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Hikari (光市, Hikari-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

Hikari
光市
City
Hikari city office
Flag
Emblem
Location of Hikari in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Hikari
Location in Japan
Coordinates: 33°57′43″N 131°56′32″E
CountryJapan
RegionChūgoku (San'yō)
PrefectureYamaguchi Prefecture
Government
 • MayorYasuyoshi Sueoka
Area
 • Total91.94 km2 (35.50 sq mi)
Population
 (October 1, 2016)
 • Total51,040
 • Density560/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall address6-1-1 Chūō, Hikari-shi, Yamaguchi-ken
743-8501
Websitewww.city.hikari.yamaguchi.jp
Symbols
FlowerUme
TreeJapanese Black Pine

The city was founded on April 1, 1943. It was reorganised with different borders on July 1, 1955, and October 4, 2004.

As of October 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 51,040, and a population density of 560 persons per square kilometer (1,450.4 persons per square mile). The total area is 91.94 square kilometers (35.50 sq mi). The name Hikari itself means "brilliance" or "light" in Japanese.

It is connected by railroad with a train station and route 188.

Hikari is bounded with Yanai, Kudamatsu, Shunan, Iwakuni and Tabuse in the Kumage District.

On October 4, 2004, the town of Yamato (from Kumage District) was merged into Hikari.


History



Municipal timeline



Military


The Hikari Naval Arsenal (or Dockyard) included a fire-control factory, built in 1942, that employed about 600 people. It was one of the principal establishments for producing the Standard H.A. System (Type 94 Kosha Sochi) at the rate of ~15 per month, along with bomb components, torpedo afterbodies, and misc. machined parts.[1]

The Imperial Japanese Navy formed the Second Special Attack Force (former First Special Base Unit) on March 1, 1945, at Hikari for conducting kaiten attacks. Rear Admiral Nagai Mitsuru was the Commanding Officer. On that same day, a kaiten crew training unit is also formed at Hirao, SE of Hikari.[2] This was one of four such kaiten training bases.

With hints of cessation of hostilities, bombing raids by U.S. forces were canceled. However, resumption of bombing was ordered on August 13, 1945.[3] The Hikari Naval Arsenal was consequently bombed the next day on August 14, 1945 (one day before the end of war), taking 738 lives.[2][4] The attacking U.S. aircraft were 156 B-29 bombers[5] of the 40th Bomb Group[6] stationed in Saipan, supported by P-51 Mustangs from Iwo Jima.[2] The 40th Bomb Group dropped 3,540 bombs (885 tons) on the Hikari Naval Arsenal, resulting in severe destruction.[7][8] Including this bombing, Hikari lost more than 1,200 citizens in World War II, both military and civilian.[4] After surrender, Allied forces found 52 kaiten at Hikari and destroyed them.[2]

The former Hikari Naval Arsenal is now the sites for Nippon Steel Corporation [5] and vaccine manufacturing by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company.[9] Takeda discovered the hull of a Type 4 Kaiten under one of the buildings in August 1989, an attestation to the history of the site.[2]

The Kaiten Monument, erected in 1996, honors Hikari Naval Arsenal kaiten pilots. Steel frames that once constituted the structure of the destroyed Hikari Naval Arsenal were used to build the Tsukumo Bridge.[10]


References


  1. Jackson, D.H, and Delmar-Morgan, S. "JAPANESE ORDNANCE RESEARCH TESTING, AND TRAINING" (United States Navy, January 1946) Part II.B, p. 9 - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  2. Hackett, Bob and Kingsepp, Sander. "SENSUIKAN! Midget Submarines in Japan and 'Operation Downfall' - 1945" - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  3. Dorr, Robert F. "B-29 Superfortress Units of World War 2" (Osprey Publishing, 2002) p. 77 - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  4. Tomokiyo, Hiroshi. "2005 Hikari City Memorial Service for the War Dead" - accessed 27 Jan 2010
  5. Tomokiyo, Hiroshi. "2004 Hikari City Memorial Service for the War Dead" - accessed 27 Jan 2010
  6. Wyatt, Daniel. "World War II: 40th Bomb Group" (Aviation History, September 1994) - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  7. "MISSION SUMMARIES: Mission # 325" - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  8. "Army Air Forces Statistical Digest, World War II" (The United States Army Air Forces in World War II) Table 201 - accessed 28 Jan 2010
  9. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. "History 1945-1984" - accessed 27 Jan 2010
  10. Tomokiyo, Hiroshi. "The Hikari Naval Dockyard" - accessed 27 Jan 2010


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hikari, Yamaguchi.

На других языках

[de] Hikari

Hikari (japanisch .mw-parser-output .Hani{font-size:110%}光市, -shi, wörtlich „Lichtstadt“) ist eine Stadt in der Präfektur Yamaguchi in Japan.
- [en] Hikari, Yamaguchi

[ru] Хикари

Хикари (яп. 光市 Хикари-си) — город в Японии, находящийся в префектуре Ямагути. Площадь города составляет 91,94 км²[1], население — 51 744 человека (1 августа 2014)[2], плотность населения — 562,80 чел./км².


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