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Oiapoque (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɔjɐˈpɔki]) is a municipality in the north of the state of Amapá, Brazil. Its population is 27,906[3] and its area is 22,625 square kilometres (8,736 sq mi).[4] Oiapoque is also a major river in the same state, forming the international border with French Guiana. The Oyapock River Bridge, connecting the village with Saint-Georges in French Guiana, was completed in 2011 but not opened to pedestrian or vehicle traffic until 2017.[5]

Oiapoque
Municipality
Município de Oiapoque
A street in Oiapoque.
Flag Seal
Location of Oiapoque in the State of Amapá
Coordinates: 03°50′34″N 51°50′06″W
Country	Brazil
Region	North
State	Amapá
Founded	1945
Government
• Mayor	Maria Orlana (PSDB)
Area
• Total	22,625 km2 (8,736 sq mi)
Elevation	3 m (10 ft)
Population  (2020)
• Total	27,906
• Density	0.85/km2 (2.2/sq mi)
	[1]
Time zone	UTC−3 (BRT)
HDI (2000)	0.738 – medium[2]
Website	oiapoque.com.br

Lying on the northern coast of Brazil, Oiapoque is popularly considered the northernmost point of Brazil. The phrase do Oiapoque ao Chuí ("from Oiapoque to Chuí") means "all of Brazil."[6] However, there are more northerly points in Roraima state such as the municipality of Uiramutã. Oiapoque remains the northernmost coastal city of Brazil, and the northernmost city of Amapá. It occupies more than half of the north border of the state.

Early history

The Oiapoque River is said to have been discovered by Vicente Yáñez Pinzón in the first years of the 16th century. It has been called Japoc, Yapoc, Iapoco, and even Vicente Pinzón River. The name Oiapoque was officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and France was resolved through Swiss diplomatic arbitration.

Clevelândia

At the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Oiapoque hosted a political and criminal concentration camp called Clevelândia. In 1922 an agricultural outpost called the Núcleo Colonial Cleveland was transformed into a camp during the presidency of Arthur Bernardes (1922–1926). Many Brazilian anarchist militants were sentenced to hard labour here. Of the 946 prisoners interned at Clevelândia between 1924 and 1927, 491 died. Many of the survivors returned to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro permanently sickened with malaria.[7]

Geography

Oiapoque is bordered to the west by its long frontier with French Guiana. It is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean. On its eastern and southern sides it borders the municipalities of Calçoene, Serra do Navio, Pedra Branca do Amapari, and Laranjal do Jari.[4]

The municipality contains 24.15% of the 2,369,400 hectares (5,855,000 acres) Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006.[8] The Cabo Orange National Park is located on the coast of the municipality, and covers 6,573 square kilometres (2,538 sq mi) of rainforest on the coast line.[9]

Oiapoque can be accessed by air via the Oiapoque Airport.[10]

Kuahí Museum

The Kuahí Museum was opened in 2007 by the four indigenous groups living the municipality: the Palikur, the Galibi Marwono, the Galibi do Oiapoque, and the Karipuna do Amapá. The museum contains more than 400 objects used by the Amerindians.[11] The project was conceived in the 1990s to promote and transmit the knowledge of the indigenous community. The museum is a public not-for-profit entity linked to the Amapá State Secretariat of Culture.[12]

Climate

Oiapoque has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from August to November and heavy to very heavy rainfall in the remaining months.

Subdivisions

The municipality of Oiapoque contains three districts:[14]

Name / Main settlement	Other settlements
The town of Oiapoque
Clevelândia do Norte	Ilha Bela, Vila Brasil
Vila Velha

There are four indigenous tribes in the municipality located in indigenous territories:[11]

Tribe	Main settlement	Other settlements
Galibi Marwono	Kumarumã
Galibi do Oiapoque	São José dos Galibi
Karipuna do Amapá	Manga	Espírito Santo, Santa Isabel
Palikur	Kumenê	Flecha, Kamuywa

Gallery

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References

External links

• Oiapoque City Hall official website
• Media related to Oiapoque at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Oiapoque

Oiapoque, amtlich portugiesisch Município de Oiapoque, ist eine Kleinstadt mit großem Gemeindegebiet im äußersten Norden Brasiliens im Bundesstaat Amapá. Die Bevölkerungszahl wurde zum 1. Juli 2020 auf 27.906 Einwohner geschätzt, die Oiapoquenser (oiapoquenses) genannt werden und auf einer Gemeindefläche von rund 23.034,4 km² leben, der zweitgrößten Fläche der 16 Munizips des Bundesstaates.[2] Wirtschaftlich bedeutend ist sie vor allem als Grenzstadt nach Französisch-Guayana, von dem die Stadt durch den Oiapoque-Fluss getrennt ist. Die Entfernung zur Hauptstadt Macapá beträgt 550 km.

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- [en] Oiapoque

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[es] Oiapoque

Oiapoque es un municipio brasileño en el estado de Amapá al norte de Brasil en la frontera con la Guayana Francesa. Tiene un área de 22.625 km², su población se estimaba al 2005 en 16.226 habitantes.

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[ru] Ояпоки

Ояпоки (порт. Oiapoque) — муниципалитет в Бразилии, входит в штат Амапа. Составная часть мезорегиона Север штата Амапа. Входит в экономико-статистический микрорегион Ояпоки. Население составляет 20 509 человек на 2007 год. Занимает площадь 22 625,286 км². Плотность населения — 0,91 чел./км².

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