Babol (Persian: بابل, pronunciation (help·info), known as "Orange Blossom City" , also Romanized as Bābol; formerly known as Barfrouch) is the capital of Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Babol is divided into two metropolitan areas (under Iranian law). At the 2012 census, its population was 219,467, in 66,944 families.[2]

Babol بابل
City
Babol
Coordinates: 36°33′05″N 52°40′44″E
Country	Iran
Province	Mazandaran
County	Babol
District	Central
Government
• Mayor	Mohsen Kaboud Firouzjaie
Area
• City	32 km2 (12 sq mi)
Elevation	−2 up to 50 m (−6 to 150 ft)
Population  (2016 Census)
• Urban	250,217 [1]
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Postal Code	48xxx-xxxxx
Area code	011
Vehicle Plate	IRAN ج72 , ج82 , ص82
Website	www.babolcity.ir

Babol is located in the north of Iran, north-east of Tehran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The city is one of the most important cities in the north of Iran, known as a regional center for education, trade, industry, and medical services.

Babol is a new name for the site of the ancient city of Mamatir, that then was named as Barforush. The city receives abundant rainfall. It is famous for its orange groves.[3]

History and name

Founded by the Safavids in the 16th century, it was built on the site of the ancient city of Mamtir (deriving from "Mah Mithra" "great Mithra). Mithra or 'The Mediator' was believed to be the savior of creation from the threat of darkness and the one who stands between the light of Ahura Mazda and the darkness of Ahriman. Babol was formerly called Barforushdeh (meaning Market Town) and Barforush afterwards. In 1931, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty Reza Shah (1878-1944) ordered urban planning efforts to commence in the city and changed its name to Babol, which means city with abundant water supply.[4]

Geography and climate

The city is located approximately 20 kilometers south of the Caspian Sea on the west bank of Babolrud River and receives abundant annual rainfall. Babol borders Babolsar and Fereydunkenar to the north, Qaem Shahr and Shirgah District to the east, Savadkuh to the southeast, Firuzkuh to the South and Amol to the west. Babol University is famous for its spectacular scenery.

The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf)[5]

Population

In 2012 population census of the city, the population was 219,467 people (79,837 households) and a population of 495,472 people in the located in the city.^{[citation needed]}

Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarni.[6] Their origin goes back to the Tapuri people, who were forced to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.[7][8][9]

The native people of Sari, Shahi, babol, Amol, Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon are Mazandarani people and speak the Mazandarani language.[10]

Landmarks

The ruins of Shah Abbas I's palace are located in the city. Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge is also one of the most ancient buildings of Mazandaran. It was built by the king Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, the ancestor of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar as the main road from Babol to Amol. Now it is known as the old road of Babol to Amol. Babol also contains Babol Noshirvani Park, the largest park including a playground located in the northern part of Iran, located in the vicinity of Caspian Sea. Babol is home to many important and intact forests and jungles, such as, Shiadeh, in south-east Babol.

Filband, a village near the northern Iranian city of Babol, is famous for its skies which are full of interconnected cumulus clouds, especially in springtime.[11]

Historical and natural attractions

• Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge
• Babol Royal Palace
• Babol Museum
• Emamzadeh Ghasem
• Kazem Beik Mosque
• Watchtower
• Babol Jameh Mosque
• Mohaddesin Mosque
• Tekyeh Moghri Kola
• Sultan Mohammad Taher Tomb Tower
• Darvish Fakhr Al-Din Tomb
• Post Building
• Head University of Medical Sciences
• Ibn Shahr Ashub Tomb
• Sarast Tower
• Darvish Alam-bazi Tower
• Hasirforoshan Mosque
• Azroud Thermal Spring
• Babolroud
• Babolkenar Forest Park
• Historic homes Qajansb
• Aghajan Nasab House
• Osia House
• Najafi Mansion
• Sheikh Mousa Yaylak and Waterfall
• Kimoun Waterfall
• Shiadeh Dam
• Saghanefar Kija Tekyeh
• Porang High School
• Shiadeh Saghanefar
• Abuol Hasan Kola Saghanefar
• Mulana Mosque
• Tirkan Waterfall
• Haft Waterfall
• Filband Village
• Bandpey Village
• Pir Alam Tekyeh
• Moftakher ul-Mamalek Caravanserai
• Sadr Hawza
• Chahar Suq Mosque
• Lafoor Jungle
• Bagh-e Ferdows
• Noshirvani Park

Economy

Commerce and trading are the backbone of the city's economy since it is the largest commercial center for Mazandaran province, partially due to its location at the center of the province and also the large population of villages around the city, making Babol county the most populated county in the province. Babol produces food and textiles — as well as other processed goods, including oranges, lemons, and tangerines. There are many rice farms around the city, and, until about 20 years ago, tea, tobacco, and cotton were processed.

Transportation

Almost all of the city transportation is by car, buses and other road vehicles. Thus, Babol is highly dependent on the regional highway network which connects the city to Babolsar 10 km north, Amol 30 km west and Qaemshahr 15 km east. These are all new wide highways.

Babol has access to an airport 55 km away and to a train station 15 km away.

The ports of Fereydunkenar and Babolsar are both located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea with connection to other Caspian ports.

Colleges and universities

As the largest commercial center, the city of Babol also hosts large number of universities province. Universities include:

• Babol Noshirvani University of Technology The university is an influential center for academic research in Iran, due to which it has been consistently ranked among the top schools in the country. BNUT is currently ranked 1st among all Iranian universities according to Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings. THE has also ranked BNUT between 351st and 400th among world universities, 55th among the world's young universities, as well as 43rd among Asian universities.[12]
• Babol University of Medical Sciences
• Mazandaran University of Science and Technology
• Educators University - Education Center Martyr Rajai Babol
• PNU - Babol Center
• PNU - Bandpey Unit
• Islamic Azad University - Babol Unit
• University of Applied Science - Babol Unit
• Babol Vocational College of Imam Sadiq
• Mazandaran Institute of Technology
• Rahedanesh Institute of Higher Education
• Tabari Institute of Higher Education
• Aryan Institute of Science and Technology
• Institute of Applied Science of Art and Culture - Unit 4 Of Babol
• Institute of Applied Science Technology Jahad Daneshgahi
• Institute of Applied Science -Unit Of Western Bandpey
• Vocational College of Sama - Babol Unit
• Vocational College of AzZahra - Babol Unit

Health centers and hotels

• Negin Hotel
• Reza Hotel
• Marjan Hotel
• Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital
• Babol Clinic
• Shahid Beheshti Hospital
• Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital
• Yahya Nejad Hospital
• 17 Shahrivar Hospital
• Mehregan Hospital

Industry

Major corporations

• Iran Khodro Mazandaran
• Babol Machine Mfg. & Ind
• MSco
• Khazar Khodro Babol.Co

Sports

Babol is home to the Iranian Basketball Super League team BEEM Mazandaran BC which plays in the city's Shahid Sojoodi Arena. BEEM also had a popular volleyball team in the Iranian Super League in 2008–2009. Now Babol have a 2 Team in wrestling, Bime Razi and Arash Zin. They have a popular football club, Khooneh Be Khooneh. Khooneh Be Khooneh play in the 1st division (after Premier League) in the Iranian system football. Babol was the host of Freestyle Wrestling Club World Cup in December 2018.

Notable people

Emam-Ali Habibi

Davoud Rashidi

Delkash

Mirza Shafi Mazandarani

Bashir Babajanzadeh

Alireza Firouzja

Mokarrameh Ghanbari

Morteza Pouraliganji

Parinaz Izadyar

Hadi Norouzi

• Amir Pazevari (17th century) - poet
• Muhammad Ashrafi (1804-1898) - Shia Marja'
• Mohammad-Ali Barfrushi (1820–1849) - Babi leader
• Hossein Fallah Noshirvani (1902–1972) - philanthropist
• Delkash (1924–2004) - singer
• Afshin (born 1978) - singer
• Sheikh Mohammad Haeri Mazandarani (1960) - religious
• Zeinolabedin Haeri Mazandarani (1919–1996) - religious
• Shahrokh Meskoob (1924–2005) - writer
• Davoud Rashidi (1933–2016) - actor
• Tal'at Basari (born 1925) - feminist writer
• Mokarrameh Ghanbari (1928–2005) - painter
• Ahmad Ghahreman (1928–2008) - botanist
• Emam-Ali Habibi (born 1931) - wrestler
• Hamid Reza Chitgar (1949–1987) - politician
• Bijan Mortazavi (born 1957) - singer and musician
• Towhidi Tabari (born 1964) - artist
• Zeinolabedin Rahnama (1893–1989) - writer
• Reza Salehi Amiri (born 1962) - politician
• Masoud Hedayatifard (born 1971) - scholar in fishery science
• Masih Alinejad (born 1976) - writer and journalist
• Sohrab Entezari (born 1977) - football player
• Ali Asghar Mazandarani (1826–1911) - cleric
• Farhad Rachidi (born 1962) - scientist
• Karim Motamedi (born 1929) - minister
• Hassan Ghashghavi (born 1957) - ambassador
• Hassan Anousheh (born 1945) - writer
• Arya Aramnejad (born 1983) - singer
• Leyli Rashidi (born 1973) - actress
• Maryam Kavyani (born 1970) - actress
• Maziar (1952–1997) - singer
• Morteza Pouraliganji (born 1992) - football player
• Mehdi Kheiri (born 1983) - football player
• Hadi Norouzi (1985–2015) - football player
• Bashir Babajanzadeh (born 1989) - wrestler
• Parinaz Izadyar (born 1985)- actress
• Sousan Hajipour (born 1990) - taekwondo practitioner
• Noshad Alamian (born 1991) - table tennis player
• Nima Alamian (born 1992) - table tennis player
• Mojtaba Mirzajanpour (born 1991) volleyball player
• Alireza Firouzja (born 2003) - chess player
• Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian (born 1981) - film director
• Parviz Bahram (1933–2019) - dubber

See also

• Babolsar
• Babol Rud

References

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Barfurush".

• Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
• Views of Noshirvani Park

На других языках

[ru] Баболь