Ansan (Hangeul: 안산, Korean pronunciation:[an.san]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies southwest of Seoul and is part of the Seoul National Capital Area. It is connected to Seoul by rail via Seoul Subway Line 4. It is situated on the Yellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island.
Specific city in Sudogwon, South Korea
For other uses, see Ansan (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2009)
Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan. They include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University. The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency, has also been headquartered in Ansan since June 3, 2002.[2][3] With its high number of foreign workers, Wongokbon-dong has been designated as a multicultural area.[4] In 2021, Ansan was selected as the largest residential area for foreigners and it is seeking designation as a special multicultural city.[5] Street play festival is held every year in Ansan.
History
Ancient Era
The first humans in Ansan were in the New Stone Age, and many shell middens and prehistoric remains were found at Oido, Sihwaho, Chojidong and Daebudo.[6][7] In the Seonbu-dong and Wolpi-dong area, over 10 stone dolmen tombs could be found.[8]:28 Also in 1995, Old Stone Age relics were found while constructing the Seohaean Expressway.[9][10] Most dolmens in Ansan are north dolmen, but the dolmen in Seonbu-dong is table-shaped and another table-shaped tomb was found in Hakon-dong, Gwangmyeong. There are many ancient relics found in the city.[11][12]
Three Kingdoms and Goryeo Era
Not much evidence or antiquities survive from the Proto-Three Kingdoms and Samhan periods are in Ansan and nearby areas.[8]:29 The Mahan confederacy in Chen Shou in Records of the Three Kingdoms preserves writings about the chiefdom state.[11][13] Ansan was in communion with Baekje but very little has been saved.
In the Later Three Kingdoms era, the Ansan area was owned by Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo, "Later Goguryeo") in Silla Hyogong's 4th year (AD 900).[8]:31 After then, Gung Ye, who was the ruler of Taebong, was overthrown by Wang Geon, and the Ansan area was turned over to Goryeo, founded by Wang Geon. First, the Gung Ye Ganggu-gun was changed to Ansan-gun but the state of the military was preserved.
Joseon Era
Ansan belonged to Gyeonggijwa-do (left Gyeonggi province) in the Joseon dynasty. Taejo's 5th year (AD 1396), Ansan-eoso (meaning Ansan fishery) that is now under the direct control of a detached building of Saongwon (the Department of foods and meals in the Joseon dynasty) was set up.[8]:32 After Gyeonggijwa-do and Gyeonggiwo-do (right Gyeonggi province) were unified in Teajong's 2nd year (AD 1402), Ansan was still called Ansan. Under Teajong's 13th (1413), the whole country was detached into eight provinces.
Modern Era
Until 1914, Ansan City and the southern part of today's Siheung city consisted of Ansan County. In 1914, Ansan County was annexed to Siheung County. This region produced high-quality salt from ancient times and valuable marine products. Ansan was then a fishing village.[14]
In 1986, several towns of Hwaseong county became incorporated, representing the beginning of Ansan as a city. With currently over 700,000 residents, Ansan now has two distinct and separate districts:[15] Danwon, which has 12 dongs as of 2009, and Sangnok, with 13.
Geography
Ansan is located in the southwest of Gyeonggi Province and is situated on the coast of the Yellow Sea (locally called West Sea), at 37°19′N126°50′E. Portions of various Yellow Sea islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island, also known as "Daebudo".
Ansan CanalAnsancheon StreamBlossoms near Ansan CanalAnsan Downtown at Night
Located at the south of the city (but within its jurisdiction) are islands of Daebudo[16] and Pungdo.[17] On land, the city boundaries is marked by the town of Gunpo to the east of Ansan, Anyang to north-east, Siheung to the north and Hwaseong to the south.
Climate
Ansan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers.
Climate data for Ansan (1991–2020 normals)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
2.3 (36.1)
5.2 (41.4)
11.1 (52.0)
17.8 (64.0)
23.4 (74.1)
27.4 (81.3)
29.4 (84.9)
30.6 (87.1)
26.6 (79.9)
20.4 (68.7)
12.4 (54.3)
4.5 (40.1)
17.6 (63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−3.3 (26.1)
−0.6 (30.9)
4.7 (40.5)
11.0 (51.8)
16.6 (61.9)
21.4 (70.5)
24.8 (76.6)
25.5 (77.9)
20.6 (69.1)
13.5 (56.3)
6.2 (43.2)
−0.9 (30.4)
11.6 (52.9)
Average low °C (°F)
−9.0 (15.8)
−6.4 (20.5)
−1.4 (29.5)
4.6 (40.3)
10.6 (51.1)
16.2 (61.2)
21.1 (70.0)
21.6 (70.9)
15.5 (59.9)
7.3 (45.1)
0.5 (32.9)
−6.4 (20.5)
6.2 (43.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
15.1 (0.59)
25.6 (1.01)
35.7 (1.41)
67.5 (2.66)
76.4 (3.01)
100.7 (3.96)
321.7 (12.67)
225.9 (8.89)
124.9 (4.92)
47.3 (1.86)
44.0 (1.73)
19.0 (0.75)
1,103.8 (43.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
3.4
3.8
5.1
6.3
6.7
7.3
12.8
11.2
7.1
4.9
7.0
5.4
81
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[18][19][20]
Transportation
Railway
The night of Ansan Stream
The Ansan Line is a major rail line in Ansan and is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway as Line 4. Service connects from Oido to Jinjeop in Namyangju. The subway is also connected to the public bus system in Ansan. Previously, the first railroad in the city was the Suin Line which was opened by Korea under Japanese rule.
In late 2019, The subway linking Suwon to Ansan is being prepared to open. Its name is Suinseon. This will expand the living space in Ansan.
(Hwaseong) ← Sari — Hanyang Univ. at Ansan — Jungang — Gojan — Choji — Ansan — Singiloncheon → (Siheung)
Future expansion
Currently, Seohae Line starts from Ansan to Sosa Station in Bhcheon. But the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is extended to Goyang through Gimpo International Airport Station. It will completed by 2023.[21]
The Shin Ansan Line will connect Yeouido to Ansan in 2024. It will take only 30 minutes from Yeouido to Ansan[22][23] Also, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is considering to extend to Seoul Station.[24]
Future Shin Ansan Line
Hanyang University — Ansan City Hall — Jungang — Seongpo — Jangha — Mokgam → (Gwangmyeong) → (Seoul)
Bus
Ansan Bus Terminal
The Ansan Bus Terminal (안산종합버스터미널) near Ansan Station provides daily bus service to Incheon International Airport and most cities in South Korea including Gimhae-si, Busan-si. Buses travel via Gimpo International Airport and Incheon International Airport. Express buses to Iksan, Dongdaegu, and Gwangju are also available.[25] Near Sangnoksu Station are buses going to Suwon Station and Gangnam Station. Ansan has 53 bus lines with 537 buses operating in and out of the city limits, connecting the city with Seoul and other outlying Gyeonggi cities. The Ansan transfer center also has express city buses, city buses, and intercity buses to link to Banwol industrial estate, Sihwa lake, and nearby cities.
Pedalro
Pedalro is a public bicycle system in Ansan City. There are 101 Pedalro stations in Ansan. This is run on a membership basis.[26]
Public institutions
The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency in South Korea, is headquartered in Ansan.[2] Other major institutions in Ansan include:
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology
Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gyeonggi Province Technology Ansan Center
Korea Testing Laboratory, Ansan Center
Administrative districts
The administrative district of Ansan is parted into 25 Dong, 1187 Tong, and 5884 Ban. The extent of Ansan is 149.06km2 (Sangnok-gu: 57.83km2 Danwon-gu: 91.23km2).[27] The population standard was 281,829 households and 761,279 people at the end of 2012, of which the Korean citizen population was 715,108 with 43,465 foreigners recorded.[28]
Larger map of the Ansan-si districts. Danwon-gu district covers the west mainland part and stretches to the sea to cover Daebudo and Pungdo islands.Ansan is composed of two districts: Sangnok-gu in the east and Danwon-gu in the west.
Borough
Administrative Dong
Hangul(Korean)
Chinese character
extent
household
population
Sangnok-gu 상록구 常綠區
Il-dong
일동
一洞
2.41
11,215
27,580
I-dong
이동
二洞
2.44
13,884
30,395
Sa 1-dong
사1동
四洞
2.36
16,749
39,594
Sa 2-dong
사2동
3.65
12,740
36,395
Sa 3-dong
사3동
3.68
7,147
20,835
Bono-dong
본오동
本五洞
6.45
17,589
43,811
Bono-2 dong
본오2동
0.82
12,300
33,038
Bono-3 dong
본오3동
1.1
9,992
25,268
Bugok-dong
부곡동
釜谷洞
6.22
8,832
22,775
Wolpi-dong
월피동
月陂洞
5.54
17,394
46,734
Seongpo-dong
성포동
聲浦洞
1.7
9,767
30,250
Banwol-dong
반월동
半月洞
13.16
8,077
21,122
Ansan-dong
안산동
安山洞
8.36
3,842
10,026
Danwon-gu 단원구 檀園區
Wadong
와동
瓦洞
3.23
19,372
46,755
Gojan-1 dong
고잔1동
古棧洞
1.75
9,282
24,548
Gojan-2 dong
고잔2동
1.87
9,650
25,465
Hosu dong
호수동
湖水洞
2.48
14,723
45,093
Wongokbon-dong
원곡본동
元谷洞
8.12
14,884
49,007
Wongok-1 dong
원곡1동
0.95
4,399
16,034
Wongok-2 dong
원곡2동
0.56
5,323
17,058
Choji-dong
초지동
草芝洞
21.16
17,720
55,351
Seonbu-1 dong
선부1동
仙府洞
0.86
7,544
20,179
Seonbu-2 dong
선부2동
2.07
11,619
27,390
Seonbu-3 dong
선부3동
5.81
13,774
37,439
Dea-bu dong
대부동
大阜洞
42.37
3,614
7,384
Education
Ansan had Hyanggyo, nationally sponsored schools, throughout the Joseon Dynasty and Goryeo. Modern institutions of higher learning located in Ansan include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University.
There are 24 high schools, 29 middle schools, 54 elementary schools and 96 kindergartens in the city.[33] Danwon High School in Ansan was particularly affected by the Sinking of the MV Sewol in 2014 as a large number of the passengers were students from the school, and city streets featured many ribbon memorials and other markers and ceremonies for the disaster.[34] Ansan Seo Elementary School a.k.a. Ansan West Elementary School (안산서초등학교) in Wongok-dong has a multicultural program with students from other countries, a rarity in South Korean education.[35]
Economy
Because Ansan is a planned city built behind the Ansan Smart Hub following the government's industrial planning, the proportion of agriculture in the Ansan economy is very low. Meanwhile, as the government promoted a manufacturing industry plan in the Ansan area before Ansan was built, many people work in the manufacturing industry. There are two national industrial complexes, Banwol and Sihwa, as well as the local Banwol plating industrial complex.[36][37][38]
Cultural institutions and heritage
In the past, Ansan had fewer attractions and a poor reputation due to its industrial and fishing roots, but the east side of the city has recently experienced several beautification projects. The canal systems which bisect the city have bicycling and walking paths, and are covered with roses, tulips, and cherry blossoms in spring. A community bicycle system sponsored by the city is also available for park access and riding. Nowadays, Ansan has many museums and galleries, such as the Ansan Culture and Arts Center, Seongho Memorial Hall, Danwon Sculpture Park, and Hwarang Public Garden. Ansan has run city bus tours for cultural heritage sightseeing since 2008.[39][40][41][42][43]
Walking path along Ansan Canal in Summer
Events
The Jet-mer-ri village deity is held every year in the Jet-mer-ri shrine to the village deity from 1984, and since 1987 the Beal-Mang-Sung art festival is held. Also, since 1991 the Danwon art festival and since 1996 the Sung-ho cultural festival is held. The Ansan Street Arts Festival is held in Ansan Culture Square in May since 2005.
Other festivals in Ansan include:
Ansan Kim Hong-do Festival (September)
Ansan Daebu Island: The scent of ocean tulip festival (April)
Ansan Street Arts Festival (May)
Ansan Valley Rock Festival (July)
Byeolmangseong Art Festival (September)
Seongho Cultural Festival (May)
Historical monuments and structures
Historical monuments and structures in Ansan include:
Ansan canal through treesAnsan Canal, South KoreaAnsan Dutch Garden Roses
Sports
Large and small stadiums have been founded from the 1990s on in Ansan.[97] Major sports events in the city take place at the Ansan Wa~ Stadium.[98][99]
The city was home to Shinhan Bank S-Bird Woman's Basketball Team (member of the Women's Korean Basketball League).[100] The team moved to Incheon in 2014.[101] It was also a home to the now-defunct National League soccer club Ansan Hallelujah.
Ansan is also home to Ansan OK Financial Group Okman volleyball club. They are members of the V-League.[102]
Ansan established a professional football team called the Ansan Greeners FC.[103] In first year, the team also received the 'Plus Stadium'[104] award and the "Full Stadium" award.[105] At present (April 10, 2018), the Ansan Grinders FC has placed second.[106]
Television series and films
The pension complex on Daebu Island is used as a location for dramas such as Boys Over Flowers and A Man Called God.[107]
Ansan; Hanyang University (2002). 안산시의 역사와 문화유적. 한양대학교 문화재연구소총서. Institute Of Cultural Properties, Hanyang University. 4. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
안산시 및 한양대학교 (2002년), 28쪽
단국대학교 중앙박물관 (1995년), 〈구석기 유적 조사 보고〉, 《서해안 고속도로 건설구간(안산-안중 간) 유적 발굴조사 보고서(2)》에서.
안산시 및 한양대학교 (2002년), 29쪽.
한양대학교 박물관 (1997년), 《광명 가학동 지석묘 발굴조사보고》에서.
이병도 (1959년), 《한국사 - 고대편》에서.
Shin(신), Chong-il(정일) (2004). 다시 쓰는 택리지 [Rewirted T'aengniji] (1-p'an.ed.). Sŏul-si: Humanist. ISBN9788989899808.
Provisional changes including Guri city and 11 cities and counties and permission of modification naming Naju.(1985.12.28.) from Constitution of the Republic of Korea
"신안산선 '여의도~서울역' 연장 본격화...사업타당성 조사 돌입"[The extension of "Yeouido-Seoul Station" on the Shinansan Line is in full swing...Business feasibility study begins] (in Korean). 11 May 2020.
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