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Yüksekova (Kurdish: Gever,[3] Syriac: ܓܵܘܵܪ, romanized: Gāwār[4]), is a city and a district of the Hakkâri Province of Turkey, situated on the border with Iran. The mayor is Remziye Yaşar.[5]

Yüksekova
Gever
Yüksekova
Yüksekova
Coordinates: 37°34′00″N 44°17′00″E
CountryTurkey
ProvinceHakkâri
Government
 • MayorRemziye Yaşar (HDP)
 • KaymakamÜzeyir Aziz Özeren
Area
[1]
 • District2,371.85 km2 (915.78 sq mi)
Elevation
1,950 m (6,400 ft)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
68,230
 • District
115,966
 • District density49/km2 (130/sq mi)
Post code
30300
Websitewww.yuksekova.bel.tr

Name


In Kurdish Gever means a high/raised meadow which totally matches the geographical features of the city and the area. Gever is located in a wide and raised plain. Even though this meaning is not reasonably justified, but some suggest the following: Gawar or "Gaur, Gwer, Gabr, Gawr" is a religious term of Zoroastrianism which means "fire worshipper" in Avestan,[6][7] and later applied to all non-Muslim people of the Middle East in the Islamic era (see گبر). This word was later used as an Islamic religious term as "Giaour, Gavur, Kuffar", meaning "infidel".[8][9] In 1936, its name was changed to Yüksekova by Turkish authorities.


History


In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Gawar had around 30 villages. Prior to World War I, the population of Gawar was 15,000.[10] Inhabitants lived off agriculture that mainly consisted of wheat, barley, cotton and tea. Gawar had around 1497 families in the 1880s.

Up until World War I, Gawar was the seat of a bishop of the Church of the East. The district of Gawar served as the main travel stop for Assyrians traveling between the Hakkari tribal areas and the Urmia plains.

According to historian Hirmis Aboona, in the 1810s the whole population of villages in the region of the Upper Zab River were Assyrians until the Assyrian genocide.[11]


Population history



Population changes in city
Year 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1997 2000 2007
Population 858[12] 1,212[12] 1,143[12] 1,397[12] 1,628[12] 2,768[12] 4,419[12] 7,329[12] 14,287[12] 16,334[12] 28,486[12] 53,411[12] 59,662[12] 59,410[12]

Settlements

Settlement Ethnicity (tribe)
Yüksekova (Gever) Kurdish (Mixed tribal and non-tribal)[13]
Adaklı (Alekanan) Kurdish (Doskan, Oramar and Pinyanişî)[13]
Akalın (Bajêrge) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[14]
Akçalı (Kertinîs) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[15]
Akocak (Heleyîs) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[16]
Akpınar (Soryan) Kurdish (Dirî)[17]
Aksu (Gagewran) Kurdish (Begzade)[18]
Altınoluk (Elwer) Kurdish (Dirî and Kaşuran)[19]
Armutdüzü (Metolanis) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[16]
Aşağı Uluyol (Tilorana Jêri) Kurdish (Dirî)[20]
Bağdas (Peranîs) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[16]
Bataklık (Silîwana) Kurdish (Doskan)[21]
Beşatlı (Xilxês) Kurdish (Pinyanişî and Silehî)[22]
Beşbulak (Dara) Kurdish (Dirî)[23]
Bölük (Bolûk) Kurdish (Begzade and Dirî)[17][18]
Bostancık (Gilord) Kurdish (Doskan and Oremar)[16][24]
Bulaklı (Memkan) Kurdish (Doskan and Oremar)[25]
Büyükçiftlik (Hirvata) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[13]
Çatma (Sûsyan) Kurdish (Doskan)[26]
Çukurca (Pagê)
Dağlıca (Oremar) Kurdish (Oremar)[13]
Dedeler (Zîzan) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[27]
Değerli (Memkava)
Dermirkonak (Kaport) Kurdish (Dirî)[17]
Dibekli (Awerd)
Dilekli (Şûke) Kurdish (Oremar)[13]
Dilektaşı (Manîs) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[16]
Doğanlı (Ertuş) Kurdish (Ertoşi)[28]
Esendere (Nawdîyan) Kurdish (Dirî and Geravî)[29]
Gökyurt (Tekurawa) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[30]
Güçlü (Peylan) Kurdish (Dirî)[31]
Güldalı (Bilinbasan)
Güllüce (Sekran) Kurdish (Dirî)[17]
Gürdere (Ciwyan) Kurdish (Doskan)[26]
Gürkavak (Şagilord) Kurdish (Doskan)[13]
İkiyaka (Sat) Kurdish (Oremar)[16]
İnanlı (Xalane)
Kadıköy (Qadyan) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[32]
Kamışlı (Sînava) Kurdish (Geravî)[33]
Karabey (Zerdeşt) Kurdish (Dirî)[34]
Karlı (Befircan) Kurdish (Doskan)[26]
Kazan (Tawani)
Keçili (Sorê) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[35]
Kısıklı (Dêlezi) Kurdish (Dirî)[36]
Kolbaşı (Şavîte)
Köprücük (Kerpêl) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[37]
Köşkönü (Pişkesr) Kurdish (Doskan)[17]
Onbaşılar (Hirmîn) Kurdish (Dirî)[38]
Örnekköy (Miçîç)
Ortaç (Bawenîs) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[16]
Pirinçeken (Kinyaniş) Kurdish (Oremar)[29]
Pınargözü (Xelkan) Kurdish (Oremar)[16]
Salkımlı (Niziran) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[39]
Sarıtaş (Dirbêsan) Kurdish (Ertoşî and Mamxuran)[40]
Serindere (Şîşemzîn) Kurdish (Mamxuran)[41]
Süretli (Bêsitkê) Kurdish (Oremar)[16]
Suüstü (Şakîtan) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[42]
Tatlı (Bîyan) Kurdish (Pinyanişî)[43]
Tuğlu (Haciyan) Kurdish (Doskan)[29]
Vezirli (Vezîrawa)
Yeniışık (Kineriwî)
Yeşiltaş (Şitazin) Kurdish (Oremar)[29]
Yoncalık (Pîrzalan) Kurdish (Dirî and Pinyanişî)[13]
Yürekli (Herînk)

Climate

Yüksekova has a continental mediterranean climate (Köppen: Dsb). The winter months are cold and snowy, springs are cool and wet, autumns are mild and crisp, while the summer months are pleasantly warm and dry with cool nights. The average annual temperature is 6.9 °C and precipitation here averages 670 mm.[44]

Climate data for Yüksekova
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −6.4
(20.5)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 2.7
(36.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 17.6
(63.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.8
(80.2)		 23.2
(73.8)		 16.3
(61.3)		 7.7
(45.9)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 11.7
(53.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 6.0
(42.8)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.5
(61.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 3.3
(37.9)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 6.9
(44.4)
Average low °C (°F) −11.5
(11.3)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 1.8
(35.2)		 6.6
(43.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 13.6
(56.5)		 13.9
(57.0)		 9.6
(49.3)		 4.7
(40.5)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 2.1
(35.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 71
(2.8)		 90
(3.5)		 104
(4.1)		 106
(4.2)		 58
(2.3)		 18
(0.7)		 6
(0.2)		 5
(0.2)		 6
(0.2)		 50
(2.0)		 76
(3.0)		 80
(3.1)		 670
(26.3)
Source: Climate-Data.org[45]
  • The ruins of the ancient Assyrian church of St. Mārī in the village of Sāt, Jīlū district, Yüksekova
    The ruins of the ancient Assyrian church of St. Mārī in the village of Sāt, Jīlū district, Yüksekova
  • The southern façade of the ancient Assyrian church of Rabban Mar Yonan
    The southern façade of the ancient Assyrian church of Rabban Mar Yonan
  • Gevar plains in winter
    Gevar plains in winter
  • In spring
    In spring

Notable Gawar Assyrians

  • Mar Meelis Zaia - Assyrian Church of the East bishop, diocese of Australia and New Zealand.
  • Robin Zirwanda, frontman of Assyrian Australian Latin band Azadoota.

Notable people

  • Hacı Karay (1950-1994), Kurdish human rights activist in Turkey
  • Savaş Buldan (1961-1994), Kurdish Businessmen
  • Abdullah Zeydan (1972*), Kurdish politician
  • Fırat Kaplan (1998*), Footballer

See also

  • Assyrian Tribes
  • List of Assyrian settlements
  • Tyari, an Assyrian tribe also in Hakkari
  • Nochiya
  • Jilu, a tribe in proximity to Gawar
  • Yeşiltaş, Yüksekova, a modern village where Jilu lies at
  • Öveç, Şemdinli, a Nochiya tribe (Saranus)
  • Beyyurdu, Şemdinli, Nochiya tribe of Be Diwe
  • Çığlı, Çukurca (Ashita)

References

  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 55. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  4. Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901). Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 688.
  5. "Hakkari Yüksekova Seçim Sonuçları: 31 Mart 2019 Hakkari Yüksekova Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". Sözcü (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-09-10.
  6. "cide.gcide.g - the GNU project". the GNU project. Open Publishing. March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  7. "Zoroastrian Heritage". the GNU project. Open Publishing. March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  8. Bausani, A. (1965), "Gabr", Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. II (2 ed.), Leiden: Brill
  9. Shaki, Mansour (2001), "Gabr", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 10, Costa Mesa: Mazda
  10. Assyrians Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, M.Y.A . Lilian, 1914
  11. Aboona, Hirmis (2008). Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire. Cambria Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1604975833.
  12. [dead link]
  13. Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 218.
  14. "'Hakkari'ye 3'te 3 yetmez'". 5 June 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  15. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 41 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 5 November 2019. 17:22 minutes in.
  16. Aşiretler raporu (in Turkish). Kaynak Yayınları. 1998. pp. 158–160.
  17. Aşiretler raporu (in Turkish). Kaynak Yayınları. 1998. p. 153.
  18. Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 215.
  19. "Yüksekova'da arazi kavgası: 1 ölü" (in Turkish). 18 July 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  20. "Katliam itirafına rağmen soruşturma açılmıyor" (in Turkish). 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  21. "HDP'nin seçim çalışması devam ediyor" (in Turkish). 14 June 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  22. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 52 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 2 January 2020. Li vî gundî kevneşopiya Eşîra Silehî û Pinyanîşiyan hat ravekirin...
  23. "Cihangir Diri toprağa verildi" (in Turkish). 29 March 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  24. Engin, Kerem (2019). "Li herêma doskiyan çend deqên edebiyata Kurdî": 4. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 70 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 28 August 2020. 8:35 minutes in.
  26. Rubar Güngör, Tekbaş (2020). "Understanding how Kurdish women are transferring agricultural knowledge about local seeds to the next generations from ecofeminist perspective: A case study of Doski cucumber" (PDF): 73–74. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. "Yüksekova'da korucuların kaçırdığı Nursena'yı devlet bulamadı biz bulduk" (in Turkish). 17 July 2005. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  28. "Yüksekova'da aşiret kavgası" (in Turkish). 9 September 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  29. Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 219.
  30. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 40 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 7 October 2019. 25:16 minutes in.
  31. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 45 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 19 December 2019. Li vî gundî mirovên ji Eşîra Dîriyan dijîn...
  32. "Adayların çalışmaları devam ediyor". 14 May 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  33. "İlk defa döner yiyen anneler var" (in Turkish). 19 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  34. "BDP iki aileyi barıştırdı" (in Turkish). 16 November 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  35. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 58 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 31 January 2020. 17:16 minutes in.
  36. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 109 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 17 August 2021. 46:22 minutes in.
  37. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 91 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 9 March 2021. 2:29 minutes in.
  38. Ünlü, Barış; Değer, Ozan (2011). İsmail Beşikçi (in Turkish). İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750523861.
  39. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 114 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 2 January 2020. 13:53 minutes in.
  40. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 94 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 23 February 2021. 5:20 minutes in.
  41. "Gever'de Timur'a tepki" (in Turkish). 10 June 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  42. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 50 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 2 January 2020. 3.09 minutes in.
  43. Rûbar (nehir) beşa 61 (in Kurdish). TRT Kurdî. 6 March 2020. 44:55 minutes in.
  44. "Climate Yüksekova: Temperature, Climograph, Climate table for Yüksekova - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  45. "Climate:Yüksekova". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

На других языках

[de] Yüksekova

Yüksekova (syrisch-aramäisch ܓܒܼܪ Gawar, Alternativschreibweise ܓܵܒܼܵܪ; kurdisch Gever) ist eine Stadt und ein Landkreis der türkischen Provinz Hakkâri im Südosten der Türkei. Im Jahre 1934 erhielt das damalige Gever den Status einer Belediye. Die Umbenennung zu Yüksekova erfolgte zwei Jahre später. Die Stadt ist die größte der Provinz und beherbergt fast zwei Drittel der Kreisbevölkerung (2020: 59,97 %).
- [en] Yüksekova

[ru] Юксекова

Юксекова (тур. Yüksekova) — город и район в провинции Хаккяри (Турция) на границе с Ираном. Расположение между северо-западным Ираном и восточной Турцией делает этот населённый пункт важным перекрёстком для путешественников и нескольких этнических групп, занимающихся в регионе торговлей.


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