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Kydzakar, also known as Berezniki (Komi-Permyak: Кыдззака́р, Russian: Березники́), is the second largest city in Perm Krai, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Kama River, in the Ural Mountains with a population of 137,091 as of 2021.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (July 2015) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,626 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Березники]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ru|Березники}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Berezniki Komi-Permyak: Кыдззакар Russian: Березники
City[1]
Berezniki City Administration building
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Berezniki
Berezniki Location of Berezniki Show map of Russia Berezniki Berezniki (Perm Krai) Show map of Perm Krai
Coordinates: 59°25′N 56°47′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Perm Krai[1]
Founded	1873[2]
City status since	1932[2]
Government
• Body	City Duma[3]
• Head	Konstanin Svetlakov
Elevation	130 m (430 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	156,466
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	143,072 (−8.6%)
• Rank	112th in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of krai significance of Berezniki[1]
• Capital of	city of krai significance of Berezniki[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Berezniki Urban Okrug[6]
• Capital of	Berezniki Urban Okrug[6]
Time zone	UTC+5 (MSK+2 [7])
Postal code(s)[8]	618400-618426
Dialing code(s)	+7 3424
OKTMO ID	57708000001
Website	admbrk.ru

Etymology

The name Berezniki is derived from a birch forest originally situated in the city's location.

History

The first Russian settlements in the city appeared in the 16th - 17th century on the basis of salt mines.

It was founded in 1873.[2] City status was granted to it in 1932[2] as its industry was rapidly expanding under Joseph Stalin.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of krai significance of Berezniki—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Berezniki is incorporated as Berezniki Urban Okrug.[6]

Economy

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the city's population dropped due to increased unemployment. Nevertheless, the city was able to keep its main industries on track. Large chemical plants such as titanium and sodium factories as well as several huge potassium, magnesium and potash mines are operational in Berezniki.

The potash mine, owned by Uralkali, was the basis of the fortune of Dmitry Rybolovlev who sold his interest in 2010 to Suleyman Kerimov. Mine supports in the huge underground mine, about 1,000 feet (~300 metres) beneath the city, consist of soluble salt which is being dissolved by water flooding into the mine. The city, a former Soviet-era labor camp, was built near the work site, over the mine. Several sinkholes, some huge, have opened within the city. The situation requires round-the-clock monitoring. The problem is believed to be limited to a small part of the mine which was not filled properly and is limited in its future impact, but the relocation of the city is under consideration.[9] The largest sinkhole, locally dubbed, "The Grandfather" by 2012, was 340 yards (~310 metres) wide, 430 yards (~390 metres) long, and 780 feet (~240 metres) deep.[9] When it opened in 2007[10] the hole was initially 80 m long, 40 m wide and 200 m deep.[11] The sinkhole was expected to expand, and destroy part of the only rail line which leads to and from the potash mines, and, being that Berezniki produces around 10% of the world's potash, this would lead global demand towards Canada, potentially damaging the local economy. Nobody was injured when the sinkhole appeared.

Culture

Berezniki has a theatre and a museum of regional history.

Every year from July 17 to the 20th the town celebrates its mosquitoes. They have music, dancing and a "most delicious girl" competition. In the competition, the girls stand for 20 minutes in their shorts and vests, and the one who receives the most bites wins.[12]

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1939	64,609	—
1959	106,119	+64.2%
1979	185,395	+74.7%
2000	181,900	−1.9%
2011	156,500	−14.0%
2015	148,955	−4.8%
2021	137,091	−8.0%
Source: 1939, 1959, 1979, 2000, 2011, 2015, 2021

The city was in 124th place out of 1115 cities of Russia in terms of population in 2019.

According to the 2010 census, Russians formed a majority in the city with a 90.87%, while Tatars (3.16%) were the largest minority, followed by Ukrainians (0.81%), Permian Komi (0.67%) and Germans (0.51%).[13]

Notable people

• Vasily Pavlovich Boryagin, Hero of Socialist Labor
• Dmitry Rybolovlev, Russian billionaire, controlled the leading Berezniki potash mines from 2000 — 2011
• Boris Yeltsin, Russia's first president, attended Pushkin High School in Berezniki

Transportation

Berezniki is served by the Berezniki Airport, which mainly serves helicopters. A railway station is closed since it is located in the sinkhole area and has been damaged beyond repair. In the city, public transport service is operated with trolleybuses.

Gallery

• 
  Trinity Church
• 
  Cinema Avangard
• 
  BTZ trolleybus and railway station in Berezniki
• 
  Trolza trolleybus in Berezniki
• 
  A sinkhole in Berezniki at the site of the first potash plant
• 
  Hospital of a factory

References

Sources

• Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №416-67 от 28 февраля 1996 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края», в ред. Закона №504-ПК от 9 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Пермской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края"». Вступил в силу с момента опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №38, 12 марта 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #416-67 of February 28, 1996 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai, as amended by the Law #504-PK of July 9, 2015 On Amending the Law of Perm Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai". Effective as of the moment of publication.).
• Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №1983-434 от 27 декабря 2004 г. «Об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального образования "Город Березники" Пермского края», в ред. Закона №499-ПК от 16 октября 2009 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пермской области и Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №217–218, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #1983-434 of December 27, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Berezniki" of Perm Krai, as amended by the Law #499-PK of October 16, 2009 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day which is ten days following the day of the official publication.).

Further reading

• "A Russian City Always on the Watch Against Being Sucked Into the Earth" article by Andrew E. Kramer in The New York Times April 10, 2012

External links

• Official website of Berezniki (in Russian)
• Berezniki Business Directory (in Russian)
• Pictures of Berezniki

На других языках

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[de] Beresniki

Beresniki (russisch Березники́) ist eine Stadt mit 156.466 Einwohnern (Stand 14. Oktober 2010)[1] an der Kama in der Region Perm in Russland, 278 km nördlich der Subjekthauptstadt Perm gelegen. Sie ist gemessen an der Bevölkerungszahl die zweitgrößte Stadt der Region Perm.

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- [en] Berezniki

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[es] Bereznikí

Bereznikí (en ruso: Березники) es una ciudad en el krai de Perm (Rusia), a orillas del río Kama y sobre los montes Urales. Es la segunda ciudad más grande del krai. El nombre Bereznikí deriva de un bosque de abedules que estaba originalmente situado en el emplazamiento de la ciudad.

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[ru] Березники

Березники́ — второй по величине город Пермского края. Население — 138 069[5] чел. (2021).

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