Dunhua (Chinese: 敦化; pinyin: Dūnhuà; Chosŏn'gŭl: 돈화; Hangul: 둔화) is a county-level city of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It has more than 480,000 inhabitants (as of 2002) and was the capital of Balhae between 742 and 756, known at the time as "Junggyeong". During the Qing dynasty it was called Áodōng (敖东) in Chinese and Odoli in Manchu.[citation needed]
Dunhua
敦化市 · 돈화시 | |
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County-level city | |
Dunhua Location in Jilin province | |
Coordinates: 43°22′N 128°14′E | |
Country | China |
Province | Jilin |
Prefecture | Yanbian |
Seat | Minzhu Subdistrict |
Area | |
• County-level city | 11,957.0 km2 (4,616.6 sq mi) |
• Urban | 116.00 km2 (44.79 sq mi) |
Elevation | 505 m (1,657 ft) |
Population (2017)[1] | |
• County-level city | 481,000 |
• Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
• Urban | 201,900 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 133700 |
Area code | 0433 |
Dunhua | |||||||
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Chinese | 敦化市 | ||||||
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Chinese Korean name | |||||||
Chosŏn'gŭl | 돈화시 | ||||||
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South Korean name | |||||||
Hangul | 둔화시 | ||||||
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Dunhua is situated amongst the Changbai Mountains, its administrative area spanning 42°42′−44°30′ N latitude and 127°28′−129°13′ E longitude, reaching a maximal north–south extent of 200 km (124 mi) and east–west width of 142 km (88 mi). Its total area of 11,957 km2 (4,617 sq mi) makes it, by area, the largest county-level city of the province.
Dunhua has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, very cold winters, and short, but warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −16.6 °C (2.1 °F) in January to 20.1 °C (68.2 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 3.28 °C (37.9 °F) and a total precipitation of 632 mm (24.9 in), more than 60% of which falls from June through August.
Climate data for Dunhua (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
Average high °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
9.8 (49.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.6 (2.1) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
5.3 (41.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
Average low °C (°F) | −22.8 (−9.0) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−2.6 (27.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −35.9 (−32.6) |
−33.9 (−29.0) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−6 (21) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−31.5 (−24.7) |
−34.1 (−29.4) |
−35.9 (−32.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.8 (0.19) |
4.8 (0.19) |
11.9 (0.47) |
29.0 (1.14) |
59.7 (2.35) |
116.1 (4.57) |
151.8 (5.98) |
138.0 (5.43) |
65.4 (2.57) |
28.8 (1.13) |
14.8 (0.58) |
6.6 (0.26) |
631.7 (24.86) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 5.6 | 7.3 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 123.0 |
Source: Weather China |
Dunhua has four subdistricts, 11 towns, and five townships.[2]
Subdistricts:
Towns:
Townships:
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County -level cities | |
Counties | |
Schools |
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Universities |
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Transport |
County-level divisions of Jilin Province | |||
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Changchun (capital) | |||
Sub-provincial city |
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Prefecture-level cities | |||
Autonomous prefecture |
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Korean-designated autonomous areas in China | |||
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Prefectures and counties |
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