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Železná Ruda (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒɛlɛznaː ˈruda], German: Markt Eisenstein) is a town in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,600 inhabitants. It is located in the Bohemian Forest, close to the border with Bavaria and the German town Bayerisch Eisenstein. It is one of the important sports and tourism centres of the Bohemian Forest.

Železná Ruda
Town
Aerial view
Flag
Coat of arms
Železná Ruda
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°8′28″N 13°13′48″E
Country Czech Republic
RegionPlzeň
DistrictKlatovy
First mentioned1569
Government
 • MayorFilip Smola (ČSSD)
Area
 • Total79.76 km2 (30.80 sq mi)
Elevation
820 m (2,690 ft)
Population
 (2021-01-01)[1]
 • Total1,631
 • Density20/km2 (53/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
340 04
Websitewww.zelezna-ruda.cz

Administrative parts


Villages of Alžbětín, Debrník, Hojsova Stráž, Pancíř and Špičák are administrative parts of Železná Ruda.


Etymology


The town's name literally means "iron ore". It refers to rich deposits of iron ore that were found and mined here.[2] The German name of the town comes from the Middle Ages, when it was a market town.


Geography


Lake Černé jezero
Lake Černé jezero

Železná Ruda lies in a wild mountainous terrain. The town is surrounded with thick coniferous woods. The highest peak in the municipal territory is Jezerní hora with an elevation of 1,344 metres (4,409 ft). Černé jezero , the largest natural lake in the country and Čertovo jezero, the third largest lake, are located in the area of Železný Brod.


Climate


The climate is cool and wet humid continental hemiboreal (Dfb) with moderately cold, long winters and cool summers. Average July temperature is 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) and average January temperature is −4.2 °C (24.4 °F). Yearly average is 5.7 °C (42.3 °F) and there is some 967 mm of precipitation.

Climate data for Markt Eisenstein – Železná Ruda
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −1.2
(29.8)		 0.1
(32.2)		 5.2
(41.4)		 10.3
(50.5)		 15.3
(59.5)		 18.6
(65.5)		 20.3
(68.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.7
(51.3)		 4.0
(39.2)		 0.2
(32.4)		 10.0
(50.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 0.9
(33.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 10.0
(50.0)		 13.4
(56.1)		 15.1
(59.2)		 14.6
(58.3)		 11.3
(52.3)		 6.4
(43.5)		 1.2
(34.2)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 5.7
(42.3)
Average low °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0)		 −6.9
(19.6)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 0.3
(32.5)		 4.7
(40.5)		 8.2
(46.8)		 9.9
(49.8)		 9.5
(49.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 1.4
(34.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 85
(3.3)		 60
(2.4)		 70
(2.8)		 59
(2.3)		 86
(3.4)		 96
(3.8)		 111
(4.4)		 101
(4.0)		 80
(3.1)		 64
(2.5)		 64
(2.5)		 91
(3.6)		 967
(38.1)
Source: Climate-Data.org[3]

History


Železná Ruda was founded at the beginning of the 16th century as a mining town. After around 150 years, the iron ore stocks were extracted and iron production ended. Because quartz and limestone deposits were also located here, the town's industry reoriented to the glass industry. The first factory was built in 1624. The Alžbětín Glassworks was later one of the largest glassworks in Bohemian Forest. In the second half of the 19th century it was known mainly for plate glass.[2]

Between 1847 and 1877, the railroad was built.[2]

Its German population was expelled after 1945.


Economy


The local economy is very dependent on tourism because Železná Ruda is one of the most popular skiing centres of Šumava, as well as a starting point for many hiking trips on both sides of the border. The town has also gained a reputation as a hotspot for prostitution shortly after the Velvet Revolution.[4][5]


Transport


Železná Ruda-Alžbětín railway station
Železná Ruda-Alžbětín railway station

The town is located on a train line leading from Plzeň and Klatovy to the border station at Železná Ruda-Alžbětín/Bayerisch Eisenstein. This station building is divided by the national border between the Czech Republic and Germany.


Sights


Klostermannovo Square with the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help of the Star
Klostermannovo Square with the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help of the Star

There are many nature sights, such as lakes Černé jezero and Čertovo jezero, and the Špičák mountain with 1,202 m (3,944 ft) above sea level. A railway tunnel goes under Špičák. The tunnel is 1,747 m (5,732 ft) long and it was the longest railway tunnel in the Czech Republic until 2007.

The most valuable historical monument is the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help of the Star. It was built in the Baroque style in 1729–1732. Its peculiarity is the floor plan of the six-pointed star and two cupolas with a star.[6] Other historical sights include the Chapel of Saints Anthony of Padua and Barbara, and the Stations of the Cross.

The local museum and information centre are located in a house from 1877, which was the home to a well-known family of glassmakers in the past. There is an exhibition of traditional glass, documents and photographs concerning history available all year round.[7]


Twin towns – sister cities


See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Železná Ruda is twinned with:[8]


References


  1. "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30.
  2. "Historie Železné Rudy" (in Czech). Železná Ruda. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  3. "Climate Železná Ruda". Climate-Data.org. 11 December 2013.
  4. "Železná Ruda: Trhy a prostitutky v ráji šumavském" (in Czech). 20 September 2007.
  5. Skala, Jan (2 April 2012). "Vykřičené domy pomalu mizí, prostitutky končí s živností". Deník.cz (in Czech).
  6. "Kostel Panny Marie Pomocné z hvězdy" (in Czech). Město Železná Ruda. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  7. "Muzeum Šumavy Železná Ruda" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  8. "Železnorudský zpravodaj – srpen 2018" (PDF) (in Czech). Železná Ruda. August 2018. pp. 1, 11. Retrieved 2020-07-27.


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