TV channels: "Our Mytishchi" - the channel that belongs to the town, "The first Mytishchinsky", and "TV Mytishchi" (on the TV channel of Moscow region 360°) - district television.
Theatres
There is Ognivo puppet theatre, FEST drama and comedy theatre, and youth theater Domoy (Homewards).
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Губернатор Московской области.Постановление№123-ПГот28 сентября 2010 г. «Об учётных данных административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области», в ред. Постановления №252-ПГ от26 июня 2015 г.«О внесении изменения в учётные данные административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области». Опубликован: "Информационный вестник Правительства МО", №10, 30 октября 2010 г. (Governor of Moscow Oblast.Resolution#123-PGofSeptember28, 2010 On the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Resolution#252-PG ofJune26, 2015 On Amending the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast. ).
Московская областная Дума.Закон№198/2004-ОЗот29 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе и границах Мытищинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований», в ред. Закона №73/2015-ОЗ от5 мая 2015 г.«О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Мытищинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований" и Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Пушкинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №13, 26 января 2005 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma.Law#198/2004-oZofDecember29, 2004 On the Status and the Borders of Mytishchinsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It, as amended by the Law#73/2015-OZ ofMay5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of Mytishchinsky Municipal District and the Municipal Formations Comprising It" and the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of Pushkinsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It". Effective as ofthe day of the official publication.).
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