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Antrim (Irish: Aontroim [ˈeːnˠt̪ˠɾˠɪmʲ], meaning 'lone ridge')[4] is a town and civil parish in County Antrim in the northeast of Northern Ireland, on the banks of the Six Mile Water, on the northeast shore of Lough Neagh. It had a population of 23,375 people in the 2011 Census.[5] It is the county town of County Antrim and was the administrative centre of Antrim Borough Council. It is 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Belfast.

Antrim Scots: Antrìm,[1] Anthrim[2] or Entrim[3] Irish: Aontroim
Town
All Saints Parish Church and bridge over the Six Mile Water
Antrim Location within Northern Ireland
Population	23,375 (2011 Census)
Irish grid reference	J1588
• Belfast	19 miles (31 km)
District	Antrim and Newtownabbey
County	County Antrim
Country	Northern Ireland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ANTRIM
Postcode district	BT41
Dialling code	028
Police	Northern Ireland
Fire	Northern Ireland
Ambulance	Northern Ireland
UK Parliament	South Antrim
NI Assembly	South Antrim
Website
List of places UK Northern Ireland Antrim 54.7173°N 6.2055°W / 54.7173; -6.2055

History

According to tradition, a monastery was founded at Antrim in AD 495, thirty years after the death of Saint Patrick, to take forward his ministry, with a small settlement growing up around it. The round tower (see below), also known as "the Steeple", is all that remains.[6] In the Middle Ages, the area was part of the Gaelic territory of Dál Araide which covered much of what is now County Antrim.[7] At the eastern edge of town is a ringfort called Rathmore (Ráth Mór, "the great fort"), which was the royal residence of the kings of Dál Araide.[8]

By 1596, an English settlement had grown up around a ford across the Sixmilewater River. The All Saints Parish Church[9] has a datestone of 1596 with the words 'Gall-Antrum' carved on it – this could be translated as 'The Antrum of the English/foreigner'.[10] Hugh Clotworthy, father of the Anglo-Irish politician John Clotworthy, 1st Viscount Massereene, supervised the building of secure military quarters beside the old Norman motte. This later became the site of Antrim Castle. Hugh was knighted in 1617 and appointed High Sheriff of County Antrim.[6]

A battle was fought near Antrim between the English and Irish in the reign of Edward III; and in 1642 a naval engagement took place on Lough Neagh, for Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (who founded Antrim Castle in 1662) had a right to maintain a fighting fleet on the lough.[11]

The Society of United Irishmen launched a rebellion in 1798, which began in Leinster and quickly spread to Ulster. The United Irishmen had been founded in 1791 by liberal Protestants in Belfast. Its goal was to unite Catholics and Protestants and to end British monarchical rule over Ireland and to found a sovereign, independent Irish republic. Although its membership was mainly Catholic, many of its leaders and members in northeast Ulster were Protestant Presbyterians. On 7 June 1798, about 4,000 United Irishmen led by Henry Joy McCracken attacked the town. The rebels were on the verge of taking the town until British reinforcements arrived. Thanks to a rebel band led by James Hope, most of the United Irishmen were able to withdraw safely. This is known as the Battle of Antrim.

Before the Act of Union, the parliamentary borough of Antrim returned two members to the Irish House of Commons by virtue of letters patent granted in 1666 by Charles II.[11] It was disenfranchised in 1801.

Steeple House, a substantial 18th-century mansion which was home to the Clark family and then became the headquarters of Antrim Borough Council, was destroyed in a fire in July 2019.[12][13]

The Troubles

There were several incidents in and around Antrim during the Troubles including, in 1976, when six civilians (5 Protestants and one Catholic) were shot and killed during a UVF gun attack on the Ramble Inn pub near Antrim.[14]

Climate

As with the rest of Ireland, Antrim experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is at Belfast International Airport,[15] under 4 miles to the south of the town centre.

In a typical year the warmest day should reach a temperature of 25.4 °C (77.7 °F)[16] and 2.1 days[17] should attain a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above in total.

The coldest night of the year averages −6.6 °C (20.1 °F)[18] and 39 nights should register an air frost.[19] The absolute minimum temperature of −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) was reported during the record cold spell of December 2010.[20] In total during that month 10 nights fell to −10.0 °C (14.0 °F) or below, and the 21st recorded a daytime maximum of just −7.7 °C (18.1 °F)

Demography

On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 23,375 people living in Antrim, accounting for 1.29% of the NI total,[5] representing an increase of 16.9% on the Census 2001 population of 20,001.[25] Of these:

• 21.47% were aged under 16 years and 13.33% were aged 65 and over;
• 48.72% of the usually resident population were male and 51.28% were female;
• 54.80% belong to or were brought up in a Protestant or other Christian related background and 34.12% were brought up in a Catholic background;
• 61.47% indicated that they had a British national identity, 30.76% had a Northern Irish national identity and 11.56% had an Irish national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity);
• 35 years was the average (median) age of the population.
• 8.43% had some knowledge of Ulster Scots and 5.20% had some knowledge of the Irish language.

Landmarks

• Shane's Castle and Antrim Castle
• In the north of the town is one of the most perfect of the round towers of Ireland, 93 feet high and 50 feet in circumference at the base. It stands in the grounds of Steeple, where there is also the "Witches' Stone", a prehistoric monument.[11]
• There was a Castle, near the Six Mile Water, which was destroyed in a fire in 1922. All that remains is an octagonal tower.
• The river allowed the linen industry to be established. The linen industry has been replaced by a Technology Park, the only one in Northern Ireland.
• Antrim Market House is a 2–story building, nine bays long, three deep built in 1726. Formerly a Court House, it has recently been refurbished and is currently used as a tourist information centre and has a small theatre and café.
• The Castle Grounds, that is beside the Antrim Castle.
• The Springfarm Rath

Transport

Antrim railway station was opened on 11 April 1848, and closed for goods traffic on 4 January 1965.^{[citation needed]} Served by passenger trains on the Belfast-Derry railway line run by Northern Ireland Railways.

Antrim's Aldergrove Airport known as Belfast International Airport is the largest airport in Northern Ireland, serving destinations in Britain, Europe and North America. However, Aldergrove does not have a proper Airport rail link connection.

Retail

The Junction, formerly Junction One (named after junction 1 of the nearby M22 Motorway), is a retail park in the area with restaurants and a hotel.[26] Supermarkets serving the town include an Asda store, Lidl outlet, Tesco Extra, and Iceland store.^{[citation needed]} Castle Mall, located on High Street in the town, was formerly known as Castle Centre. It has a selection of every day shops, including the town's main Post Office.[27]

Education

Junior schools serving the area include Antrim Primary School,[28] Ballycraigy Primary School,[29] Greystone Primary School,[30] St Comgall's Primary School,[31] and St Joseph's Primary School.[32]

The secondary schools are Antrim Grammar School[33] and Parkhall College.[34]

The Greenmount campus of the College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise (CAFRE) is near Antrim.[35]

Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association club is Naomh Comhghall CLG (St. Comgalls Antrim).[36] The association football club, Chimney Corner F.C., plays its home games in Allen Park on Castle Road. Other Antrim sports clubs include Antrim Hockey Club and Muckamore Cricket Club.

People

This section does not cite any sources. (March 2012)

• Mark Allen (b. 1986) – snooker player
• Caitlin Blackwood (b. 2000) - child actress known for playing Amelia Pond (the adult role of Amy taken by her cousin Karen) in Doctor Who
• Joe Holmes (1906–1978) – traditional musician
• Andrew Hunter (1813–1902) – Methodist preacher
• Declan Kearney (b. 1964) – Sinn Féin politician, MLA
• Thomas McCord (1750–1824) – businessman and politician in Lower Canada
• Eva McGown (1883–1972) – Official Hostess of Fairbanks and Honorary Hostess of Alaska
• Joseph Stephenson-Jellie (1874–1960) – cricketer
• Josh Rock (b. 2001) - dart player

See also

• List of localities in Northern Ireland by population
• Market Houses in Northern Ireland
• List of civil parishes of County Antrim

References

• Antrim on the Culture Northern Ireland website.

External links

• Antrim Borough Council
• Antrim Community Website

На других языках

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- [en] Antrim, County Antrim

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[ru] Антрим (город)

А́нтрим (англ. Antrim, от ирл. Aontroim — жилище отшельника) — крупнейший город одноименного района, находящийся в одноименном графстве Северной Ирландии, расположенный на берегах реки Сикс Майл Уотер (Six Mile Water).

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