Ostrov (Russian: О́стров, lit. island) is a town and the administrative center of Ostrovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Velikaya River, 55 kilometers (34mi) south of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 21,668(2010 Census);[2]25,078(2002 Census);[9]29,060(1989 Census);[10] 27,000 (1974).
The name of the town, which means "island" in Russian, originates from the island on the Velikaya, on which the Ostrov fortress was originally built.[11]
History
It was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned in 1342.[11] It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries.[11] The only time it was conquered was in 1501, by the Livonian Order after the Battle of the Siritsa River.[11]
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, it was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate.[12] In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established.[citation needed] Catherine the Great incorporated it as a town in 1777.[11]
Bolshaya Street in 1917
On August1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Ostrovsky District, with the administrative center in Ostrov, was established as a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[13] It included parts of former Ostrovsky, Opochetsky, and Pskovsky Uyezds.[14] On July23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] Between March22, 1935 and September19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of the restored Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast,[13] one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between July6, 1941 and July21, 1944, Ostrov was occupied by German troops.[11] An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.[13]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Ostrov serves as the administrative center of Ostrovsky District,[4] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Ostrov is incorporated within Ostrovsky Municipal District as Ostrov Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy
Industry
The economy of Ostrov is based on food, electronic, and textile industries (5.4%).[15]
Transportation
A railway from St.Petersburg via Pskov to Pytalovo and further to Rēzekne in Latvia passes Ostrov. In Latvia, it provides access to Riga and Vilnius (via Daugavpils). As of 2012, there was passenger traffic on the railway.
The M20 Highway, which connects St.Petersburg and Vitebsk via Pskov, passes Ostrov as well. Ostrov is the northern terminus of the European route E262, which proceeds to Kaunas via Rēzekne and Daugavpils. There are also road connections from Ostrov northwest to Pechory via Palkino, northeast to Porkhov, and southeast to Novorzhev, as well as local roads.
Military
The town was home to Ostrov air base, a major medium-range bomber base during the Cold War.
Culture and recreation
The St.Nicholas Church in Ostrov
The town possesses a Neoclassical cathedral from 1790 and a typical Pskovian church from 1543. Close at hand is a historical suspension bridge, opened in 1853 (winter view, summer view).
Ostrov hosts the Ostrov District Museum, the only museum in the district.[16]
References
Notes
Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Ostrov as a part of Ostrovsky District.
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии.№ОК 033-20131 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код58 633». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology.#OK 033-2013January1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code58 633. ).
"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
Псковское областное Собрание депутатов.Закон№833-озот5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies.Law#833-ozofFebruary5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Псковское областное Собрание депутатов.Закон№420-озот28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от5 июня 2015 г.«О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силусо дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies.Law#420-ozofFebruary28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law#1542-OZ ofJune5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as ofthe official publication date.).
Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) КнигаI. Лениздат, 1988.
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