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Cheongju (Korean pronunciation: [tsʰʌŋ.dzu]) is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea.

Cheongju
청주시
Specific city
Korean transcription(s)
  Hangul청주시
  Hanja淸州市
  Revised RomanizationCheongju-si
  McCune-ReischauerCh'ŏngju-si
A front view of Sangdangsanseong
Location in South Korea
Coordinates: 36°38′N 127°29′E
Country South Korea
RegionHoseo
First mention940
Founded1946
Administrative divisions4 gu, 30 legal dong, 3 eup, 10 myeon
Area
  Total940.3 km2 (363.1 sq mi)
Elevation
39 m (128 ft)
Population
 (May 2021)
  Total846,291
  Density900/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
  Dialect
Chungcheong
Postal code
28100~28899
Area code(+82) 43-2xx
Websitecheongju.go.kr/english/index.do

History


Cheongju has been an important provincial town since ancient times. In the Cheongju Mountains, specifically in the one where Sangdang Sanseong is located, ruins dating from the Old Stone Age to the Bronze Age have been found.[1] Settlements associated with the Paleolithic Age have also been discovered at Cheongju such as the Durubong Cave Site.[2]

After the unification of the kingdoms by Silla in 676, which caused various parts of Korea to adapt Buddhism including Cheongju, because the Silla culture was connected with the Silk Road, which brought the Buddhist religion from Nepal across Northern China to the Korean Peninsula.[3] In the Goryeo era during the reign of Gwangjong, several monuments related to Buddhism were created, among them are Cheol Danggan, built during the year 962 in the center of the city near the remains of Yongdu Temple, which is a flagpole to hang the Dang flag, which is raised to pay tribute to Buddha.[4] Cheol Danggan was listed as a National Treasure in 1962 by the South Korean government.[4] In the Chosen period, the Cheongju region began to adopt Confucianism as its main religion.[3]

Throughout the history of Cheongju, different temples were established during different periods in the history of the Korean peninsula such as the Buddhist Yonghwasa Temple dating back to the Goryeo period[5] in addition to the Bulguksa Temple established in the 8th century during the Silla Dynasty period.[6] Cheongju temples were the first places where advances in Korean printing such as book printing were established, and one of these important documents was printed at Heungdeok Temple during the Goryeo Dynasty, specifically during the year 1377.[7]

One of the first schools established in North Chungcheong Province was founded in Cheongju City during 1896.[8] During the Baekje Dynasty period, several tombs were built around the city,[9] in addition to Joseon Dynasty period forts such as Sangdangsanseong, which served to connect the northern and southern provinces after the Japanese invasion of 1592.[10]

In 1593, the Battle of Cheongju took place between Japanese forces and the Joseon kingdom that then ruled the Korean peninsula during the Hideyoshi's Invasions of Korea, in which more than 8,000 Korean warrior monks participated.[11]

The government of the province relocated here from Chungju in 1908. The opening of the Chungbuk-line in 1926 sparked regional development. In 1946, Cheongju and Cheongwon-gun were separated, and in 1949, Cheongju was upgraded to Cheongju City. Afterwards, it went through the separation of administrative dong and their transfer to Cheongwon-gun, with 2 branch offices (East and West) established in July 1989 that were upgraded to Sangdang-gu and Heungdeok-gu in January.[12]

Cheongju experienced one of the largest population growths in Korea, having almost quadrupled its population from 147,000 in 1970 to 582,158 in 2000.[13]


Geography


Cityscape of Cheongju
Cityscape of Cheongju

Geum River goes through the center of Cheongju city. Additionally, the tributaries of Musim and Miho flow together in the northern part of the city. To the east and west, there are the mountains of Wuam and Bumo. Musimcheon River also goes through the middle of Cheongju city.


Climate


Cheongju is a temperate zone, so there are four seasons. Cheongju experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa) with cold winters and hot summers.

Climate data for Cheongju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1)
22.1
(71.8)
25.9
(78.6)
31.3
(88.3)
34.5
(94.1)
35.3
(95.5)
37.8
(100.0)
39.1
(102.4)
34.3
(93.7)
30.6
(87.1)
25.1
(77.2)
18.3
(64.9)
39.1
(102.4)
Average high °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)
6.4
(43.5)
12.5
(54.5)
19.6
(67.3)
24.8
(76.6)
28.2
(82.8)
30.0
(86.0)
30.6
(87.1)
26.4
(79.5)
20.7
(69.3)
13.0
(55.4)
5.4
(41.7)
18.4
(65.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3)
1.0
(33.8)
6.5
(43.7)
13.0
(55.4)
18.7
(65.7)
23.0
(73.4)
25.8
(78.4)
26.2
(79.2)
21.3
(70.3)
14.6
(58.3)
7.5
(45.5)
0.6
(33.1)
13.1
(55.6)
Average low °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)
−3.8
(25.2)
1.0
(33.8)
7.0
(44.6)
13.1
(55.6)
18.4
(65.1)
22.4
(72.3)
22.6
(72.7)
17.0
(62.6)
9.4
(48.9)
2.6
(36.7)
−3.7
(25.3)
8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F) −24.1
(−11.4)
−26.4
(−15.5)
−12.5
(9.5)
−4.8
(23.4)
2.8
(37.0)
7.9
(46.2)
12.3
(54.1)
12.7
(54.9)
3.7
(38.7)
−4.3
(24.3)
−11.0
(12.2)
−20.6
(−5.1)
−26.4
(−15.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.6
(0.81)
29.0
(1.14)
42.9
(1.69)
75.5
(2.97)
82.8
(3.26)
140.0
(5.51)
293.8
(11.57)
274.2
(10.80)
142.3
(5.60)
58.0
(2.28)
46.6
(1.83)
26.7
(1.05)
1,232.4
(48.52)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.2 6.4 7.8 8.3 8.1 9.4 15.7 14.0 8.7 6.1 8.7 8.8 109.2
Average snowy days 9.1 5.5 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.2 8.5 28.5
Average relative humidity (%) 63.5 58.6 55.6 53.4 57.7 64.5 74.2 73.1 70.6 66.8 65.6 64.9 64.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 166.9 176.9 207.6 220.0 238.8 196.5 150.1 173.1 176.4 204.1 160.6 161.0 2,232
Percent possible sunshine 53.1 55.9 54.0 56.6 53.5 44.6 34.3 42.5 47.6 57.3 51.5 52.4 49.7
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[14][15][16][17][18]

Administrative districts


From 1 July 2014, Cheongju and Cheongwon County unified, and administrative districts were changed to the following:

Osong-eup, Gangnae-myeon, Oksan-myeon, Uncheon-dong, Sinbong-dong, Bokdae1-dong, Bokdae2-dong, Gakyeong-dong, Bongmyeong1-dong, Bongmyeong2-dong, Songjeong-dong, Gangseo1-dong, Gangseo2-dong, Ochang-eup

Nami-myeon, Hyeondo-myeon, Sajik1-dong, Sajik2-dong, Sachang-dong, Mochooung-dong, Sugok1-dong, Sugok2-dong, Sannam-dong, Bunpyeong-dong, Seonghwa-dong, Geasin-dong, Jookrim-dong

Nangseong-myeon, Miwon-myeon, Gaduk-myeon, Namil-myeon, Mooni-myeon, Joongang-dong, Seongan-dong, Top-dong, Deasung-dong, Yeongun-dong, Geumcheon-dong, Yongam-dong, Myeongam-dong, Sinsung-dong, Yongam1-dong, Yongam2-dong

Nesoo-eup, Buki-myeon, Wooam-dong, Neduk1-dong, Neduk2-dong, Yoolang-dong, Sacheon-dong, Ogeunjang-dong,[19] Ochang-eup


Government and infrastructure


The headquarters of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety are located in the Osong Health Technology Administration Complex.


Cultural properties



Transport


Cheongju International Airport provides scheduled flights within Korea and to China. The main train station is located at Ogeunjang approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the city hall. This station is on the Chungbuk Line. Cheongju Bus Terminal provides almost all of the bus lines to bus terminals located in other cities. Ticketing time is between 4:00 am and 11:40 pm. Cheongju Express Bus Terminal provides some bus lines for Seoul (Gangnam, Sangbong, South Seoul, East Seoul, Busan, East Deagu, Gwangju).


Education


Cheongju is the site of several tertiary institutions, including:


Festival


The Cheongju International Craft Biennale is usually held in September or October.[20]

There is also the Osong Cosmetic and Beauty Expo.[21]


Twin towns – sister cities


City Prefecture/Province/State Country Year Sources
Tottori Tottori Prefecture Japan 1991 [22]
Wuhan Hubei China 2000 [23]
Bellingham Washington United States 2008 [24][25][26]
Rostov-on-Don Rostov oblast Russia 1999 [27]

Notable people from Cheongju



References


  1. Ch'a, Yong-gŏl (2007). Mountain Fortresses in Central Inland Korea: Sangdang Sanseong Mountain Fortress. Korea Fortress Academy. ISBN 978-89-961732-2-9.
  2. "The Beginnings of Korea's History (Prehistoric Times – Gojoseon)". Korea.net. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  3. Sang-cheul, Choe (2002). "Creating Cultural Identity for Sustainable Urban Development A Case Study of the City of Cheongju in Korea" (PDF). Seoul National University. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  4. "El proyecto de renovación de una plaza iluminará un asta medieval de una ciudad surcoreana". Yonhap News Agency (in Spanish). 1 June 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  5. "Stone Buddhas of Yonghwasa Temple, Cheongju". Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  6. "Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  7. "Oldest metal-printed book published in Korean, English". The Korea Times. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  8. Hwang, Kyung Moon (29 December 2015). Rationalizing Korea: The Rise of the Modern State, 1894–1945. University of California Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-520-96327-6.
  9. Traces of Jikji and Korean Movable Metal Types. Cheongju Early Printing Museum Press. 2003. p. 7.
  10. Eun-yi, Lee (10 November 2020). "[Monthly Korea] Modern Charm Nested in a Time-Honored Fortress". Korea.net. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  11. Shields, Steven (18 August 2020). "[RAS Korea] Cheongju: a historical and cultural gem". The Korea Times. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  12. * Welcome to Cheongju-Si Homepage * Archived 23 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Nadarajah, M.; Yamamoto, Ann Tomoko (2007). Urban Crisis: Culture and the Sustainability of Cities. United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-92-808-1125-4.
  14. "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  15. 우리나라 기후평년값 - 파일셋 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  16. 우리나라 기후평년값 - 그래프 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  17. 순위값 - 구역별조회 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  18. "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  19. 청원청주통합 홍보안내. 3 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014.
  20. http://okcj.org/wp/%7CCheongju%5B%5D International public website
  21. "Cosmetics & Beauty Expo Osong Korea 2013". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  22. "Cheongju Sister Cities: Tottori city, Japan". Cheongju City. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  23. "Cheongju Sister Cities: Wuhan city, China". Cheongju City. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  24. "Cheongju Sister Cities: Bellingham city, U.S". Cheongju City. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  25. "Our Sister Cities". Bellingham Sister Cities Association. Retrieved 20 January 2015.[permanent dead link]
  26. "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015.
  27. Города-побратимы Ростова-на-Дону (in Russian). Official site Administration of the city of Rostov-on-Don.



На других языках


- [en] Cheongju

[ru] Чхонджу

Чхонджу́ (кор. 청주시?, 淸州市?, Чхонджу-си) — город в провинции Чхунчхон-Пукто, Южная Корея. Город является столицей провинции.



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