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Rottweil (German: [ˈʁɔtvaɪl] (listen); Alemannic: Rautweil) is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rottweil was a free imperial city for nearly 600 years.

Rottweil
Town
Main street
Coat of arms
Location of Rottweil within Rottweil district
Rottweil Show map of Germany Rottweil Show map of Baden-Württemberg
Coordinates: 48°10′5″N 8°37′29″E
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
District	Rottweil
Government
• Lord mayor (2017–25)	Ralf Broß[1] (Ind.)
Area
• Total	71.76 km2 (27.71 sq mi)
Highest elevation	609 m (1,998 ft)
Lowest elevation	557 m (1,827 ft)
Population  (2020-12-31)[2]
• Total	24,975
• Density	350/km2 (900/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	78628, 78652 (Unterrotenstein)
Dialling codes	0741, 07427 (Neukirch)
Vehicle registration	RW
Website	www.rottweil.de

Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has nearly 25,000 inhabitants as of 2020. The town is famous for its medieval center and for its traditional carnival (called "Fasnet" in the local Swabian dialect). It is the oldest town in Baden-Württemberg,[3] and its appearance has changed very little since the 16th century.

The town gives its name to the Rottweiler dog breed.

History

Imperial City of Rottweil Reichsstadt Rottweil
1140–1802
Status	Free imperial city
Capital	Rottweil
Government	Republic
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Founded	AD 73
• Gained Imp. immediacy	1140
• Treaty with Swiss	1463
• Swiss associate	1519
• Mediatised to Württemberg	1802
Preceded by Succeeded by Duchy of Swabia Duchy of Württemberg

Imperial Abbey of Rottenmünster Reichskloster Rottenmünster
1237–1802
Status	Imperial abbey
Capital	Rottenmünster
Government	Imperial abbey
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Founded	9 May 2018
• Gained Imp. immediacy	1237
• Razed by Württemberg in Thirty Years' War	1643
• Mediatised to Württemberg	23 November 1802
• Abbey abandoned	1850
Preceded by Succeeded by Imperial City of Rottweil Duchy of Württemberg

Rottweil was founded by the Romans in AD 73 as Arae Flaviae and became a municipium, but there are traces of human settlement going back to 2000 BC. Roman baths and an Orpheus mosaic of c. AD 180 date from the time of Roman settlement. The present town became a ducal and a royal court before 771 and in 1268 it became a free imperial city.

In 1463 Rottweil joined the Swiss Confederacy under the pretence of a temporary alliance. In 1476 the Rottweilers fought on the Swiss side against Charles the Bold in the Battle of Morat. In 1512, Pope Julius II gave the city a valuable "Julius banner" for its services in the 1508–1510 "Great Pavier Campaign" to expel the French.[4] In 1519, the Rottweilers left the old Swiss alliance. They joined a new one in which their membership was extended indefinitely – the so-called "Eternal Covenant".

Rottweil thus became a centre of the Swiss Confederation. The relations between the Swiss Confederation and Rottweil cooled rapidly during the Protestant Reformation. When Rottweil was troubled by wars, however, it still asked the Confederates for help.[5]

In the Rottweil Witch Hunts from 1546 to 1661, 266 so-called witches, wizards and magicians were executed in the imperial city of Rottweil. On April 15, 2015, they were given a posthumous pardon. An official apology was given by the City Council about 400 years after their violent deaths.[6]

Rottweil lost both its status as free city and its alliance with the Swiss Confederacy with the conquest of the region by Napoleon in 1803.

Lord mayors since the 19th century

• 1820–1833: Max Joseph von Khuon, Schultheiß
• 1833–1845: Max Teufel
• 1845–1848: Karl Dinkelmann
• 1848–1851: Kaspar Rapp
• 1852–1887: Johann Baptist Marx
• 1887–1923: Edwin Glückher
• 1924–1943: Josef Abrell
• 1943–1944: Otto Mann
• 1944–1945: Paul Fritz
• 1945–1946: Franz Mederle
• 1946–1965: Arnulf Gutknecht
• 1965–1985: Ulrich Regelmann, mayor; from 1970 Lord Mayor
• 1985–2001: Michael Arnold
• 2001–2009: Thomas Engeser
• 2009–present: Ralf Broß[7][8][9]

Economy

During the Middle Ages, Rottweil used to be a flourishing imperial city with great economic and cultural influence.[10] In 1868, Rottweil was connected to Stuttgart by rail, which boosted the economy of the region.[10]

Today, most companies in Rottweil are either small or medium sized.[11] A trading and shopping town with a high level of innovation that benefits from its well developed educational and transport infrastructure, Rottweil has many industrial companies and a steadily growing proportion of knowledge-intensive service jobs.[11]

At 7.9%, Rottweil has one of the highest academic rates in the region.[11]

Media

Local events in Rottweil are reported in the daily newspaper Schwarzwälder Bote, the Stadtanzeiger, online and once a week in the print edition Neue Rottweiler Zeitung [de], the TV station Regio TV Bodensee [de] and the local radio station antenne 1 Neckarburg Rock & Pop [de], which is based in the district.

Notable former companies

• Moker
• KB Uhren Rottweil [de]
• Peter-Uhren[12]
• Rhodia
• Pulverfabrik Rottweil [de]
• Brauerei Pflug[13]

Infrastructure

Road traffic

By car, Rottweil can be reached via the Bundesautobahn 81 Stuttgart-Singen, exit Rottweil. The city lies on the Bundesautobahn 27 between Schaffhausen and Stuttgart, on the Bundesautobahn 14, which runs from Stockach on Lake Constance via Tuttlingen to Rottweil and on via Horb am Neckar to Stuttgart, and on the Bundesstraße 462 from Rottweil through the Black Forest to Freudenstadt and Rastatt.

Bicycle traffic

Rottweil is located on the Neckartal-Radweg [de] along the Neckar River via Horb, Tübingen, Stuttgart, Heilbronn and Heidelberg to Mannheim.

Air traffic

In the neighboring village of Zepfenhan, about 12 km (7.5 mi) away, is the Flugplatz Rottweil-Zepfenhan [de], which can be approached by small aircraft. The nearest commercial airports are Stuttgart Airport and Zurich Airport.

Education

Rottweil has three Gymnasien (Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium, Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium, Leibniz-Gymnasium), one Realschule, one Förderschule (Achert-Schule), three Grundschulen (Eichendorff-Grundschule, Grundschule Neufra and Grundschule Neukirch), and four Hauptschulen (GHS Göllsdorf, Johanniter-Grund- und Hauptschule, Konrad-Witz-Grund- und Hauptschule and Römer-Grund- und Hauptschule).

Main sights

• The late-Romanesque and Gothic–era Münster Heiliges Kreuz ("Minster of the Holy Cross"), built over a pre-existing church from 1270. It features a crucifix by Veit Stoss and noteworthy Gothic sculptures.
• Kapellenkirche (1330–1340), a Gothic church with a tower and with three statue-decorated portals.
• Lorenzkapelle ("Church of St. Lawrence", 16th century) in late Gothic style. It houses some two hundred works by Swabian masters and Gothic altarpieces from the 14th and 15th centuries.
• The town's museum, including a notable Roman mosaic with the legend of Orpheus.
• The late-Gothic town hall (1521).
• St. Pelagius, a Romanesque church from the 12th century. Excavations have brought to light Roman baths on the same site.
• Dominican Museum of Rottweil – local branch of the Landesmuseum Württemberg
• As of 2015, ThyssenKrupp was constructing a $45 million, 807-foot (246 m) tower, the Rottweil Test Tower. The tower is a research facility for the company and is to be used to test new elevator cars and technologies. When the tower was completed in 2017, it was the tallest elevator test tower in the world.[14][15] The windowless building is to have 12 elevator shafts.[16]

Twin towns – sister cities

Rottweil is twinned with:[17]

• L'Aquila, Italy
• Brugg, Switzerland
• Hyères, France
• Imst, Austria

Notable people

• Konrad Witz (1400/10–1445/46), painter
• Adam of Rottweil, 15th-century scholar and printer
• Franz Xavier Wernz (1842–1914), Superior General of the Society of Jesus
• Erwin Teufel (born 1939), politician (CDU), former minister president of Baden-Württemberg
• Rüdiger Safranski (born 1945), writer and literary scholar
• Matthias Hölle (born 1951), opera bass
• Anne Haigis (born 1955), musician and singer
• Wolfgang Stryi (1957–2005), jazz musician
• Andreas Schwab (born 1973), politician (CDU) and member of the European Parliament
• Johannes Erath (born 1975), opera director
• Christoph Burkard (born 1983), Paralympic swimmer
• Maximiliane Rall (born 1993), footballer
• Joshua Kimmich (born 1995), footballer

Trivia

• The Rottweiler dog breed is named after this town; it used to be a butcher's dog in the region.[18]
• "Das Mädchen aus Rottweil" is a song by the German band Die Toten Hosen.[19]

Gallery

• 
• 
  Depiction of St. Veronica's sudarium over the portal of the Minster of the Holy Cross
• 
  A statue for Rottweiler dogs in Rottweil
• 
  Rottweiler "Fasnet"
• 
  Rottweil Test Tower
• 
  Rottweil station with ThyssenKrupp Test Tower in the background

See also

• Rottweil (district)
• Synagoge Rottweil

References

External links

• Official website (in German)
• Feast of Fools: Medieval Carnival Celebrations in Rottweil
• History and territory of the former Reichsstadt Rottweil
• Pictures of and stories about Rottweil

На других языках

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[de] Rottweil

Rottweil, die älteste Stadt Baden-Württembergs, liegt etwa 80 Kilometer südwestlich von Stuttgart. Sie ist die Kreisstadt und größte Stadt des gleichnamigen Landkreises sowie ein Mittelzentrum für die umliegenden Gemeinden. Rottweil ist seit dem 1. Juni 1970 eine Große Kreisstadt. Mit den Gemeinden Deißlingen, Dietingen, Wellendingen und Zimmern hat die Stadt eine Verwaltungsgemeinschaft vereinbart.

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- [en] Rottweil

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[es] Rottweil

Rottweil es una ciudad de Alemania perteneciente al estado federado de Baden-Wurtemberg. Rottweil está ubicada entre la Selva Negra y la Jura de Suabia. El río Neckar pasa por la ciudad.

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[ru] Ротвайль

Ротвайль (нем. Rottweil [ˈʁɔtvα:il] слушать, алем. нем. Rottweil, Rautweil, лат. Rottovilla, Rotevilla, Arae Flaviae) — небольшой исторический город в земле Баден-Вюртемберг, на юго-западе Германии. Его население по данным на 31 марта 2006 года составляет 25 961 человек, площадь — 71,76 км².

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