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Doda is a district in the eastern part of Jammu Division in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The district consists of 18 tehsils viz. Thathri, Bhaderwah, Doda, Mohalla, Bhagwa, Assar, Bhalla, Gundna, Marmat, Kahara, Gandoh (Bhalessa), Bhella, Bharth Bagla, Chiralla, Chilly Pingal, Phagsoo and Kastigarh.[5] The climate of the area is not uniform due to wide variations in altitude from place to place. The area, in general, enjoys temperate to sub-tropical type of climate. The climate of the district is almost dry. The rainfall is scanty. The temperature of the district varies from place to place. Ramban and Doda tehsils are fairly warmer while the regions like Dessa Valley tehsil Bhagwah, Gundna, Padder, Marwah and Warwan remain snow bound for five-six months of the year. Summer is generally without rain and precipitation. Almost all the regions experiences snowfall in the winter. The precipitation occurs either in the form of snowfall in higher regions and as rainfall in the lower regions. Monsoons prevail from July to September. Rainfall in the Doda district is heavy during July and September. The average annual rainfall is 926 mm and snowfall of about 135 mm.

Doda
District of Jammu and Kashmir
View of Doda city
Location of Doda district in Jammu and Kashmir
Coordinates (Doda): 33°08′45″N 75°32′52″E
Country	India
Union territory	Jammu and Kashmir
Division	Jammu
Headquarters	Doda
Government
• District Magistrate	Vishesh Paul Mahajan (KAS) [1]
• Additional Deputy Commissioner	DR. RAVI KUMAR BHARTI (JKAS)[2]
• Assistant Commissioner Revenue	Sanjeev Kumar (KAS)[2]
Area [3]
• Total	2,625 km2 (1,014 sq mi)
• Urban	19.75 km2 (7.63 sq mi)
• Rural	2,605.25 km2 (1,005.89 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[4]
• Total	409,936
• Density	160/km2 (400/sq mi)
• Urban	32,689
• Rural	377,247
Demographics
• Literacy	64.68%
• Sex ratio	919
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration	JK-06
Major highways	NH 244
Website	doda.nic.in

History

The demography of district Doda is complex as compared to its neighbouring districts primarily because of the wide diversity in its population. In the past, Doda was largely inhabited by Sarazi population before people started settling here from Kashmir and other adjoining areas.[6][7] It got name Doda due to Opium plant which is known as Doddi in local language. The reasons for kashmiri population settling here in the past in 17th and 18th century is matter of ambiguity between historians.[8] However Sumantra Bose says it was repression by feudal class that drew people to the district of Doda, Ramban and Kishtwar.[9][10]

The Doda district consists of areas drawn from the ancient principalities of Kishtwar and Bhadarwah, both of which became part of a district by the name of 'Udhampur' in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.[11]

In 1948, the erstwhile Udhampur district was partitioned into the present Udhampur district, containing the Udhampur and Ramanagar tehsils, and 'Doda' district containing the Ramban, Bhadarwah, Thathri and Kishtwar tehsils.[12][9][13]

In 2006, Ramban was made into an independent district and the hilly area to the east of the present Doda district was separated as the Kishtwar district. The remaining areas include the Doda tehsil carved out of Kishtwar and the original Bhadarwah, now divided into three tehsils.[12][14]

In 1990s, various incidents were reported about the suppression of Hindus by the Militant organizations. In response to the rising terrorism, the government authorities made Village Defense Committee (VDC) in various villages. However some reports of VDC members indulging in criminal activities have also reported in the past. In a village called Karada, four Muslims were allegedly killed by VDC members. This incident also triggered the militant organisations to target those who supported the VDCs, believing them to be anti-Muslim. Since 1990s, many such incidents of killings by militants and VDCs have been reported.[15]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	102,011	—
1911	112,009	+9.8%
1921	117,759	+5.1%
1931	127,477	+8.3%
1941	140,446	+10.2%
1951	147,489	+5.0%
1961	154,532	+4.8%
1971	170,787	+10.5%
1981	224,197	+31.3%
1991	290,727	+29.7%
2001	372,613	+28.2%
2011	476,835	+28.0%
† 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated Source: Census of India[16]

According to the 2011 census, Doda district has a population of 409,936,[18] roughly equal to the nation of Malta.[19] This gives it a ranking of 556th in India (out of a total of 640).[18] The district has a population density of 79 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi) .[18] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 27.89%.[18]

Doda has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1000 males[18] (this varies with religion), and a literacy rate of 65.97%.[18]

Religion

The district has a Muslim majority 53.82%, with Hindus constituting 45.77% of the population and the remainder consisting of Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.[20]

Doda's society is a mixture of all religions with Hindus and Muslims being two major communities. The population ratio between the Muslims and the Hindus as per the census report of 2011 is around 55:45. Muslims of the region are mostly ethnic Kashmiris and are culturally and linguistically connected to the people of Kashmir.[9][8][21]

Doda district: religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.[4]
	Hindu	Muslim	Christian	Sikh	Buddhist	Jain	Other	Not stated	Total
Total	187,621	220,614	472	422	21	22	42	722	409,936
	45.77%	53.82%	0.12%	0.10%	0.01%	0.01%	0.01%	0.18%	100.00%
Male	98,252	114,372	324	286	9	11	24	363	213,641
Female	89,369	106,242	148	136	12	11	18	359	196,295
Gender ratio (% female)	47.6%	48.2%	31.4%	32.2%	57.1%	50.0%	42.9%	49.7%	47.9%
Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males)	910	929	–	–	–	–	–	989	919
Urban	9,786	22,668	40	153	0	14	0	28	32,689
Rural	177,835	197,946	432	269	21	8	42	694	377,247
% Urban	5.2%	10.3%	8.5%	36.3%	0.0%	63.6%	0.0%	3.9%	8.0%

Languages

Prominent Scholar Sumantra Bose states that the plurality of population of Doda speaks Kashmiri as their mother language.[22][23] A study conducted in 2014 identified 40% of the population as Kashmiri-speaking.[24] The Pahadi languages are spoken by the second largest group: Bhadarwahi and Siraji are the main ones.[25] Others in the district speak Gojri and Dogri.

Doda's population comprises different communities who live together peacefully despite following different religions and speak different languages. Most of the people of the region are well-versed with all the languages spoken in the area.[26][7]

Administration

Administratively, the district has 406 villages. Doda District has been divided into three subdivisions viz., Doda, Thathri, Bhaderwah and Bhalessa (Gandoh). It has eighteen tehsils.[27]

Politics

Doda District has now three assembly constituencies: Bhaderwah , Doda , and Doda West.[28][29]

Terrorism

Doda had a history of terrorism with one of the highest concentration of militants in Jammu and Kashmir. According to local authorities, about 200 militants were active in the district in early 2000s.[30] 28 April, 2007 Three LeT militants were killed during an encounter with troops of Rashtriya Rifles and police at village Panjan in Dessa area of Doda district. One of the militants was identified as Mubarak Ali of Dessa. Another unidentified militant is believed to be a Pakistani national.

Militants targeted the Hindu community while Muslim villagers were also targeted by militants as well as some anti-social outfits mostly who misused the VDCs. A report said that of the 489 civilians killed in the region till 2005.[31] There have been a number of killings of innocent civilians by militants and some anti-social outfits including:

• In August 1998, four Muslims were allegedly killed by VDC members in Karada village.[15]
• On June 19, 1998, 25 Hindus were brutally massacred by militants in Chapnari village of Doda district.[32]
• On 25 October 1998, four Muslim civilians shot dead allegedly by Indian troops in Doda, according to Police and local residents.[33]
• On 3 August 2001, 17 Hindu Civilians brutally massacred by Militants in ladder village.[34][35]
• The 2006 Doda massacre where 35 Hindu civilians killed on 30 April 2006.[36][37]
• Massacre of 19 Hindu villagers in Thawa village on 15 May 2006.[38]
• On 15 May 2019, Nayeem Ahmad Shah was killed by cow vigilantes in Bhaderwah, while he was not carrying any animal during attack. Eight Hindus were arrested in this case.[39][40][41]

References

Further reading

• Qazi, S.A. (2005), "Part II: Doda district", Systematic Geography of Jammu and Kashmir, APH Publishing, p. 210, ISBN 978-81-7648-786-3
• Sapru, Chander Shakher (17 October 2006). District Census Handbook Part A & B, Doda District (PDF). Census of India 2001 (Report).

External links

• Official website

На других языках

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[de] Doda (Distrikt)

Der Distrikt Doda (Urdu: ضلع ڈوڈہ) ist ein Distrikt im indischen Unionsterritorium Jammu und Kashmir. Sitz der Distriktverwaltung ist die gleichnamige Stadt Doda. 2007 wurde der nördliche Teil herausgelöst und bildet seitdem den neu gegründeten Distrikt Kishtwar.

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- [en] Doda district

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[ru] Дода (округ)

Дода (англ. Doda) — округ в индийской союзной территории Джамму и Кашмир, в регионе Джамму. Административный центр — город Дода. По данным всеиндийской переписи 2001 года население округа составляло 691 929 человек, в том числе мусульмане 400 765 (58 %), индуисты 286 849, сикхи 1942.

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